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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Mountain mammals in Pakistan |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
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Pages |
351-356 |
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Keywords |
Pakistan; Chitral-Gol; status; distribution; hunting; poaching; hunters; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; chitral gol; chitral; protected area; protected; area; 2240 |
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Abstract |
Four or five snow leopards were present in 300 sq km of Chitral District in 1974. Six snow leopards were shot in vicinity of Chitral Gol in winter of 1971-1972, and at least one the next year. Estimates fewer then 250 snow leopards in Pakistan. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 33 |
Serial |
863 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News Fall 2001 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Snow Leopard News |
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seattle; fund-raising; volunteers; annual-appeal; Woodland-Park-Zoo; Tserendeleg; Mongolia; Macne; Islt; Pakistan; Afganastan; Malik; September-11th; war; conservation; China; Slims; Tnc; Yunnan; Slss; Snow-Leopard-Survival-Summit; Sullenberger; Munktsog; irbis-enterprises; Cnn; Abc; tourism; travel; crafts; Dolijinsuren; browse; 4340 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents:1.Thanks Again to Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle2.Mongolia's Conservation Leader Passed Away3.The Presence of the Trust4.ISLT and the Nature Conservancy Team up in China5.Snow Leopard Survival Summit Postponed6.Mongolia's Snow Leopards in the News7.Volunteers for Snow Leopards8.From Cozzy Mitts to Tea Cozies |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 422 |
Serial |
932 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Villagers Release Captured Snow Leopard |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Snow Line |
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1 |
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Jamalabad; Pakistan; herders; livstock; Wwf; Khunjerab livestock; predation; conflict; Islt; browse; 4470 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 435 |
Serial |
931 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News Spring 2000 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Snow Leopard News |
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Keywords |
Rutherford; Freeman; Morse; Jackson; Hillard; Natural-Partnerships-Program; Pakistan; Islt; Slims; training; Chitrol-Gol; parks; preserves; reserves; protected-areas; surveys; Hemis; Conflict-Resolution-Workshop; conflict; herders; leh; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; corrals; predator; prey; livestock; depradation; human-wildlife-conflict; Uzbekistan; Gissar; Peace-Corps; Mongolia; Macne; fiction; populations; browse; 4390 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, Wa |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Transitions at the Trust2.Message From ISLT Founder Helen Freeman and President Charles Morse3.Jakson and Hillard to Leave ISLT for New Pursuits4. News and Notes5. ISLT's Natural Partnerships Program6.Thoughts from a Snow Leopard7. Snow Leopards, Local People,and Livestock losses: Solutions through Paticipation8.U.S. Peace Corps and ISLT Team Up in Mongolia |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 427 |
Serial |
930 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News Summer 2000 |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Snow Leopard News |
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Woodland-Park-Zoo; seattle; cubs; McCarthy; Allen; volunteer; Peter-Mathiessen; Chitrol-Gol; Pakistan; livestock; predator; prey; killing; Haleem; field-study; research; corraling; villagers; herders; browse; 4380 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Woodland Park Zoo Society Awards $65,000 Challenge Grant to ISLT2.ISLT Completes Search for Conservation Director and Program Officer3.Volunteer Needed4.News and Notes5.Donate to ISLT on the Internet without Spending a Cent6.Seven Snow Leopards Spotted in Chitral Gol National Park in Pakistan |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 426 |
Serial |
929 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News Spring 1999 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Snow Leopard News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
Chitrol-Gol; Pakistan; Turner-foundation-grant; zoos; cooperation; conservation; Islt; Jackson; Slims; Singh; indictator-species; prey; browse; 4400 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Chitrol Gol National Park, Pakistan Febuary 19992.ISLT Recieves Turner Foundation Grant3.ISLT and Zoos Continue Link for Conservation Success4.News and Notes5.Field Notes6.Jay Singh7.Snow Leopard Spot |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 428 |
Serial |
925 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Trade Continues in Snow Leopard Skins |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Snowline |
Abbreviated Journal |
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xiv |
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Keywords |
poaching; pelts; trade; asia; Pakistan; China; Kashgar; browse; 4550 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 443 |
Serial |
924 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Stones of Silence: Journeys in the Himalaya |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Keywords |
Himalaya; Pakistan; behavior; browse; 2260 |
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Anecdotal description of wildlife field studies in the Himalaya, including information on snow leopard natural history and an encounter with snow leopards in Pakistan. |
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Viking Press |
Place of Publication |
New York |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 63 |
Serial |
865 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Mountain Monarchs: Wild Sheep and Goats of the Himalaya (Wildlife Behavior & Ecology) |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
1977 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
146-159 |
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Keywords |
sheep; goats; Pakistan; Nepal; marking; spraying; scrapes; sprays; behavior; predator; prey; browse; 2250; mountain; wild; wild sheep; goat; Himalaya; wildlife; ecology |
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Describes snow leopard status and field observations from studies in Pakistan and Nepal. Review provides some data on snow leopard marking behavior, social relations, food habits and predator behavior. |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 39 |
Serial |
864 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News Summer 2001 |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Snow Leopard News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Islt; Woodland-Park-Zoo; seattle; Snow-leoaprd-Summit; Slss; threats; conservation; donation; field-study; surveys; Pakistan; Kyrgastan; Kyrgyz-Republic; India; research; staff; expansion; programs; education; herders; interviews; funding; travel; livestock; browse; 4350 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, WA |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLTable of Contents:1.ISLT to Host Snow Leopard Summit2.Trust Receives $100,000 Anonymous Donation3.Report from the Field |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 423 |
Serial |
933 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
On meeting a Snow Leopard |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Animal Kingdom |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
7-13 |
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Keywords |
Pakistan; ecology; conservation; distribution; livestock; goat; baiting; reserves; reserve; park; parks; refuge; behavior; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; 2220 |
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Abstract |
Discusses snow leopard distribution, ecology and conservation. Describes baiting (with a domestic goat) of a snow leopard and cub in a game reserve in Northern Pakistan. Incudes a description of the Leopard killing a goat, and observations over a week when the leopards were feeding on the goat baits. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 23 |
Serial |
861 |
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Author |
Schaller, G.B. |
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Title |
Imperiled phantom of Asian peaks |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
National Geographic |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
140 |
Issue |
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Pages |
702-707 |
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Keywords |
conservation; Pakistan; baiting; browse; 2210 |
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Abstract |
Brief description of succssful baiting, with a domestic goat and photographing a wild snow leopard in Northern Pakistan. |
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First photographs of snow leopards in the wild |
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SLN @ rana @ 22 |
Serial |
859 |
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Author |
Roberts, T.J. |
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Title |
The Mammals of Pakistan |
Type |
Book Whole |
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Year |
1977 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Pakistan; ecology; status; distribution; browse; 2200 |
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Abstract |
Brief description of physical characteristics, ecology,status, and distribution of snow leopard in Pakistan |
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Publisher |
Ernest Benn |
Place of Publication |
London and Tonbridge |
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Notes |
156-158 |
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SLN @ rana @ 38 |
Serial |
825 |
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Author |
Rasool, G. |
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Title |
The status of management of protected areas in the Northern Areas of Pakistan |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Tigerpaper |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Xxi |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
23-26 |
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Keywords |
parks; Pakistan; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; status; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected areas; area; areas; protected; 2120 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 241 |
Serial |
808 |
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Author |
Rasool, G. |
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Title |
Population status of Wildlife in Khunjerab National Park |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Tigerpaper |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
Xvii |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
25-28 |
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Keywords |
status; Khunjerab; National-park; park; parks; refuge; reserves; reserve; Pakistan; protected-area; browse; national park; national; 2190 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 161 |
Serial |
807 |
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Author |
Nolte-Wilson, B. |
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Title |
Soveriegn of menaced realm: the snow leopard |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Natura WWF-Pakistan Newsletter |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
3-9 |
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Keywords |
Pakistan; browse; behavior; Chitrol-Gol; baiting; spays; pug; scrapes; habitat; 3130 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 171 |
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723 |
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Author |
Namgay, K. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan |
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Report |
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2007 |
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1-5 |
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2000; 30; activities; activity; asia; Bhutan; China; conservation; dates; Dorji; field; government; habitat; habitats; India; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Jigme; Jigme-Dorji; leopard; leopards; methods; national; National-park; national park; Nepal; Pakistan; park; plan; population; populations; prey; program; programs; project; region; regional; Report; Slims; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; staff; status; strategy; Support; survey; surveys; techniques; training; trust; ungulate; us; using; wild; wildlife; work; workshop; world-wildlife-fund; world wildlife fund; Wwf |
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Snow leopard conservation work in Bhutan dates back to 1999 and 2000 when the International Snow Leopard Trust-in collaboration with the Royal Government of Bhutan and World Wildlife Fund-initiated a training workshop. More than 30 government staff were trained in SLIMS survey techniques. As a part of the training exercise, a preliminary survey on snow leopard was also carried out using the SLIMS methods in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Park. Based on the survey results, we estimated there was a population of 100 snow leopards in the wild and 10,000 km2 of habitat. In 2005, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) organized the WWF/South Asia Regional Workshop on Snow leopard Conservation in Bhutan. Both regional (Bhutan, India, China, Nepal and Pakistan) and international experts revisited the snow leopard programs and developed a work plan for the overall conservation of the snow leopard in the region. This led to WWF's Regional Snow leopard Conservation Strategy. WWF is pleased to submit our final report to the International Snow Leopard Trust on the oneyear, $8,000 grant in support of Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan. With the support of the Snow Leopard Trust, we have made great strides towards achieving our goal for this project: To determine the current status of snow leopard and ungulate prey populations in prime snow leopard habitats. Major accomplishments and activities completed thanks to the generous support of the International Snow Leopard Trust include:
Signed of a Terms of Reference between Royal Government, International Snow Leopard
Trust – India, World Wildlife Fund and International Snow Leopard Trust -US;
Developed a joint revised project work plan; and
Purchased basic field supplies and equipment needed for the surveys planned. |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2006. Contact Thomas Dillon (202) 778-9766 phone or email Thomas.dillon@wwfus.org |
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McCarthy, T.; Khan, J.; Ud-Din, J.; McCarthy, K. |
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First study of snow leopards using GPS-satellite collars underway in Pakistan |
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2007 |
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Cat News |
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46 |
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Spring |
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22-23 |
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study; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; using; collars; collar; Pakistan; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; habitat; Cats; cat; sound; knowledge; ecology; behavior; conserve; information; radio; radio collars; radio collar; radio-collars; radio-collar; Nepal; 1980; Mongolia; 1990; Gps; Report; Data; Satellite |
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Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are highly cryptic and occupy remote inaccessible habitat, making studying the cats difficult in the extreme. Yet sound knowledge of the cat's ecology, behavior and habitat needs is required to intelligently conserve them. This information is lacking for snow leopards, and until recently so was the means to fill that knowledge gap. Two long-term studies of snow leopards using VHF radio collars have been undertaken in Nepal (1980s) and Mongolia (1990s) but logistical and technological constraints made the findings of both studies equivocal. Technological advances in the interim, such as GPS collars which report data via satellite, make studies of snow leopards more promising, at least in theory. |
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666 |
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Anonymous |
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You can help save the snow leopard |
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Pakistan, snow leopard, conservation |
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English translation. Year unknown. |
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1270 |
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Ahmad, S., Ali, H., Asif, M., Khan, T, Din, N., Rehman, E. U., Hameed, S., Din, J. U., Nawaz, M. A. |
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Spatial density pattern of Himalayan Ibex (Capra sibirica) in Pakistan |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Global Ecology & Conservation |
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39 |
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e02288 |
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1-12 |
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Himalayan ibex, Population, Hindu Kush, Himalaya, Karakoram, Pakistan |
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Mountain ungulates perform a key role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems as they are the primary consumers of vegetation and prey for large predators. The mountain ranges of northern Pakistan are home to six species of mountain ungulates, and the Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica), hereafter ibex, is the most abundant among them. This study was conducted in three administrative regions of northern Pakistan, viz. Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), to generate a range-wide density pattern map of ibex. A double-observer survey was conducted in 25 study sites during 2018–2021 across the ibex distribution range, covering an area of about 35,307 km2, by walking transects totaling 1647 km. Within the ibex range where the survey was not conducted due to financial and logistical constraints, we obtained species population information from local wildlife departments’ most recent annual survey data. The aim was to generate a density map for the entire ibex range. Using the BBRe-capture package in program R, we estimated an ibex population of 7639 (95 % CI) with a mean density of 0.21/km2 in the surveyed area. Combining with the secondary data from un-surveyed areas, the total population estimate for the country came to 10,242 ibex. The largest population densities were observed in four valleys (Shimshal, Gulkin-Hussaini, Khyber, and Khunjerab) of the Karakoram-Pamir range, followed by the Hindu Kush range (Chitral Wildlife Division [WD]). The central and eastern parts of the Karakoram range had moderate to low densities, while the Himalayan range (e.g., Astore Valley) supported a small population. The mean herd size was 15 individuals (range: 5–41), and the average detection probability of observers A and B was 0.69 and 0.48, respectively. The average male and young ratios per 100 females were estimated to be 75 and 81, respectively. The range-wide density map developed during the study provided an evidence for the impact of trophy hunting programs and an objective tool for range-wide conservation planning of the species. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1699 |
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Din, J. U., Bari, F., Ali, H., Rehman, E. U., Adli, D. S. H., Abdullah, N. A., Norma-Rashid, Y., Kabir, M., Hameed, S., Nawaz, D. A., Nawaz, M. A. |
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Drivers of snow leopard poaching and trade in Pakistan and implications for management |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Nature Conservation |
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46 |
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49-62 |
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conflict, illegal trade, northern Pakistan, pelt, poaching; retaliatory killing |
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The snow leopard is one of the highly valued species from high-altitude mountain ecosystems of Central and Southeast Asia, including Pakistan. This keystone species is facing a myriad of conventional and emerging threats, including poaching and trade, that are poorly documented in Pakistan. To understand the dynamics and drivers of the poaching and trading of snow leopards in Pakistan, we investigated the issue in depth through a multifaceted survey in the snow leopard range of the country. We recorded 101 snow leopard poaching incidences from 11 districts during 2005–2017. The reported poaching incidences varied spatially (‒x = 9 ± 2.6 [95% Cl: 3–15]) and temporally (‒x = 7.8 ± 1.09) and accounted for 2–4% annual population loss (n = 200–420) in a period of 13 years. Poaching and trade together constituted 89% of the total incidence reported and animals were mostly shot (66%), poisoned (12%), snared (12%) and captured (4%), respectively. Only a fraction (3%) of the incidences were reported to the relevant law enforcement agencies. Trade routes included large cities and neighbouring countries, even the Middle East and Europe. The average base and end prices for each item were 245 ± 36 USD and 1,736 ± 520 USD, respectively, while maximum monetary fines set as per the law were 275 USD. Our results establish the need for developing multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms at regional, national and international levels and information sharing to curb this menace. Improving the existing laws and surveillance system, while taking the local communities onboard, will further help to this end. |
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1672 |
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Aruge, S., Batool, H., Khan, F. M., Abbas, F. I., Janjua, S |
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A pilot study�genetic diversity and population structure of snow leopards of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, using molecular techniques. |
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2019 |
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PeerJ |
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7672 |
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1-14 |
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Population, Genetics, Panthera uncia, Pakistan, Molecular markers |
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Background: The Hindu Kush and Karakoram mountain ranges in Pakistan�s northern areas are a natural habitat of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia syn. Uncia uncia) but the ecological studies on this animal are scarce since it is human shy by nature and lives in dif!cult mountainous tracts. The pilot study is conducted to exploit the genetic diversity and population structure of the snow leopard in this selected natural habitat of the member of the wildcat family in Pakistan.
Method: About 50 putative scat samples of snow leopard from !ve localities of Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan) along with a control sample of zoo maintained male snow leopard were collected for comparison. Signi!cant quality and quantity of genomic DNA was extracted from scat samples using combined Zhang�phenol�chloroform method and successful ampli!cation of cytochrome c oxidase I gene (190 bp) using mini-barcode primers, seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and Y-linked AMELY gene (200 bp) was done.
Results: Cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequencing suggested that 33/50 (66%) scat samples were of snow leopard. AMELY primer suggested that out of 33 ampli!ed samples, 21 (63.63%) scats were from male and 12 (36.36%) from female leopards. Through successful ampli!cation of DNA of 25 out of 33 (75.75%) scat samples using SSR markers, a total of 68 alleles on seven SSR loci were identi!ed, showing low heterozygosity, while high gene "ow between population.
Discussion: The low gene flow rate among the population results in low genetic diversity causing decreased diversi!cation. This affects the adaptability to climatic changes, thus ultimately resulting in decreased population size of the species. |
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1491 |
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Khatoon, R., Hussain, I., Anwar, M., Nawaz, M. A. |
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Diet selection of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Chitral, Pakistan |
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2017 |
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Turkish Journal of Zoology |
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14 |
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914-923 |
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Snow leopard, conservation, seasonal variation, diet composition, Chitral, Pakistan |
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Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an elusive endangered carnivore found in remote mountain regions of Central Asia, with
sparse distribution in northern Pakistan, including Chitral and Baltistan. The present study determined the food habits of snow leopard,
including preferred prey species and seasonal variation in diet. Fifty-six scat samples were collected and analyzed to determine the
diet composition in two different seasons, i.e. summer and winter. Hair characteristics such as cuticular scale patterns and medullary
structure were used to identify the prey. This evidence was further substantiated from the remains of bones, claws, feathers, and other
undigested remains found in the scats. A total of 17 prey species were identified; 5 of them were large mammals, 6 were mesomammals,
and the remaining 6 were small mammals. The occurrence of wild ungulates (10.4%) in the diet was low, while livestock constituted a
substantial part (26.4%) of the diet, which was higher in summer and lower in winter. Mesomammals altogether comprised 33.4% of
the diet, with palm civet (Paguma larvata) as a dominant (16.8%) species, followed by golden marmot (Marmota caudate) (8.8%), which
was higher in winter. There was a significant difference in seasonal variation in domestic livestock and small mammals. The livestock
contribution of 26.4% observed in the present study indicates a significant dependence of the population on livestock and suggests
that the study area is expected to be a high-conflict area for snow leopards. The results of the current study would help improve the
conservation efforts for snow leopards, contributing to conflict resolution and effective management of this endangered cat. |
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1459 |
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Khan, B., Ablimit, A., Nawaz, M. A., Ali, R., Khan, M. Z., Jaffaruddin, Karim, R. |
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Pastoralist experience and tolerance of snow leopard, wolf and lynx predation in Karakoram Pamir Mountains |
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2014 |
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Journal of Biodiversity and Envirnomental Sciences |
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5 |
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4 |
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214-229 |
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Carnivore, herbivores, interaction, Karakoram, Pamir, Khunjerab, Taxkorgan, China, Pakistan |
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Human-carnivore conflict is a common conservation and livelihood issue in mountain communities. This study was conducted to understand nature and extent of socio-ecological interaction between pastoralism and wildlife conservation in cold deserts of Karakoram Pamir Mountains (KPM) between China and Pakistan. Study revealed that livestock depredation is a burning issue in KPM with varying intensity from place to place, depending upon wild prey abundance, herd size, herding practices, predator type and age. Snow leopard, wolf and lynx were the major predators, while Brown bear despite its presence was reported being less fatal to livestock. Snow leopard killed highest number of animals (88.7% n=1440) mostly sheep and goats whereas, wolf killed more juvenile yaks. Lynx was found occasionally predating on young domestic crop. Highest number of kills was recorded from pastures during summer months (July-Aug) when animals were free grazing or were kept inside pens at night. Wild prey base being abysmally low, livestock seemed offering a considerable portion of diet to carnivores. Despite considerable losses from carnivores, more respondents in KNP (Pakistan) buffer zone had sympathies for predators compared to those in TNR (China) who were annoyed of the carnivores. Although people attributed escalating human-carnivore conflict to a higher level of protection to wild animals in Protected Areas (PA) but efforts are still needed to judiciously integrate conservation with local livelihood and development needs, otherwise herders may continue losing their livestock to predators and retaliatory killing of endangered carnivore species i.e., Snow leopard and Wolf may continue unabated and would further destabilize the fragile mountain ecosystem. |
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1418 |
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Jackson. R |
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Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets |
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2012 |
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Springer Science and Business Media |
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357-380 |
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Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation |
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Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color.
Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing
rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively
low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse
biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive
as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires
carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing
competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally
friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods.
This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster
sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting
herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms
and wildlife disturbance or poaching).
When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife,
conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and
build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government
and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism
sectors). |
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1393 |
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