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Mallon, D.P. |
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Title |
Status and Conservation of Large Mammals in Ladakh |
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Journal Article |
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1991 |
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Biological Conservation |
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56 |
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1 |
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101-119 |
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Ladakh; India; snow-leopard; wolf; Canis-lupus; ibex; brown-bear; bear; Ursus-arctos; parks; reserves; hunting; herders; livestock; snow leopard; browse; canis; lupis; ursus; arctos; 800 |
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The distribution and status of large mammals was surveyed in a 15 000 km2 study area in Ladakh, India. Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, ibex Capra ibex and bharal Pseudois nayaur have an almost continuous distribution throughout; Ladakh urial Ovis vignei, Tibetan argali Ovis ammon, wild ass Equus kiang and brown bear Ursus arctos have a limited distribution. Snow leopard prefer lower altitudes and rocky, undisturbed areas. Ibex and bharal occupy similar rocky habitats but their ranges are mostly separate, with a small area of overlap. The Ladakh urial shows signs of recovery from an earlier decline. Natural resources are widely used for fuel, fodder and grazing, but favourable factors include a low human population, low level of hunting and the existence of some uninhabited and undisturbed areas. A comprehensive Protected Area Network has been proposed. |
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Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 175 |
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647 |
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Raghavan, B.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Qureshi, Q. |
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Interactions between livestock and Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei); final report |
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Report |
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2003 |
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1-46 |
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Interactions; interaction; livestock; Ladakh; urial; ovis; endangered; Animal; Iucn; 2000; Cites; indian; wildlife; protection; number; 1960; 70; hunting; meat; fox; Chundawat; population; range; species; recent; humans; Human; Pressure; habitat; areas; area; human activity; activity; activities; agriculture; pastoralism; development; dam; Base; threats; threat; poaching; grazing; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; Competition; resource; presence; India; project; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program |
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The Ladakh urial (Ovis vignei vignei) is a highly endangered animal (IUCN Red List 2000) listed in the Appendix 1 of CITES and Schedule 1 of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Its numbers had been reduced to a few hundred individuals in the 1960s and 70s through hunting for trophies and meat (Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). However, with the protection bestowed by the IWPA 1972, and resultant decrease in hunting, the population seems to have shown a marginal increase to about 1000-1500 individuals in its range in Ladakh (Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, IUCN Red List 2000). Although the species had in the past, been able to coexist with the predominantly Buddhist society of Ladakh, the recent increase in the population of both humans and their livestock has placed immense pressures on its habitat (Shackleton 1997, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). This is especially important considering that the Ladakh urial habitat coincides with the areas of maximum human activity in terms of settlements, agriculture, pastoralism and development, in Ladakh (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). Increased developmental activities such as construction of roads, dams, and military bases in these areas have also increased the access to their habitat. This has consequently made the species more vulnerable to the threats of poaching and habitat destruction (Fox et al. 1991, Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2002). Pressure from increased livestock grazing is one of the major threats faced by the species today (Shackleton 1997, Fox et al. 1991, Mallon 1983, IUCN Red List 2000 Chundawat and Qureshi 1999, Raghavan and Bhatnagar 2003). In the impoverished habitat provided by the Trans-Himalayas, there is great competition for the scarce resources between various animal species surviving here (Fox 1996, Mishra 2001). The presence of livestock intensifies this competition and can either force the species out of its niche (competitive exclusion) by displacing it from that area or resource, or lead to partitioning of resources between the species, spatially or temporally, for coexistence (Begon et al. 1986, Gause 1934). |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Wildlife Institute of India. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1075 |
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802 |
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Prasad, S.N.; Chundawat, R.S.; Hunter, D.O.; Panwar, H.S.; Rawat, G.S. |
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Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the trans-Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery preliminary results |
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1991 |
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519-523 |
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snow-leopard; Gis; cartographic-modelling; India; Ladakh; Zanskar; predation; habitat; prey; predator; blue-sheep; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; cartographic modelling; cartographic; modelling; 810 |
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The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a flagship species for conservation in the high mountain regions of central Asia. Data on snow leopard predation, habitat conditions and range of main prey species were gathered along with thematic maps of the study area for elevation, snow cover, sighting data, kill data, blue sheep use areas, and vegetation data. These data were entered into a GIS and used to help delineate surface features from a satellite image. Preliminary results show that general physiographic features of snow leopard habitat can be detected using satellite imagery and that GIS cartographic modeling techniques can improve this delineation. -from Authors |
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Buhyoff, G.J. |
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Title, Monographic: Resource Technology 90. Proc. second international symposium on advanced technology in natural resources management
Place of Meeting: Washington, DC |
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SLN @ rana @ 176 |
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792 |
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Panwar, H.S. |
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Report on the snow leopard research project of Wildlife Institute of India |
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1988 |
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1-2 |
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Himalaya; Himalayas; India; international snow leopard trust; research; snow leopard; survey |
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Snow leopard survey conducted in Indian Himalayas between November 1985 and July 1986. |
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SLN @ rana @ 987 |
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759 |
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Panwar, H.S.; Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Ecology of the Snow Loepard and Associated Prey in Central Ladakh |
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1986 |
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18 |
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Ladakh; research; field-study; study; India; home-range; movement; habitat; prey; behavior; Himalaya; Human; ineraction; conflisct; Landsat; browse; 4180 |
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Full text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 406 |
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758 |
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Osborne, B.C.; Mallon, D.P.; Fraser, S.J.R. |
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Ladkh, threatened stronghold of rare Himalayan mammals |
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1983 |
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Oryx |
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17 |
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182-189 |
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Ladakh; India; pelt; coat; hunting; poaching; distribution; skin; livestock; herders; predator; prey; browse; 3290 |
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Reports the results of seven visits to Ladakh over past five years. The snow leopard occurs throughout Ladakh but is not common. Livestock are often taken in winter. At least five snow leopards were shot in the Suru Valley over the past five years. The pelt is worth about $350 in Srinagar. |
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SLN @ rana @ 80 |
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756 |
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Namgay, K. |
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Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan |
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2007 |
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1-5 |
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2000; 30; activities; activity; asia; Bhutan; China; conservation; dates; Dorji; field; government; habitat; habitats; India; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Jigme; Jigme-Dorji; leopard; leopards; methods; national; National-park; national park; Nepal; Pakistan; park; plan; population; populations; prey; program; programs; project; region; regional; Report; Slims; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; staff; status; strategy; Support; survey; surveys; techniques; training; trust; ungulate; us; using; wild; wildlife; work; workshop; world-wildlife-fund; world wildlife fund; Wwf |
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Snow leopard conservation work in Bhutan dates back to 1999 and 2000 when the International Snow Leopard Trust-in collaboration with the Royal Government of Bhutan and World Wildlife Fund-initiated a training workshop. More than 30 government staff were trained in SLIMS survey techniques. As a part of the training exercise, a preliminary survey on snow leopard was also carried out using the SLIMS methods in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Park. Based on the survey results, we estimated there was a population of 100 snow leopards in the wild and 10,000 km2 of habitat. In 2005, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) organized the WWF/South Asia Regional Workshop on Snow leopard Conservation in Bhutan. Both regional (Bhutan, India, China, Nepal and Pakistan) and international experts revisited the snow leopard programs and developed a work plan for the overall conservation of the snow leopard in the region. This led to WWF's Regional Snow leopard Conservation Strategy. WWF is pleased to submit our final report to the International Snow Leopard Trust on the oneyear, $8,000 grant in support of Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan. With the support of the Snow Leopard Trust, we have made great strides towards achieving our goal for this project: To determine the current status of snow leopard and ungulate prey populations in prime snow leopard habitats. Major accomplishments and activities completed thanks to the generous support of the International Snow Leopard Trust include:
Signed of a Terms of Reference between Royal Government, International Snow Leopard
Trust – India, World Wildlife Fund and International Snow Leopard Trust -US;
Developed a joint revised project work plan; and
Purchased basic field supplies and equipment needed for the surveys planned. |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2006. Contact Thomas Dillon (202) 778-9766 phone or email Thomas.dillon@wwfus.org |
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SLN @ rana @ 1074 |
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714 |
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Namgail, T. |
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Interactions between argali and livestock, Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India, Final Project Report |
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2004 |
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1-39 |
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Interactions; interaction; argali; livestock; Gya-Miru; wildlife; sanctuary; sanctuaries; Ladakh; India; project; Report; land-use; land use; region; indian; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; economy; Animal; products; meat; diet; people; wool; goats; goat; International; High; recent; change; population; grazing; Pressure; pasture; impact; 2000; knowledge; primary; Chundawat; wild; area; Support; ungulate; species; fox; nature; domestic; sheep; habitat; habitat use; use; tibetan; Tibetan argali; ovis; Ovis ammon hodgsoni; ammon; reserve; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program |
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Livestock production is the major land-use in Ladakh region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya, and is a crucial sector that drives the region's economy (Anon, 2002). Animal products like meat and milk provide protein to the diet of people, while products like wool and pashmina (soft fibre of goats) find their way to the international market. Such high utility of livestock and the recent socio-economic changes in the region have caused an increase in livestock population (Rawat and Adhikari, 2002; Anon. 2002), which, if continue apace, may increase grazing pressure and deteriorate pasture conditions. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess the impact of such escalation in livestock population on the regions wildlife. Although, competitive interaction between wildlife and livestock has been studied elsewhere in the Trans-Himalaya (Bhatnagar et al., 2000; Mishra, 2001; Bagchi et al., 2002), knowledge on this aspect in the Ladakh region is very rudimentary. The rangelands of Ladakh are characterised by low primary productivity (Chundawat & Rawat, 1994), and the wild herbivores are likely to compete with the burgeoning livestock on these impoverished rangelands (Mishra et al., 2002). Thus, given that the area supports a diverse wild ungulate assemblage of eight species (Fox et al., 1991b), and an increasing livestock population (Rawat and Adhikari, 2002), the nature of interaction between wildlife and livestock needs to be assessed. During this project, we primarily evaluated the influence of domestic sheep and goat grazing on the habitat use of Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in a prospective wildlife reserve in Ladakh. |
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Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2003. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1073 |
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711 |
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Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Datta, A. |
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Mammals of the high altitudes of western Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: an assessment of threats and conservation needs |
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2006 |
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Oryx |
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40 |
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1 |
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1-7 |
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anthropogenic; area; Arunachal; assessment; awareness; bharal; biodiversity; carnivore; carnivores; community; community-based; conservation; deer; depredation; dhole; endangered; extinct; fauna; goral; grazing; habitat; habitats; High; Himalaya; hunting; incentives; India; indian; Iucn; leopard; livestock; livestock-depredation; livestock depredation; local; mammals; musk; musk-deer; nayaur; panthera; people; peoples; plant; plants; potential; Pseudois; Pseudois-nayaur; pseudois nayaur; range; recent; region; Report; reserve; resource; schools; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; survey; surveys; threat; threatened; threats; tiger; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; ungulate; ungulates; valley; wildlife; work; Panthera-tigris; tigris |
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The high altitudes of Arunachal Pradesh,India, located in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, remain zoologically unexplored and unprotected. We report results of recent mammal surveys in the high altitude habitats of western Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 35 mammal species (including 12 carnivores, 10 ungulates and 5 primates) were recorded, of which 13 are categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. One species of primate, the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala, is new to science and the Chinese goral Nemorhaedus caudatus is a new addition to the ungulate fauna of the Indian subcontinent. We documented peoples' dependence on natural resources for grazing and extraction of timber and medicinal plants. The region's mammals are threatened by widespread hunting. The snow leopard Uncia uncia and dhole Cuon alpinus are also persecuted in retaliation for livestock depredation. The tiger Panthera tigris, earlier reported from the lower valleys, is now apparently extinct there, and range reductions over the last two decades are reported for bharal Pseudois nayaur and musk deer Moschus sp.. Based on mammal species richness, extent of high altitude habitat, and levels of anthropogenic disturbance, we identified a potential site for the creation of Arunachal's first high altitude wildlife reserve (815 km2). Community-based efforts that provide incentives for conservation-friendly practices could work in this area, and conservation awareness programmes are required, not just amongst the local communities and schools but for politicians, bureaucrats and the army. |
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SLN @ rana @ 861 |
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697 |
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Mishra, C.; Allen, P.; McCarthy, T.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Agvaantserengiin, B.; Prins H. |
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The role of incentive programs in conserving the snow leopard |
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2003 |
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Conservation Biology |
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1512-1520 |
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Central Asia; community; conservation; herder; incentive program; India; livestock; Mongolia; pastoralists; poaching; retaliatory killing; snow leopard; Uncia uncia |
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Pastoralists and their livestock share much of the habitat of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) across south and central Asia. The levels of livestock predation by the snow leopard and other carnivores are high, and retaliatory killing by the herders is a direct threat to carnivore populations. Depletion of wild prey by poaching and competition from livestock also poses an indirect threat to the region's carnivores. Conservationists working in these underdeveloped areas that face serious economic damage from livestock losses have turned to incentive programs to motivate local communities to protect carnivores. We describe a pilot incentive program in India that aims to offset losses due to livestock predation and to enhance wild prey density by creating livestock-free areas on common land. We also describe how income generation from handicrafts in Mongolia is helping curtail poaching and retaliatory killing of snow leopards. However, initiatives to offset the costs of living with carnivores and to make conservation beneficial to affected people have thus far been small, isolated, and heavily subsidized. Making these initiatives more comprehensive, expanding their coverage, and internalizing their costs are future challenged for the conservation of large carnivores such as the snow leopard. |
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SLN @ rana @ 904 |
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693 |
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Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D. |
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An Incentive Scheme for Wildlife Conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya |
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2002 |
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snow; leopard; asia; south; central; uncia; depredation; livestock; India; Himalaya; Himalayan; conservation; prey; density; 5010 |
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The habitat of the snow leopard Uncia uncia across South and Central Asia is subject to extensive pastoral use. Levels of livestock depredation by the snow leopard and other carnivores in the region are high, and often provokes retaliatory killing by the herders. This direct threat to large carnivores is further aggravated by a depletion of wild prey due to poaching and out-competition by livestock. In this paper, we describe a pilot project in the Indian Trans-Himalaya, which uses an incentive scheme to create areas free from livestock grazing on community-owned land, thereby fostering conservation commitment among local
pastoralists, as well as contributing directly to an enhancement of wild prey density. |
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Islt |
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Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 487 |
Serial |
692 |
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Author |
Mishra, C. |
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Title |
Socio-economic transition and wildlife conservation in the Indian Trans-Himalaya |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |
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Volume |
97 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
25-32 |
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Keywords |
economics; economy; conservation; Himalaya; trans-himalaya; India; Ladakh; browse; transhimalaya; 1940 |
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Document Type: English |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 388 |
Serial |
691 |
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Author |
Mishra, C. |
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Title |
Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: Conflict perceptions and conservation prospects |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Environmental Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
338-343 |
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Keywords |
canis lupis; carnivore; conflict; human-wildlife conflict; India; livestock; livestock depredation; snow leopard; trans-himalaya; Uncia uncia; wolf |
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Abstract |
Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 333 |
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689 |
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Author |
Raj, R.D. |
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Title |
A Green Chief Minister in a Green State |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1999 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
4 |
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Keywords |
India; snow-leopard; management; ecology; parks; reserves; snow leopard; browse; 1050 |
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Abstract |
As chief minister of the Indian state of Sikkim, Pawan Kumar Chamling has the onerous job of protecting one of the hottest biodiversity properties in the world. Chamling has been more than equal to the task. Last month, he earned the title of “greenest chief minister” of India's 22 federal states for policies that range from banning plastic bags to cancelling a major hydro-electric project. |
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Copyright (c) 1999 Inter Press Service Journal Title: Inter Press Service |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 369 |
Serial |
803 |
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Author |
Mallon, D.P. |
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Title |
A Further Report on The Snow Leopard in Ladakh |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
89-97 |
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Keywords |
Ladakh; India; ecology; Protected-area-network; reserves; parks; refuge; habitat; field study; tracking; scrapes; marking; feces; behavior; status; distribution; browse; 1680 |
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Abstract |
A detailed knowledge of the ecology of a species is fundemental to the drawing up of effective conservation measures. One aim of the current project was to identify good areas of snow leopard habitatand evaluate them for possible inclusion in the Protected Area Network. Several good areas were surveyed and an outstanding area identified, and included in a report to the Chief Wildlife Warden. |
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Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 118 |
Serial |
645 |
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Author |
Mallon, D. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard in Kanji Wildlife Reserve, Ladakh |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1993 |
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xi |
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Kanji; Ladakh; India; surveys; scrapes; distribution; research; transects; browse; 4680 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 455 |
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644 |
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Author |
Mallon, D. |
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Title |
The snow leopard in Ladakh |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
23-37 |
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Ladakh; India; livestock; herders; tracking; tracks; surveys; sign; distribution; predator; prey; herder; mortality; conservation; status; browse; 2380 |
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Abstract |
Reports on 1 summer survey and four winter surveys covering some 3100 km in Ladakh, India. Reports on snow leopard sign commonly found, distribution, prey, attacks on livestock and peoples reaction, mortality factors and conservation status. Suggest recomendations for preventing unnecessary killing of snow leopards and estimates population of 100 to 200 snow leopards in Ladakh |
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Full text available at URL |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 78 |
Serial |
642 |
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Author |
Maity, B.; Chakraborty, G.; Pradhan, K.K. |
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Title |
Toxocariasis in snow leopard (Panthera unica) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Indian Veterinary Journal |
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71 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
499-501 |
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toxocariasis; India; captivity; zoo; medical; medicine; veterinary; browse; 1410 |
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Abstract |
Spontaneous occurrence of toxocariasis (Toxocaracati) in captive snow leopards with symptoms of diarrhoea, general malaise, letherapy, dehydration, partial or complete anorexia, vomiting with or without expulsion of the ascarid is reported. Response to anthelmintic drug pyrantal pamoate along with antibacterial drug sulphadimethyl pyrimidine and supportive therapy is recorded. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 238 |
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639 |
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Author |
Lydekker, R. |
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Title |
The Game Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet |
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Book Chapter |
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1907 |
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prey; predators; game; India; Burma; Malaya; Tibet; browse; 1930 |
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Rowland Ward |
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London |
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English |
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ProCite field [12]: (1907) |
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SLN @ rana @ 9 |
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630 |
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Author |
Lepcha, R.; Bhutia, C. |
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Title |
Environmental Education in Sikkim |
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Miscellaneous |
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2000 |
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xvii |
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5 |
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education; teaching; training; Islt; conservation; schools; Sikkim; web-of-life; Himalaya; India; browse; 4450 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Seattle |
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Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line |
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SLN @ rana @ 433 |
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614 |
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Author |
Johnson, D. |
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Title |
The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation goes international |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Endangered Species Update, A |
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11 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
A10 |
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Nfwf; India; asia; siberia; endangered-species; snow-leopard; managemnet; conservation; snow leopard; browse; endangered; species; 1150 |
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Abstract: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) which is a conservation organization created in 1984 aims to conserve the species on an international context before they are endangered which will enable a more effective conservation procedure. The NFWF has addressed the causes of endangered species in India and South Asia such as the tiger, Indian wolf and the snow leopard and has supported the conservation efforts of the Siberian tiger. It has cooperated with multi-national organizations to evaluate the best strategy that could be adopted to prevent a future extinction of several species and has supported CITES programs |
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SLN @ rana @ 254 |
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500 |
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Author |
Johnsingh, A.J.T. |
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Title |
Large Mammalian predator-prey in Bandipur |
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Journal Article |
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1983 |
Publication |
J.Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc. |
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80 |
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India; predator; prey; browse; 3790 |
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SLN @ rana @ 81 |
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499 |
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Author |
Jizeng, D.; Ji-peng, J.; Chang-xin, Z.; Freeman, H. |
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Title |
Opening Remarks to Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium |
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1994 |
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conservation; ecology; biology; habitat; protected-areas; parks; reserves; preserves; refuge; zoos; captivity; breeding; distribution; status; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Afghanistan; Mongolia; Pakistan; Nepal; India; China; Tajikistan; Kazakhstan; Qinghai; Tibet; kazakstan; browse; protected; area; soviet; union; 3780 |
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Islt |
Place of Publication |
Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 234 |
Serial |
497 |
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Author |
Jain, N.; Wangchuk, R.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
An Assessment of CBT and Homestay Sites in Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh |
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Report |
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2003 |
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1-14 |
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assessment; Himachal; himachal pradesh; Himachal-Pradesh; United; Organization; survey; Report; activities; activity; mountain; Tmi; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; Snow Leopard Conservancy; leopard; Ladakh; States; India; Himalayan; program; conservation; local; livelihood; asia |
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The survey described in this report builds upon prior CBT activities undertaken by The Mountain Institute (TMI) in partnership with the Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) in Ladakh, supported by a grant from UNESCO (with co-financing from SLC). Under the evolving concept of “Himalayan Homestays”, initially developed and tested in Ladakh, it is proposed that activities be expanded to selected states in India in a strategic and effective way. Himalayan Homestays are part of a larger integrated program to link snow leopard conservation with local livelihoods in Asia. |
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Supported by: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |
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SLN @ rana @ 1019 |
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483 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. |
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Title |
Estimating Snow Leopard Population Abundance Using Photography and Capture-Recapture Techniques |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Wildlife Society Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
772-781 |
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Keywords |
abundance; camera trapping; capture rates; dentistry; identification; India; photography; snow leopard; Uncia uncia |
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Abstract |
Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncial) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16-30 kmý sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patters located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE+0.22) individuals per 100 kmý in 2003 to 4.45 (SE+0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models. |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 912 |
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476 |
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