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	Author	Berger, J., Buuveibaatar, B., Mishra, C.
	Title	Globalization of the Cashmere Market and the Decline of Large Mammals in Central Asia			Type	Journal Article
	Year		Publication	Conservation Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	27	Issue	4	Pages	679-689
	Keywords	fashion, herders, India, Mongolia, saiga, trade
	Abstract	As drivers of terrestrial ecosystems, humans have replaced large carnivores in most areas, and human influence not only exerts striking ecological pressures on biodiversity at local scales but also has indirect effects in distant corners of the world. We suggest that the multibillion dollar cashmere industry creates economic motivations that link western fashion preferences for cashmere to land use in Central Asia. This penchant for stylish clothing, in turn, encourages herders to increase livestock production which affects persistence of over 6 endangered large mammals in these remote, arid ecosystems. We hypothesized that global trade in cashmere has strong negative effects on native large mammals of deserts and grassland where cashmere-producing goats are raised. We used time series data, ecological snapshots of the biomass of native and domestic ungulates, and ecologically and behaviorally based fieldwork to test our hypothesis. In Mongolia increases in domestic goat production were associated with a 3-fold increase in local profits for herders coexisting with endangered saiga (Saiga tatarica). That increasing domestic grazing pressure carries fitness consequences was inferred on the basis of an approximately 4-fold difference in juvenile recruitment among blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in trans-Himalayan India. Across 7 study areas in Mongolia, India, and China’s Tibetan Plateau, native ungulate biomass is now <5% that of domestic species. Such trends suggest ecosystem degradation and decreased capacity for the persistence of native species, including at least 8 Asian endemic species: saiga, chiru (Pantholops hodgsoni), Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), khulan (Equus hemionus), kiang (E. kiang), takhi (E. przewalski), and wild yak (Bos mutus). Our results suggest striking yet indirect and unintended actions that link trophic-level effects to markets induced by the trade for cashmere.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1398
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	Author	Jackson. R
	Title	Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2012	Publication	Springer Science and Business Media	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	357-380
	Keywords	Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation
	Abstract	Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color. Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods. This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms and wildlife disturbance or poaching). When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife, conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism sectors).
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1393
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	Author	Wingard, J.R.; Zahler, P.
	Title	Silent Steppe: The Illegal Wildlife Trade Crisis in Mongolia			Type	Report
	Year	2006	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-170
	Keywords	steppe; illegal; wildlife; trade; Mongolia; study; threat; populations; population; areas; area; fur; fur trade; fur-trade; game; meat; hunting; Chain; impact; biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; conservation; rural; livelihood; Wildlife-Management; management; survey; survey methods; methods; history; action; International; enforcement; domestic; community-based; approach
	Abstract	The current study in Mongolia is truly groundbreaking, in that it shows that the problem of commercial wildlife trade is also vast, unsustainable, and a major threat to wildlife populations in other areas. This paper's Executive Summary briefs the topics of wildlife trade in Mongolia, fur trade, medicinal trade, game meat trade, trophy and sport hunting, trade chains and markets, trade sustainability, impacts of wildlife trade on biodiversity conservation, impacts of trade on rural livelihoods, enabling wildlife management, and management recommendations. The main content of the paper includes: wildlife trade survey methods, a history of wildlife trade in Mongolia, wildlife take and trade today, enabling wildlife management, and recommendations and priority actions. The recommendations have been divided into six separate sections, including (1) cross-cutting recommendations, (2) international trade enforcement, (3) domestic trade enforcement, (4) hunting management, (5) trophy and sport hunting management, and (6) community-based approaches. Each section identifies short-term, long-term, and regulatory goals in order of priority within each subsection.
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	Publisher	World Bank	Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor	East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Mongolian version. English language translation is also available in the SLN bibliography. Mongolia Discussion Papers. East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department. Washington D.C.: World Bank.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1079			Serial	1026
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	Author	WWF Russia & Mongolia
	Title	WWF Newsletter Altai-Sayan Ecoregion January – March 2011			Type	Report
	Year	2011	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	15	Pages	13
	Keywords	snow leopard, Mongolia, hunting
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author	WWF Russia & Mongolia			Thesis
	Publisher	WWF Russia & Mongolia	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1309
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	Author	Gronberg, E.
	Title	Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters			Type	Report
	Year	2011	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior
	Abstract	Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Master's thesis
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1301
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	Author	Sharma, K.
	Title	The mysterious irbis			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Sanctuary Asia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue	6	Pages	52-57
	Keywords	Mongolia, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, long-term, ecology, Tost, snow leopard
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1300
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	Author	Richardson, N.
	Title	The snow leopard: ghost of the mountains			Type	Newspaper Article
	Year	2010	Publication	The telegraph	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	16 Dec 2010	Pages
	Keywords	Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, Panthera, snow leopard, research
	Abstract	Snow leopards face the threats of poaching, habitat loss and diminishing prey. In remotest Mongolia, a research team is keeping tabs on this iconic and elusive species.
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	Notes	http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/8207266/The-snow-leopard-ghost-of-the-mountains.html			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1292
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	Author	Yondon, O.
	Title	Long-Term Conservation of Argali and Snow Leopard in the Trans-Boundary Areas of the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion between Mongolia and Russia (Second Phase)			Type	Report
	Year	2010	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-6
	Keywords	Mongolia, Russia, argali, snow leopard, Altai-Sayan
	Abstract	Objective 1: To ensure long-term conservation of Argali and Snow leopard in the selected areas through proactive involvement of local communities and local organisations. Objective 2. Facilitate establishing new PA in priority areas (critical habitat and migration corridors) of Argali and Snow leopard, which includes also trans-boundary PA’s
	Address
	Corporate Author	WWF Mongolia			Thesis
	Publisher	WWF Mongolia	Place of Publication	Mongolia	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Half-year (6 month) report			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1106
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	Author	WWF Mongolia
	Title	WWF Mongolia Kiosk Design 2007			Type	Report
	Year	2007	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-8
	Keywords	WWF Mongolia, kiosk
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author	WWF Mongolia			Thesis
	Publisher	WWF Mongolia	Place of Publication	Mongolia	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Mongolian, Russian, Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1102
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	Author	Tuya, T.
	Title	Short report on basic and intermediate level training on wool processing/Tsagaangol project			Type	Report
	Year	2007	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-2
	Keywords	WWF Mongolia, wool processing, community, herder, Tsagaangol
	Abstract	During 21-28 December of 2007 in a framework of the ‘Tsagaangol’ project wool processing training for one week was held in Ulaangom city. Totally, 6 people, of which 2 herders from Uureg community, 3 herders from Argaltkharig community and 1 ranger have participated. In accordance to the curricula of the training had held 4 hours of theoretical lectures and 94 hours of practical exercises. The intermediate level course was provided for two people Mrs. Yanjinlham and Odontuya who previously involved in basic level training. Mrs. Yanjilham also was trained as trainer during this session as following the guidelines came from the trainers. During this she taught on how to design, cut out and color. During the training herders obtained the following skills: - Clean, sort, lay out and color wool; - 14 -16 skills on felting and tighten wool accepted internationally; - Drawing on felt or paper with different scales; - 4 different technology on drawing and coloring felt (color felt evenly, adsorbing, coloring through knit and color using dry colors); - Laying out the picture on felt using wet or dry methods and perforate using a felt needle; - Draw picture ion felt using the wool colors; - Design Hunnu relief patterns, draw and knit; - Design and cut out, estimation and evaluation of resources, and different type of embroidery as dog’s teeth, triple fifths, seven spin of edges, crossing, string piping,classic khalkha stitching, quilt stitching, bottom stitching, knitting relief stitching edges,spinning different edges, terme etc. During week long training herders learnt how to cut out 8-9 designs and produced 44 products. The training was well organized in terms of its facilitation and organization. We are grateful for herders who were very active and worked for extended hours voluntary. Willing of herders to learn and to practice has increased comparing to the previous activities.
	Address
	Corporate Author	WWF Mongolia			Thesis
	Publisher	WWF Mongolia	Place of Publication	Mongolia	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Tsagaangol project, Uvs aimag 21-28 December 2007			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1101
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