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Author Pollock, R.V.; Carmichael, L.E.
Title Use of modified live feline panleukopenia virus vaccine to immunize dogs against canine parvovirus Type Journal Article
Year 1983 Publication Am J Vet Res Abbreviated Journal
Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 169-175
Keywords Animal; Antibodies; Viral; biosynthesis; Dog; Diseases; microbiology; prevention; control; Dogs; Dose; Response; Relationship; Immunologic; Parvoviridae; immunology; Parvovirus; Feline; growth; development; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; Vaccines; Attenuated; Virus; veterinary; Replication; browse; 350
Abstract Modified live feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) vaccine protected dogs against canine parvovirus (CPV) infection. However, unlike the long- lived (greater than or equal to 20-month) immunity engendered by CPV infection, the response of dogs to living FPLV was variable. Doses of FPLV (snow leopard strain) in excess of 10(5.7) TCID50 were necessary for uniform immunization; smaller inocula resulted in decreased success rates. The duration of immunity, as measured by the persistence of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, was related to the magnitude of the initial response to vaccination; dogs with vigorous initial responses resisted oronasal CPV challenge exposure 6 months after vaccination, and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies persisted in such dogs for greater than 1 year. Limited replication of FPLV in dogs was demonstrated, but unlike CPV, the feline virus did not spread to contact dogs or cats. Adverse reactions were not associated with living FPLV vaccination, and FPLV did not interfere with simultaneous response to attenuated canine distemper virus.
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ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 69 Serial 784
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Author Prakash, I.
Title Asian predators of livestock Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Parasites, pests and predators.World animal science Abbreviated Journal
Volume B2 Issue Pages 405-410
Keywords predators; asia; snow-leopard; livestock; status; prey; Panthera-uncia; distribution; predator; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 870
Abstract Outlines the distribution, status and predatory behaviour on livestock of Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis, gharial Gavialis gangeticus and several species of Crocodylus and Python; and of wolf Canis lupus, Asiatic jackal C. aureus, dhole (Indian wild dog) Cuon alpinus, brown bear Ursus arctos, Asiatic black bear Selenarctos thibetanus, striped hyaena Hyaena hyaena, clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa, leopard (panther) Panthera pardus, tiger P. tigris, lion P. leo, snow leopard P. uncia, other Felidae and Viverridae. -P.J.Jarvis
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Notes ED: Gaafar,-S.M.; et-al. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 84 Serial 791
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Author Prasad, S.N.; Chundawat, R.S.; Hunter, D.O.; Panwar, H.S.; Rawat, G.S.
Title Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the trans-Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery preliminary results Type Conference Article
Year 1991 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 519-523
Keywords snow-leopard; Gis; cartographic-modelling; India; Ladakh; Zanskar; predation; habitat; prey; predator; blue-sheep; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; cartographic modelling; cartographic; modelling; 810
Abstract The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a flagship species for conservation in the high mountain regions of central Asia. Data on snow leopard predation, habitat conditions and range of main prey species were gathered along with thematic maps of the study area for elevation, snow cover, sighting data, kill data, blue sheep use areas, and vegetation data. These data were entered into a GIS and used to help delineate surface features from a satellite image. Preliminary results show that general physiographic features of snow leopard habitat can be detected using satellite imagery and that GIS cartographic modeling techniques can improve this delineation. -from Authors
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor Buhyoff, G.J.
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Notes Title, Monographic: Resource Technology 90. Proc. second international symposium on advanced technology in natural resources management Place of Meeting: Washington, DC Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 176 Serial 792
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Author Raj, R.D.
Title A Green Chief Minister in a Green State Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 4
Keywords India; snow-leopard; management; ecology; parks; reserves; snow leopard; browse; 1050
Abstract As chief minister of the Indian state of Sikkim, Pawan Kumar Chamling has the onerous job of protecting one of the hottest biodiversity properties in the world. Chamling has been more than equal to the task. Last month, he earned the title of “greenest chief minister” of India's 22 federal states for policies that range from banning plastic bags to cancelling a major hydro-electric project.
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Notes Copyright (c) 1999 Inter Press Service Journal Title: Inter Press Service Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 369 Serial 803
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Author Rana, B.S.
Title Distinguishing kills of two large mammalian predators in Spiti Valley Himachal Pradesh Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication J.Bombay Nat.Hist.Soc Abbreviated Journal
Volume 94 Issue 3 Pages 553
Keywords behavior; endangered; threatened species; foods; feeding; mammals; predation; wildlife; livestock relationships; snow leopard; Tibetan wolf; prey; livestock; India; panthera uncia; canis lupis; browse; threatened; species; relationships; tibetan; wolf; panthera; uncia; canis; lupis; 610
Abstract The author studied livestock killed by predators in the Spiti Valley, India, to determine what species had killed yaks, horses, donkeys, and other domestic animals. Eleven of the kills examined were made by snow leopards and six by the Tibetan wolf. Wolves were involved in surplus killings, while snow leopards kill as food is needed. lgh
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 326 Serial 804
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Author Rasool, G.
Title Population status of Wildlife in Khunjerab National Park Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Tigerpaper Abbreviated Journal
Volume Xvii Issue 4 Pages 25-28
Keywords status; Khunjerab; National-park; park; parks; refuge; reserves; reserve; Pakistan; protected-area; browse; national park; national; 2190
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 161 Serial 807
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Author Rasool, G.
Title The status of management of protected areas in the Northern Areas of Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Tigerpaper Abbreviated Journal
Volume Xxi Issue 1 Pages 23-26
Keywords parks; Pakistan; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; status; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected areas; area; areas; protected; 2120
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 241 Serial 808
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Author Reed-Smith, J.; Kumpf, M.
Title Snow leopards (Uncia uncia): family group management alternatives Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Anim.Keepers' Forum Abbreviated Journal
Volume 25 Issue 10 Pages 386-391
Keywords behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; intraspecies-relationships; mammals; techniques; zoos; snow leopard; husbandry; browse; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; intraspecies; relationships; 1300
Abstract The authors offer insights into creating family groups of snow leopards in zoos. The programs at the Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado, and at John Ball Zoological Gardens, Grand Rapids, Michigan, are highlighted. lgh.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 340 Serial 814
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Author Richard, C.
Title Sectoral Report in Vol II: Developing Strategies for Agriculture and Related Sectors in Ladakh Type Report
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords livestock; grazing; predator; prey; herders; herder; Ladakh; browse; 1970
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Notes Submitted to the Leh Autonomous Hill Developement Council by IMOCD, Jan 1999 Title, Analytic: Rangelands and Livestock as a Niche Opportunity for Ladakh. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 373 Serial 815
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Author Rieger, I.
Title Management techniques of captive ounces, (Uncia uncia) Type Journal Article
Year 1978 Publication Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1 Issue Pages 50-70
Keywords husbandry; rearing; captivity; zoos; zoo; housing; breeding; mating; browse; 3660
Abstract Presents a comparison of housing and techniques for care and breeding at 16 zoos. Includes comments on factors which may influence breeding
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 46 Serial 817
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Author Rieger, I.
Title Some difficulty breeding ounces, (Uncia uncia) at zoological gardens Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication Int.Ped Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages 76-95
Keywords breeding; captivity; zoo; zoos; monagamy; behavior; browse; 3670
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Notes discusses monagamy in snow leopards Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 54 Serial 819
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Author Rieger, I.; Peters, G.
Title Observations on the mating and vocal behavior of snow leopards (Uncia-uncia) in zoological garden Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Zeitschrift Fur Saugetierkunde International Journal of Mamamalian Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 35-48
Keywords mating; breeding; vocalization; zoos; zoo; veterinary; behavior; browse; 1570
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Notes Publisher:GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG, JENA Document Type: German Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 59 Serial 821
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Author Roberts, T.J.
Title The Mammals of Pakistan Type Book Whole
Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Pakistan; ecology; status; distribution; browse; 2200
Abstract Brief description of physical characteristics, ecology,status, and distribution of snow leopard in Pakistan
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Publisher Ernest Benn Place of Publication London and Tonbridge Editor
Language Summary Language (up) Original Title
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Notes 156-158 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 38 Serial 825
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Author Rodenburg, W.F.
Title The Trade in Wild Animal Furs in Afghanistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1977 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Afghanistan; pelts; hunting; poaching; pelt; coat; fur; skin; browse; 2480
Abstract Estimated that 70-80 snow leopard pelts were traded annually at the Kabul bazaar.
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Notes UNDP/FAO Project Field Document AFG/74/016, Kabul. Date of Copyright: 1977 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 40 Serial 826
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Author Rosenthal, M.; Ott, J.L.
Title Snow Leopard Captive Mangement Survey Type Book Whole
Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords captivity; zoos; zoo; management; browse; 3680
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Publisher Lincon Park Zoological Gardens Place of Publication Chicago Editor
Language Summary Language (up) Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 126 Serial 827
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Author Roth, T.L.; Howard, J.G.; Donoghue, A.M.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E.
Title Function and culture requirements of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) spermatozoa in vitro Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication J Reprod Fertil Abbreviated Journal
Volume 101 Issue 3 Pages 563-569
Keywords Animal; Carnivora; physiology; Cell; survival; Cells; Cultured; Comparative; study; Culture; Media; Female; Male; Pentoxifylline; Sperm; Motility; Ovum; Interactions; Spermatozoa; cytology; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 190
Abstract Electroejaculates from eight snow leopards were used to determine how the motility of spermatozoa was influenced by (i) type of media (Ham's F10, PBS, human tubal fluid or RPMI-1640); (ii) holding temperature (23 degrees C versus 37 degrees C); (iii) washing of spermatozoa and (iv) a sperm metabolic enhancer, pentoxifylline. The duration of sperm motility was assessed by evaluating samples in each treatment every hour for 6 h and a sperm motility index (a value combining percentage sperm motility and rate of forward progression) calculated. Spermatozoa from the Ham's F10, PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline treatments were also co-incubated with zona-intact, domestic cat eggs that were fixed and evaluated for spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida, penetrating the outer and inner layers of the zona pellucida and within the perivitelline space. During the 6 h co-incubation, the sperm motility index in PBS with pentoxifylline was greater (P < 0.05) than in PBS alone which, in turn, was greater (P < 0.05) than in the other three test media. Washing the spermatozoa enhanced (P < 0.05) motility in both PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline relative to unwashed samples, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of holding temperature. Pentoxifylline supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) the proportion of cat eggs with bound, but not penetrated, snow leopard spermatozoa in the inner layer of the zona pellucida, and there were no spermatozoa in the perivitelline space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 253 Serial 828
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Author Roth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E.
Title Snow leopard (Panthera unica) sperm longevity in vitro is not influenced by protein or energy source supplements but is affected by buffer source Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Theriogenology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 309
Keywords genetics; Sperm; captivity; medical; medicine; veterinary; zoo; breeding; browse; 1400
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Notes Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer Society, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, January 8-10, 1995 Document Type: English Call Number: QP251 .T44 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 280 Serial 829
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Author Roth, T.L.; Armstrong, D.L.; Barrie, M.T.; Wildt, D.E.
Title Seasonal effects on ovarian responsiveness to exogenous gonadotrophins and successful artificial insemination in the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Reprod Fertil Dev Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 285-295
Keywords Animal; Carnivora; anatomy; histology; Blood; physiology; Estradiol; Female; Gonadotropins; administration; dosage; pharmacology; Chorionic; Equine; Human; Insemination; artificial; methods; veterinary; Laparoscopy; Male; Oocytes; cytology; Ovary; drug; effects; Ovulation; Induction; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Seasons; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 400
Abstract Ovaries of the seasonally-breeding snow leopard (Uncia uncia) were examined to determine whether they were responsive to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. The potential of laparoscopic artificial insemination (AI) also was assessed for producing offspring. During the non-breeding, pre-breeding, breeding and post-breeding seasons, females (n = 20) were treated with a standardized, dual- hormone regimen given intramuscularly (600 I.U. of equine chorionic gonadotrophin followed 80-84 h later with 300 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)). Laparoscopy was performed 45-50 h after administration of hCG, and all ovarian structures were described. Females with fresh corpora lutea (CL) were inseminated, and anovulatory females were subjected to follicular aspiration to examine oocyte quality. Snow leopards responded to exogenous gonadotrophins throughout the year. Mean number of total ovarian structures (distinct follicles mature in appearance plus CL) did not differ (P > or = 0.05) with season, but the proportion of CL: total ovarian structures was greater (P < 0.01) for the breeding season compared with all other seasons. The proportion of females ovulating was greater (P < 0.05) during the breeding and post-breeding seasons than during the pre-breeding and non- breeding seasons respectively. No Grade-1 quality oocytes were recovered from follicles of anovulatory females. Serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta appeared elevated in all females, and neither oestradiol-17 beta concentrations nor progesterone concentrations differed (P > or = 0.05) among seasons. Of 15 females artificially inseminated, the only one that was inseminated in the non-breeding season became pregnant and delivered a single cub. This is the first successful pregnancy resulting from AI in this endangered species.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 1031-3613 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 325 Serial 830
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Author Rothschild, B.M.; Rothschild, C.; Woods, R.J.
Title Inflammatory arthritis in large cats: An expanded spectrum of spondyloarthropathy Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Abbreviated Journal
Volume 29 Issue 3 Pages 279-284
Keywords Acinonyx-jubatus; cheetah; Felidae; Felis-concolor; mountain-lion; Felis-pardalis; ocelot; Panthera-leo; African-lion; Panthera-onca; jaguar; Panthera-pardus; leopard; Panthera-tigris; tiger; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Acinonyx; jubatus; felis; concolor; mountain; lion; pardalis; panthera; leo; african; onca; pardus; tigris; uncia; browse; 1240
Abstract Spondyloarthropathy was documented for the first time in 14 (3.7%) of 386 large cats, affecting eight species belonging to three genera. The limited distribution of joint erosions, associated with spine and sacroiliac joint pathology, was indistinguishable from that occurring in humans with spondyloarthropathy of the reactive type. This form of inflammatory arthritis is almost twice as common as osteoarthritis (for felids as a whole), and animal well-being may be enhanced by its recognition and by initiation of specific treatment.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 353 Serial 832
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Author Rowell, G.
Title China's Wildlife Lament Type Journal Article
Year 1983 Publication International Wildlife Abbreviated Journal
Volume 13 Issue 6 Pages 4-11
Keywords China; Qinghai; bounty; hunting; poaching; browse; 3200
Abstract Reports sightings of snow leopard in Qinghai Province. One freshly killed; a 15 yuan bounty exists on snow leopards
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 75 Serial 833
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Author Ryan, J.A.; Roudebush, P.; Shores, J.
Title Laryngeal obstruction associated with cuterebrosis in a snow leopard (Felis-uncia) Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Abbreviated Journal
Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 346-352
Keywords Cuterebrosis; medecine; veterinary; medical; zoo; zoos; medicine; browse; 1480
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Notes Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 160 Serial 837
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Author Saberwal, V.K.
Title Pastoral Politics:gaddi grazing, degradation and biodiversity conservation in Himachal Pradesh, India Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Conservation Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue Pages 741-749
Keywords grazing; livestock; herders; herder; conservation; biodiversity; Himachal-Pradesh; India; browse; himachal pradesh; 1980
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 290 Serial 838
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Author Salles, L.O.
Title Felid phylogenetics: Extant taxa and skull morphology (Felidae, Aeluroidae) Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication American Museum Novitates Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 3047 Pages 1-67
Keywords morphology; taxonomy; phylogeny; Uncia-uncia; cladistics; browse; Uncia uncia; uncia; 1450
Abstract relationships among extant felid taxa are controversial. A historical appraisal addresses component congruence among statements on felid phylogenetic relationships, and monophyly of generic ranks proposed for felids is discussed. Felid cranial morphology (especially the masticatory apparatus, basicranium, and rostral regions) is examined, and 44 characters are postulated for 39 taxa. Internal congruence for these characters is evaluated and 27 components are suggested. Parsimony analysis, using the successive weighting option of Hennig86, of the 44 cranial characters plus 13 other morphological features yields 29 components in a “modified Nelson” consensus cladogram. Two basal, well resolved clades are hypothesized in the total morphology analysis; under parenthetical notation the first is: (Hepailurus yagouaroundi (Puma concolor (Acinonyx jubatus (Uncia uncia (Neofelis nebulosa (Panthera tigris (P. onca, P. leo, and P. pardus)))))). The second clade is: Profelis temmincki (P. badia (Pardofelis marmorata ((Caracal caracal (Lynx rufus (L. lynx (L. pardina (L. canadensis)))) (Felis chaus (F. lybica (L. cafra (L. silvestris (F. bieti (F. nigripes (F. margarita (Octocolobus manul)))))))). Prionailurus planiceps and P. viverrina formed another group which is suggested as the basal branch of the felid phylogeny. The results in this study do not support monophyly of Leopardus Gray, 1841; Profelis Severtzon, 1858; and Prionailurus Severtzon, 1858. A better supported, more highly resolved, felid phylogenetic tree is needed.
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Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 590 Am3a Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 191 Serial 839
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Author Samant S.S.; Dhar U.; Rawal R.S.
Title Biodiversity status of a protected area in West Himalaya: Askot Wildlife Sanctuary Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication International Journal Of Sustainable Development And World Ecology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 5 Issue 3 Pages 194-203
Keywords diversity; native; endemic; agroforestry; threatened; conservation; Kumaun Himalaya; India; browse; Himalaya; 540
Abstract Biodiversity of a protected area of West Himalaya (Askot Wildlife Sanctuary) was studied and analysed for landscape, faunal and floral diversity. The forest and pasture land, ideal habitats for the flora and fauna, covered nearly 52% and 12%, respectively, of total reported area. Among the fauna Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), thar (Himitragus jemlahicus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), koklas (Pucrassia macrolophas), monal (Lophophorus impejanus) and snow cock (Tetragalus tibetanus) are threatened species. Plant diversity is represented by 1262 species of vascular plants (Angiosperm 1112, Gymnosperm 7, Pteridophytes 143 taxa). Diversity of the species within families, genera, habitats, communities and along vertical gradient zone was analysed. Maximum diversity existed in the family Orchidaceae (120 taxa), genera Polystichum (13 taxa), altitude zone (1001-2000 m; 860 taxa), habitat (forest; 623 taxa) and community (Banj oak: 92 taxa). Seventy-one families were found to be monotypic. Species were further analysed for ethnobotanical use (medicine: 70, edible: 55, fodder: 115, fuel: 31, house building: 13 etc.), domesticated diversity (crops: 19, vegetables: 26, fruits: 16),agroforestry or marginal, threatened and endemic diversity. Similarity in species composition within the habitats indicated maximum similarity in areas of shrubberies and alpine meadows/slopes (71.65%) and exposed open/grassy slopes and shady moist places (47.32%). 432 (34.2%) taxa are native to Indian Himalaya of which 24 are endemic and 235 are near endemics. 65.8% of taxa are represented in the neighbouring areas and other regions of the globe. Ten taxa occurring in the Sanctuary have been already recorded in the Red Data Book of Indian Plants. Conservation and management of species is focused.
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Notes Publisher: PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 350 Serial 841
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Author Sayer, J.A.
Title The conservation of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in Afghanistan Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages 55-61
Keywords Afghanistan; status; distribution; browse; 2490
Abstract Outlines status and distribution as well as recent sightings of snow leopard in Afganastan
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 53 Serial 849
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