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Author | Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Chundawat R.S.; Marden; Nui, Y. | ||||
Title | Preliminary Study on the Habitat Selection of Uncia uncia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 23 | Issue | Pages | 471-473 | |
Keywords | study; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Chinese; research; large; species; extinction; Felidae; central; mountains; mountain; Xinjiang; Tianshan Mountains; Altay; national; nature; reserve; fieldwork; sign; grazing; status; Test; analysis; primary; factor; topography; valley | ||||
Abstract | Uncia uncia is one of the rare large species on the brink of extinction in Felidae in the world, and inhabit only the Central Asian mountains. It is said that there are currently only 4500-7300 Uncia uncia surviving. During the period from September 2004 to July 2005, the habitat selection of Uncia uncia was investigated in some mountains in Xinjiang, including the eastern Tianshan Mountains, Beita Mountains, Altay Mounts and Mount Tumor National Nature Reserve. In several months of fieldwork, we got 171 sign samples of Uncia uncia and 123 random samples in total. Five habitat features, i.e., the elevation, topographic features, vegetation type, grazing status and ruggedness, are selected to compare the difference of selectivity of the Uncia uncia habitat selection. The Chi-square goodness-of-fit test and the binomial test are used to check the significance of Uncia uncia habitat selection, and the principal component analysis is used to find the primary factors in in the selection. The result s are as follows : (1) Uncia uncia selected all kinds of the habitat types , especially the elevation , topography , vegetation types and ruggedness ; (2) Ruggedness and the vegetation types are the preliminary factors for the habitat selection. Topography is the secondary factor ; (3) Uncia uncia prefer to inhabit in the rugged habitat s with moderate shrubberies , and they also like to leave signs in valley bottoms rather than hillsides. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in ChineseName of periodical: Arid Zone Research | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 871 | Serial | 1036 | ||
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Author | Xu, F.; Ma, M.; Wu, Y.-Q. | ||||
Title | Population density and habitat utilization of ibex in Tomur National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | densities; density; habitat; habitat utilization; ibex; national; nature; population; Population-Density; Tomur | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 867 | Serial | 1037 | ||
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Author | Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Munkhtsog, B. | ||||
Title | Autumn Habitat Selection by Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Beita Mountain, Xinjiang, China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Zoological Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 221-224 | ||
Keywords | habitat; Habitat selection; selection; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; mountain; Xinjiang; China; Chinese; Altay; mountain system; system; 30; transects; transect; surveys; survey; study; area; analysis; primary; factor; 200; 600; Base; valley; Forest; region; south; grazing; status; topography | ||||
Abstract | Habitat selection of Snow Leopard ( Unica unica) in Beita Mountain of the Altay Mountain system in northeast Xinjiang was conducted from September to October 2004. Six habitat features of 59 sites used by Snow Leopard and 30 random plots were measured by locating 15 transects surveys in the study area . Vanderploge and Scaviaps selectivity index was used to assess Snow Leopardps selection for the different habitat parameters. Principal Component Analysis was used as the primary factor . The results indicated that Snow Leopard preferred the altitude between 2000 – 2 200 m and avoided 2 600 – 3 000 m ; selected cliff base , ridgeline and avoided hillside and valley bottom ; utilized the shrub and rejected the forest ; selected the nongrazing area and avoided the slightly broken region ; preferred north orientation and rejected the south orientation. The results show that grazing status , vegetation type , topography and the ruggedness are the primary factors for the habitat selection of Snow Leopard. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Chinese | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 872 | Serial | 1039 | ||
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Author | Xuedong, X.; Jackson, R.; Zongyi, W. | ||||
Title | Herd characteristics and habitat use of a blue sheep population in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 97-104 | ||
Keywords | Nepal; prey; Qomolangma; protected-area; parks; reserves; refuge; blue-sheep; habitat; Pseudois-nayaur; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; protected area; 3480 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Notes | Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 263 | Serial | 1041 | ||
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Author | Yachontov A.A. | ||||
Title | The cats – Felidae | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1970 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 277-280 | ||
Keywords | Ussr; Felidae; snow leopard; identification features; life-history; habitats; diet; distribution.; 8580; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes Felidae family species (lion, tiger, leopard, snow leopard, lynx, cheetah): identification features, life-history characteristics, type of habitat, diet and distribution. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoology for teacher. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 835 | Serial | 1042 | ||
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Author | Yanfa, L. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard distribution, purchase locations and conservation in Qinghai Province, China | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 65-72 | ||
Keywords | conservation; Qinghai; China; scat; spray; kills; interviews; hunting; hunters; tracks; tracking; habitat; distribution; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; behavior; collection; blue; sheep; browse; 3400 | ||||
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Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 260 | Serial | 1047 | ||
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Author | Yanushevich A.I. | ||||
Title | Mammals of Kyrgyzstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1972 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 377-380 | ||
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; number; life history characteristics; practical use.; 8640; Russian | ||||
Abstract | A description of snow leopard, its taxonomy, distribution, habitat, number, behavior, food, reproduction, parasites, infections, and practical importance is given. In Kyrgyzstan, irbis was found in the Chatkal, Kyrgyz, Talas ridges, and Terskei Alatoo. An official annual snow leopard hunting rate ranged from 10 (1955) to 54 skins (in 1936) in 1930-s through 1950-s. 17 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export only in 1965-1966. Its skin has no special value and is used by local people for decoration of dwellings and making collars. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 841 | Serial | 1055 | ||
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Author | Zakhidov T.Z. | ||||
Title | Irbis (Felis uncia) Ilvrs | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1960 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 67 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; life history; practical value.; 8660; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The author provides information about snow leopard taxonomy, distribution, habitat and appearance. Biology of this animal is understudied. Snow leopard is able to make long jumps. It feeds upon ibex, wild sheep, marmots, partridge, and sometimes livestock, but never man. Gestation period is three months, at the end of May female gives birth to two or three cubs. Being very occasional, purchase of skin is of no practical value. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological encyclopedia (Mammals). | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 843 | Serial | 1068 | ||
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Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
Title | Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | N 1-4. | Issue | Pages | 184-199 | |
Keywords | Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 858 | Serial | 1087 | ||
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Author | Zhou, S. | ||||
Title | On “uncia uncia” and “meng ji” in Shan Hai Jin | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 84-87 |
Keywords | Animal; area; areas; China; Chinese; description; environment; fur; habitat; habitats; historical; meng ji; mountain; mountains; native; river; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia | ||||
Abstract | Meng ji is described in Shan Hui Jin (Classic of Mountains and Rivers) as a leopard-like animal adept in hiding with white fur and a patterned forehead. This article makes a comparison between “meng ji” and “uncia uncia” in terms of their shapes, fur colors, natural environments of habitats, habits, characteristics and native areas, and comes to the conclusion that “meng ji” is what we call “uncia uncia” nowadays. The description of “meng ji” in Shan Hui Jin should be the first record of Uncia uncia in the world. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in ChineseJournal Title: China Historical Materials of Science and Technology | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 869 | Serial | 1089 | ||
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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | Snow leopard in Mongolia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Pamphlet. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-27 | ||
Keywords | action plan, CCT, conservation, distribution, fur trade, habitat | ||||
Abstract | This documents contains a review of the snow leopard's distribution, status and habitat in Mongolia, describes threats and conservation needs of the species, and outlines presently implemented actions. Five major threats are identified: 1) Poaching 2) loss of prey 3) degradation, fragmentation and loss of habitat 4) conflict with herders 5) lack of public awareness. Actions to mitigate the five major threats are recommended and future conservation priorities are set. | ||||
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Corporate Author | WWF Mongolia Country Office & International Snow Leopard Trust | Thesis | |||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia | Editor | ||
Language | English | Summary Language ![]() |
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1112 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R., Hunter, D.O. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard Survey and conservation handbook (First edition) | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-120 | ||
Keywords | CCT, census, conservation, habitat, method, monitoring, prey, snow leopard, survey, Uncia uncia | ||||
Abstract | The objectives of this handbook (First edition) are to provide standard procedures for conducting snow leopard status and distribution surveys; suggest uniform methods for assessing the status and relative abundance of large prey species (ungulates such as blue sheep, argali, markhor, Himalayan tahr, urial, ibex, red deer, and roe deer); offer guidance in evaluating habitat quality and identifying the major environmental factors affecting species welfare; and provide standard forms for reporting the results of these field surveys, and a process for feeding information developed by the International Snow Leopard Trust into Snoe Leopard Information Management System (SLIMS). | ||||
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Corporate Author | International Snow Leopard Trust | Thesis | |||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1120 | ||
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Author | Johnsingh, A.J.T. | ||||
Title | A roadmap for conservation in Uttaranchal | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-13 | ||
Keywords | carnivores, conservation, forest, habitat, hunting, landscape, Panthera uncia, poaching, snow leopard, species, tiger, Uncia uncia, ungulates, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal | ||||
Abstract | The enchanting state of Uttaranchal, carved out of Uttar Pradesh on 9th November 2000, has a total area of ca. 53,485 km2 with a population density of 160 persons/ km2, much lower than the national average of 324/km2. This young state can take pride in the fact that 13.42% of its area is under protected areas. The state has varied landscapes: snow-capped and conifer forest covered mountains in the north, forest covered foothills with numerous perennial rivers and streams, locally known as the bhabar tract which includes the Himalayan foothills and the Shivalik range. As a result, the land is home to a variety of fascinating wildlife such as the golden mahseer (Tor putitora), king cobra (Ophiophagus hanna), Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus), great hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), bharal (Pseudois nayaur), Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), goral (Nemorhaedus goral), elephant (Elephas maximus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), leopard (P. pardus), black bear (Ursus thibetanus), and tiger (P. tigris). All across their range, most of these species are endangered. The potential of this state, with about 800 kilometers of riverine habitat, can only be surpassed by Arunachal Pradesh in terms of golden mahseer conservation. The mountains, bedecked with the scarlet flowers of rhododendron (Rhododendron arboreum) in the summer months, can be a veritable home to many forms of pheasants, mountain ungulates and carnivores, provided poaching for trade is eliminated and hunting for the pot is brought under control. The bhabar forests of this state, ca. 7,500 km2, extending between Yamuna and Sharda rivers (Fig. 1.), can easily support a population of about 1000 elephants and 200 tigers as long as this large habitat, now fragmented in three blocks, is managed and protected as one continuous habitat for wildlife. Six villages, gujjar settlements and encroachments need to be moved away from the main wildlife habitat which goes along the bhabar tract. Although the conservation of these habitats can eventually bring in immense benefits through well-planned ecotourism programmes that are rapidly catching up in the state, initial conservation efforts would need a substantial amount of funds. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1121 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L., Sinha, S.P., Chundawat, R.S. | ||||
Title | Activity patterns and habitat use of ibex in the Himalaya mountains of India | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Journal of Mammology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 527-534 |
Keywords | Capra ibex, activity patterns, habitat use, Himalaya mountains, India | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1168 | ||
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Author | Singh, N.J. | ||||
Title | Animal – Habitat relationships in high altitude rangelands | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | PhD Thesis | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 150 | ||
Keywords | high altitude, homogeneous, argali, habitat selection, resource selection function, ENFA, stratified random sampling, sexual segregation, SSAS, livestock, predation, resources | ||||
Abstract | This study conducted in the high altitude rangelands of Indian Transhimalaya, deals with basic questions regarding the ecology of an endangered species, the wildsheep Tibetan argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni) and applied issues related to its conservation and potential conflict with the local nomadic pastoralists. The basic questions on ecology are aimed at delineating the habitat and resource selection processes, identifying factors causing sexual segregation and efficient surveying and sampling. The applied aspect focuses on the changing face of pastoralism and the potential impacts of modernising livestock husbandry on argali. Overall, the study provides a general framework towards the understanding of argali-habitat relationships at different spatio-temporal scales. The spatial determinant associated with altitude in the area, predicts argali habitat and resource selection in this relatively homogenous landscape. These determine the range of other topographic variables and forage characteristics selected by argali. The selection of feeding patches in the selected range of altitude and topography is mainly characterised by their greenness and the quality of plant groups. Adjusting to changing forage quality, argali display an opportunistic feeding strategy, selecting grasses in early spring and switching to forbs later in summer. Nevertheless, the habitat selection process did not appear to differ among the sexes to drive sexual segregation. There was, however, strong segregation among the sexes as well as between lactating and non lactating females. The reasons for segregation appeared to be predominantly social, but driven ultimately by predation and concomitantly by resources. The habitat selection information was used to design a stratified random sampling strategy that led to i) a significant reduction in survey effort in sampling these sparsely distributed species and ii) reduction in sampling bias. The applied aspect of the study outlines and evaluates the dramatic changes in the nomadic pastoralism that have occurred in the past five decades in the study area. These have led to a loss of pastures (-25 to -33%) of the nomads, consequent readjustment in traditional patterns of pasture use, intensified grazing pressures (25 to 70%) and rangeland degradation in the area. Such changes may have serious consequences on the survival of local wildlife, as tested with a study of the effects on argali of livestock presence and resource exploitation. Hence, a successful conservation and recovery strategy should focus on: minimising the impacts of livestock on argali, identifying the factors affecting the persistence of the current populations, increasing local sub populations of this species to prevent extinction due to stochastic events, prevent loss of genetic diversity and excessive fragmentation and thus ensuring gene flow. Ecological Niche Factor Analyses (ENFA), bias-reduced logistic regression and Fuzzy correspondence analyses (FCA) were used to answer habitat and resource selection questions. A sexual segregation and aggregation statistic (SSAS) was used to estimate the components of sexual segregation and test segregation. SSAS combined with canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) allowed the estimation of segregation based on habitat variables. Logistic regression models were formulated to estimate models on which the stratified random sampling strategy was based. The 9 Animal – Habitat relationships in high altitude rangelands overall study also included surveys, interviews and literature reviews to understand the nomads’ movement and pasture use patterns of their livestock. Kernel density estimations (KDE) were used to estimate extent of range overlaps between livestock and argali. |
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Publisher | University of Tromsø | Place of Publication | Norway | Editor | |
Language | English | Summary Language ![]() |
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Notes | PhD Thesis | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1306 | ||
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Author | Devendra, T. & Chalise, M. | ||||
Title | Population and habitat of Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in Langtang Himalaya, Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Special issue on the occasion of 15th Wildlife Week | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 2067 | Pages | 37-46 | |
Keywords | Himalayan Thar, census, habitat characters, use | ||||
Abstract | A survey of Himalayan Thar was carried out in Langtang valley in response to the lacking of scientific information of its population status and distribution in the area. The study was carried out from Ghodatabela to Langsisa Kharka during April to June of 2003/04/2005. The area was divided into 5 survey blocks measuring 5sqkm each and study was conducted through blocks. Observed herds and individual animals were repeatedly counted and recorded. A total of 218 individuals of different age and sex Himalayan Thar were recorded during the study in 8 different herds. Three types of herds were recognized; Adult male-adult female-young (37.5%), Adult female-young (37.5%) and All adult-male (25%). Survey revealed that 50% of Thar herds were observed in 4200-4900m (Fourth block) and least (12%) were in 3700-4000m (First block), animals were not located in 3850-4200m (Third, Fifth block). Stratified random sampling was done to analyze the vegetation in their habitat and identified 26 potential plant species. The encroachment of their habitat is severe by the excessive livestock grazing and utilization for cowshed. Noticeable disturbance felt due to frequent poaching and tourist flow. The conservation of this species seems vital as it is prime prey species of Snow leopard in LNP. | ||||
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Corporate Author | Dept. of National Parks & Wildlife Cons. /Govt. of Nepal | Thesis | |||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1318 | ||
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Author | Jackson. R | ||||
Title | Fostering Community-Based Stewardship of Wildlife in Central Asia: Transforming Snow Leopards from Pests into Valued Assets | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Springer Science and Business Media | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 357-380 | ||
Keywords | Gurvan Saikhan National Park,Annapurna National Park,Nepal,Pakistan,India,Mongolia,China,Tibet,Mining,Poaching,PRA,Holistic,Community engagement,Fuel,Habitat fragmentation | ||||
Abstract | Book Title: Rangeland Stewardship in Central Asia: Balancing Improved Livelihoods, Biodiversity Conservation and Land Protection, 2012. Edited by Victor Squires. Published Springer Science+Business Media. 458 p. 91 illus., 61 in color. Addressing human–wildlife conflict is an important requisite to managing rangelands for livestock and wildlife. Despite high altitudes, aridity, and relatively low primary productivity, the rangelands of Central Asia support a rich and diverse biodiversity—including the endangered snow leopard that many herders perceive as a predator to be eliminated. Conserving this and other wildlife species requires carefully crafted interventions aimed at curbing depredation losses and/or reducing competition for forage, along with offering locally sustainable, environmentally friendly income-generating activities for supplementing pastoral household livelihoods. This is best achieved through a combination of incentives designed to foster sound rangeland and wildlife stewardship, along penalties or disincentives targeting herders who violate mutually agreed rules and regulations (including grazing norms and wildlife disturbance or poaching). When working toward the harmonious coexistence of people and wildlife, conservationists and rangeland practitioners need to seek the cooperation and build goodwill among herders and other stakeholders, including local government and private industry (especially the livestock production, mining, and tourism sectors). |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1393 | ||
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Author | Maheshwari, A., Sharma, D., Sathyakumar, S. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard (Panthera Uncia) surveys in the Western Himalayas, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Ecology and Natural Environmnet | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 303-309 |
Keywords | Conflict, Himalayas, livestock depredation, prey, snow leopard, habitat, Uttarakhand. | ||||
Abstract | We conducted surveys above 3000 m elevation in eight protected areas of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. These surveys provide new information on snow leopard in Uttarakhand on the basis of indirect evidence such as pugmark and scat. Snow leopard evidence (n = 13) were found between 3190 and 4115 m elevation. On an average, scats (n = 09) of snow leopard were found for every 56 km walked and pugmarks (n = 04) for every 126 km walked. Altogether, about 39% of the evidence were found on the hill-slope followed by valley floor (30%), cliff (15%) and 8% from both stream bed and scree slope. Genetic analysis of the scats identified three different individuals by using snow leopard specific primers. Snow leopard-human conflicts were assessed through questionnaire based interviews of shepherds from Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary and Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve areas of Uttarakhand. Surveys revealed that livestock depredation (mule, goat and sheep) is the only cause of snow leopard-human conflicts and contributed 36% of the diet of snow leopard. Blue sheep and rodents together comprised 36.4% of the total diet. We found that 68.1% of the surveyed area was used for pastoral activities in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh and 12.3% area was under tourism, defence and developmental activities. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1401 | ||
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Author | Li, J., McCarthy, T. M., Wang, H., Weckworth, B. V., Shaller, G. B., Mishra, C., Lu, Z., Beissinger, S. R | ||||
Title | Climate refugia of snow leopards in High Asia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 203 | Pages | 188-196 | |
Keywords | Snow leopard, Habitat, Climate change, Refugia, High Asia, Conservation | ||||
Abstract | Rapidwarming in High Asia is threatening its unique ecosystemand endemic species, especially the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Snow leopards inhabit the alpine zone between snow line and tree line, which contracts and expands greatly during glacier-interglacial cycles. Here we assess impacts of climate change on global snow leopard habitat from the last glacial maximum (LGM; 21 kyr ago) to the late 21st century. Based on occurrence records of snow leopards collected across all snow leopard range countries from 1983 to 2015, we built a snow leopard habitat model using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt 3.3.3k). Then we projected this model into LGM, mid-Holocene and 2070. Analysis of snow leopard habitat map from LGM to 2070 indicates that three large patches of stable habitat have persisted from the LGM to present in the Altai, Qilian, and Tian Shan-Pamir-Hindu Kush-Karakoram mountain ranges, and are projected to persist through the late 21st century. These climatically suitable areas account for about 35% of the snow leopard's current extent, are large enough to support viable populations, and should function as refugia for snow leopards to survive through both cold and warm periods. Existence of these refugia is largely due to the unique mountain environment in High Asia, which maintains a relatively constant arid or semi-arid climate. However, habitat loss leading to fragmentation in the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains, as well as increasing human activities, will present conservation challenges for snow leopards and other sympatric species. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1449 | ||
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Author | Kalashnikova, Y. A., Karnaukhov, A. S., Dubinin, M. Y., Poyarkov, A. D., Rozhnov, V. V. | ||||
Title | POTENTIAL HABITAT OF SNOW LEOPARD (PANTHERA UNCIA, FELINAE) IN SOUTH SIBERIA AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES BASED ON THE MAXIMUM ENTROPY DISTRIBUTION MODEL | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 98 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 332-342 |
Keywords | Snow leopard, irbis, Panthera uncia, Maxent, habitat model, potential habitat | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard is an endangered large felid inhabiting highlands of 12 Asian countries. It is distributed across vast territories and adequate modern methods are required for mapping its potential habitats. The goal of the present study is to create a model of snow leopard potential habitat within the northern part of its range in Russia (and adjacent territories of Mongolia, China and Kazakhstan). More than 5 years of observations (total number of presence points = 449), environmental variables and the maximum entropy distribution method (Maxent) are used. The resulting map demonstrates that a suitable habitat (probability of the animal�s presence between 0.5 and 1) of the northern population of snow leopard in Russia occupies 16500 km2 with a buffer of transient territories (probability between 0.25 and 0.49) covering 32800 km2. Most of a suitable habitat within the study area is associated with the Altai Mountains, Western Sayan Mountains, Sangilen Plateau, Tsagan-Shibetu and Shapshal. One third of the suitable habitat lies within areas of a varying protection status. The results of modeling are of importance both for scientists and conservation managers, as they allow for leopard occurrence to be predicted, supporting research on and the conservation of the species. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1480 | ||
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Author | Karnaukhov, A. S., Malykh, S. V., Korablev, M. P., Kalashnikova, Y. M., Poyarkov, A. D., Rozhnov, V. V. | ||||
Title | Current Status of the Eastern Sayan Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) Grouping and Its Nutritive Base | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Biology Bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 1106-1115 |
Keywords | Panthera uncia, Bol� shoi Sayan, Munku-Sardyk, Tunkinskie Gol� tsy, distribution area, molecular genetic analysis, modeling of potential habitats | ||||
Abstract | A field survey of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitats was carried out in the southeastern part of the Eastern Sayan Mountains (Okinskii and Tunkinskii districts of the Republic of Buryatia and the Kaa- Khemskii district of Tuva Republic). Seven or eight adult snow leopards were observed as constant inhabitants of the Tunkinskie Gol'tsy, Munku-Sardyk, and Bol'shoi Sayan mountain ridges. The presence of eight snow leopards was confirmed using DNA-based analyses of scats collected in 2014 – 2016. The main prey species of the snow leopard in Eastern Sayan is the Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica), but its abundance has steadily decreased over the past 20 years. The red deer (Cervus elaphus) and the wild boar (Sus scrofa), which were some of the most numerous ungulates in the survey area, are replacing the Siberian ibex in the snow leopard's diet. In addition, the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) is also of importance to the snow leopard's diet. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1482 | ||
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Author | Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Qasim, M., Baloch, M. N., Bohnett, E., Yang, F., Khan, I., Ahmad, B. | ||||
Title | Modelling Potential Distribution of Snow Leopards in Pamir, Northern Pakistan: Implications for Human–Snow Leopard Conflicts | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Sustainability | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 13229 | Pages | 1-15 |
Keywords | habitat fragmentation; habitat suitability; land use/cover change; Panthera uncia; MaxEnt model | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is a cryptic and rare big cat inhabiting Asia’s remote and harsh elevated areas. Its population has decreased across the globe for various reasons, includ | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1664 | ||
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Author | Sultan, H., Rashid, W., Shi, J., Rahim, I. U., Nafees, M., Bohnett, E., Rashid, S., Khan, M. T., Shah, I. A., Han, H., Ariza-Montes, A. | ||||
Title | Horizon Scan of Transboundary Concerns Impacting Snow Leopard Landscapes in Asia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | MDPI | Abbreviated Journal | Land |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 248 | Pages | 1-22 |
Keywords | collaboration; habitat; innovative solutions; integrated landscape approach; socio- ecological system; trade corridor; tourism | ||||
Abstract | The high-altitude region of Asia is prone to natural resource degradation caused by a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors that also threaten the habitat of critical top predator species, the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). The snow leopard’s landscape encompasses parts of the twelve Asian countries and is dominated by pastoral societies within arid mountainous terrain. However, no investigation has assessed the vulnerability and pathways towards long-term sustainability on the global snow leopard landscape scale. Thus, the current study reviewed 123 peer-reviewed scientific publications on the existing knowledge, identified gaps, and proposed sustainable mitigation options for the longer term and on larger landscape levels in the range countries. The natural resource degradation in this region is caused by various social, economic, and ecological threats that negatively affect its biodiversity. The factors that make the snow leopard landscapes vulnerable include habitat fragmentation through border fencing, trade corridor infrastructure, non-uniform conservation policies, human–snow leopard conflict, the increasing human population, climatic change, land use and cover changes, and unsustainable tourism. Thus, conservation of the integrated Socio-Ecological System (SES) prevailing in this region requires a multi-pronged approach. This paper proposes solutions and identifies the pathways through which to implement these solutions. The prerequisite to implementing such solutions is the adoption of cross-border collaboration (regional cooperation), the creation of peace parks, readiness to integrate transnational and cross-sectoral conservation policies, a focus on improving livestock management practices, a preparedness to control human population growth, a readiness to mitigate climate change, initiating transboundary landscape-level habitat conservation, adopting environment-friendly trade corridors, and promoting sustainable tourism. Sustainable development in this region encompasses the political, social, economic, and ecological landscapes across the borders. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1671 | ||
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Author | Li,J., Xue, Y., Hacker, C. E., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Cong, W., Jin, L., Li, G., Wu, B., Li, D., Zhang,Y. | ||||
Title | Projected impacts of climate change on snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Ecology and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | 11 | Pages | 17202-17218 | |
Keywords | adaptive strategies, habitat corridors, National park, suitable habitat, vulnerability | ||||
Abstract | Assessing species’ vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective strategies to reduce emerging climate-related threats. We used the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt model) to assess potential changes in suitable snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Qinghai Province, China, under a mild climate change scenario. Our results showed that the area of suitable snow leopard habitat in Qinghai Province was 302,821 km2 under current conditions and 228,997 km2 under the 2050s climatic scenario, with a mean upward shift in elevation of 90 m. At present, nature reserves protect 38.78% of currently suitable habitat and will protect 42.56% of future suitable habitat. Current areas of climate refugia amounted to 212,341 km2 and are mainly distributed in the Sanjiangyuan region, Qilian mountains, and surrounding areas. Our results provide valuable information for formulating strategies to meet future conservation challenges brought on by climate stress. We suggest that conservation efforts in Qinghai Province should focus on protecting areas of climate refugia and on maintaining or building corridors when planning for future species management. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1685 | ||
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Author | Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Yadong, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y. Li, D. | ||||
Title | Analysis of Conservation Gaps and Landscape Connectivity for Snow Leopard in Qilian Mountains of China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Sustainability | Abbreviated Journal | 1-13 |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 1638 | Pages | |
Keywords | national park; protection gap; landscape connectivity; habitat suitability | ||||
Abstract | Human modification and habitat fragmentation have a substantial influence on large carnivores, which need extensive, contiguous habitats to survive in a landscape. The establishment of protected areas is an effective way to offer protection for carnivore populations by buffering them from anthropogenic impacts. In this study, we used MaxEnt to model habitat suitability and to identify conservation gaps for snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Qilian Mountains of China, and then assessed the impact of highways/railways and their corridors on habitat connectivity using a graph-based landscape connectivity model. Our results indicated that the study area had 51,137 km2 of potentially suitable habitat for snow leopards and that there were four protection gaps outside of Qilian Mountain National Park. The findings revealed that the investigated highway and railway resulted in a decrease in connectivity at a regional scale, and that corridor development might enhance regional connectivity, which strengthens the capacity of central habitat patches to act as stepping stones and improve connections between western and eastern habitat patches. This study emphasized the need for assessing the impact of highways and railways, as well as their role in corridor development, on species’ connectivity. Based on our results, we provide some detailed recommendations for designing protection action plans for effectively protecting snow leopard habitat and increasing habitat connectivity. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1686 | ||
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