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| Author | Murray, D.; Kapke, C.; Evermann, J.; Fuller, T. | ||||
| Title | Infectious disease and the conservation of free-ranging large carnivores | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 2 | Issue | Pages | 241-254 | |
| Keywords | infectous disease; free ranging; browse; infectious; Disease; 80 | ||||
| Abstract | Large carnivores are of vital importance to the stability and integrity of most ecosystems, but recent declines in free-ranging populations have highlighted the potentially devastating effect of infectious diseases on their conservation. We reviewed the literature on infectious diseases of 34 large (maximum body mass of adults >20 kg) terrestrial carnivore species, 18 of which are considered to be threatened in the wild, and examined reports of antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and cases of infection, mortality and population decline. Of 52 diseases examined, 44% were viral, 31% bacterial and the remainder were protozoal or fungal. Many infections were endemic in carnivores and/or infected multiple taxonomic families, with the majority probably occurring via inhalation or ingestion. Most disease studies consisted of serological surveys for disease antibodies, and antibody detection tended to be widespread implying that exposure to micro-organisms was common. Seroprevalence was higher in tropical than temperate areas, and marginally higher for infections known to occur in multiple carnivore groups. Confirmation of active infection via micro-organism recovery was less common for ursids than other taxonomic groups. Published descriptions of disease-induced population decline or extinction were rare, and most outbreaks were allegedly the result of direct transmission of rabies or canine distemper virus (CDV) from abundant carnivore species to less-common large carnivores. We conclude that the threat of disease epidemics in large carnivores may be serious if otherwise lethal infections are endemic in reservoir hosts and transmitted horizontally among taxa. To prevent or mitigate future population declines, research efforts should be aimed at identifying both the diseases of potential importance to large carnivores and the ecological conditions associated with their spread and severity. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 356 | Serial | 708 | ||
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| Author | Myroniuk, P. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopards down under | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | 25-25 | |
| Keywords | snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; pedigree | ||||
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| Publisher | Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | Blomqvist, L. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1088 | Serial | 709 | ||
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| Author | Namgail, T.; Fox, J.; Bhatnagar, Y.V. | ||||
| Title | Habitat segregation between sympatric Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur in the Indian Trans-Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 262 | Issue | Pages | 57-63 | |
| Keywords | argali; Ovis ammon hodgsoni; blue sheep; pseudois nayaur; Habitat selection; resource partitioning; niche relationship; 5200 | ||||
| Abstract | Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur have almost completely overlapping distributions encompassing most of the Tibetan plateau and its margins. Such a sympatric distribution of related species with similar ecological requirements implies that there is some degree of resource partitioning. This may be accomplished on the basis of habitat and/or diet separation. This study evaluated such ecological separation on the basis of physical habitat partitioning by these two sympatric ungulates in Hemis High Altitude National Park, Ladakh, India, in an area where the argali established a small new population in 1978. Such separation was tested for on the basis of expected difference between the species in their proximity to cliffs, associated with species-specific anti-predator behaviour. Tibetan argali selected habitats away from cliffs while blue sheep selected habitats close to cliffs. Blue sheep also selected steep slopes whereas argali selected gentle slopes. The two species did not differ in their use of habitats in terms of elevation. They did, however, differ in their use of plant communities; blue sheep selected sub-shrub and grass-dominated communities whilst argali selected forb-dominated communities. We suggest that the two species coexist in this site as a result of the differential use of habitat associated with their species-specific anti-predator strategies. |
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| Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 505 | Serial | 710 | ||
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| Author | Namgail, T. | ||||
| Title | Interactions between argali and livestock, Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India, Final Project Report | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-39 | ||
| Keywords | Interactions; interaction; argali; livestock; Gya-Miru; wildlife; sanctuary; sanctuaries; Ladakh; India; project; Report; land-use; land use; region; indian; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya; economy; Animal; products; meat; diet; people; wool; goats; goat; International; High; recent; change; population; grazing; Pressure; pasture; impact; 2000; knowledge; primary; Chundawat; wild; area; Support; ungulate; species; fox; nature; domestic; sheep; habitat; habitat use; use; tibetan; Tibetan argali; ovis; Ovis ammon hodgsoni; ammon; reserve; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; program | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock production is the major land-use in Ladakh region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya, and is a crucial sector that drives the region's economy (Anon, 2002). Animal products like meat and milk provide protein to the diet of people, while products like wool and pashmina (soft fibre of goats) find their way to the international market. Such high utility of livestock and the recent socio-economic changes in the region have caused an increase in livestock population (Rawat and Adhikari, 2002; Anon. 2002), which, if continue apace, may increase grazing pressure and deteriorate pasture conditions. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess the impact of such escalation in livestock population on the regions wildlife. Although, competitive interaction between wildlife and livestock has been studied elsewhere in the Trans-Himalaya (Bhatnagar et al., 2000; Mishra, 2001; Bagchi et al., 2002), knowledge on this aspect in the Ladakh region is very rudimentary. The rangelands of Ladakh are characterised by low primary productivity (Chundawat & Rawat, 1994), and the wild herbivores are likely to compete with the burgeoning livestock on these impoverished rangelands (Mishra et al., 2002). Thus, given that the area supports a diverse wild ungulate assemblage of eight species (Fox et al., 1991b), and an increasing livestock population (Rawat and Adhikari, 2002), the nature of interaction between wildlife and livestock needs to be assessed. During this project, we primarily evaluated the influence of domestic sheep and goat grazing on the habitat use of Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in a prospective wildlife reserve in Ladakh. | ||||
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| Notes | Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2003. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1073 | Serial | 711 | ||
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| Author | Namgail, T.; Fox, J.; Bhatnagar, Y. | ||||
| Title | Carnivore-Caused Livestock Mortality in Trans-Himalaya | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Environmental Management | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | Pages | 490-496 | |
| Keywords | Gya-Miru; livestock depredation; Lynx; snow leopard; trans-himalaya; wolf | ||||
| Abstract | The loss of livestock to wild predators is an important livelihood concern among Trans-Himalayan pastoralists. Because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of the region, few studies have been carried out to quantify livestock depredation by wild predators. In the present study, we assessed the intensity of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia, Tibetan wolf Canis lupus chanku, and Eurasian lynx Lynx l. isabellina in three villages, namely Gya, Rumtse, and Sasoma, within the proposed Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary in Ladakh, India. The three villages reported losses of 295 animals to these carnivores during a period of 2.5 years ending in early 2003, which represents an annual loss rate of 2.9% of their livestock holdings. The Tibetan wolf was the most important predator, accounting for 60% of the total livestock loss because of predation, followed by snow leopard (38%) and lynx (2%). Domestic goat was the major victim (32%), followed by sheep (30%), yak (15%), and horse (13%). Wolves killed horses significantly more and goats less than would be expected from their relative abundance. Snow leopards also killed horses significantly more than expected, whereas they killed other livestock types in proportion to their abundance. The three villages combined incurred an estimated annual monetary loss of approximately $USD 12,120 amounting to approximately $USD 190/household/y. This relatively high total annual loss occurred primarily because of depredation of the most valuable livestock types such as yak and horse. Conservation actions should initially attempt to target decrease of predation on these large and valuable livestock species. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 924 | Serial | 712 | ||
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| Author | Namgail, T.; Fox, J.; Bhatnagar, Y. | ||||
| Title | Habitat shift and time budget of the Tibetan argali: the influence of livestock grazing | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Ecological Resources | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | Pages | 25-31 | |
| Keywords | habitat shift; livestock; Tibetan argali; Time budget; trans-himalaya | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock production is the primary source of livelihood and income in most of the high steppe and alpine regions of the Indian Trans-Himalaya. In some areas, especially those established or proposed for biodiversity conservation, recent increases in populations of domestic livestock, primarily sheep and goats, have raised concern about domestic animals competitively excluding wild herbivores from the rangelands. We evaluated the influence of domestic sheep and goat grazing on the habitat use and time budget of the endangered Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in the proposed Gya-Miru Wildlife Sanctuary, Ladakh, India. We asked if the domestic sheep and goat grazing and collateral human activities relegate the argali to suboptimal habitats, and alter their foraging time budgets. Data were collected on habitat use and time budget of a population of c. 50 argalis before and after c. 2,000 sheep and goats moved onto their winter pasture in the Tsabra catchment of the aforementioned reserve. Following the introduction of domestic sheep and goats, argalis continued to use the same catchment but shifted to steeper habitats, closer to cliffs, with lower vegetation cover, thus abandoning previously used plant communities with denser cover. Argalis' active time spent foraging also decreased by 10% in response to the presence of livestock. These results suggest a clear disturbance effect of livestock on argalis, and indicate a potential for competition, conceivably a significant disadvantage for argalis in winter when forage availability is minimal. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 926 | Serial | 713 | ||
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| Author | Namgay, K. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-5 | ||
| Keywords | 2000; 30; activities; activity; asia; Bhutan; China; conservation; dates; Dorji; field; government; habitat; habitats; India; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Jigme; Jigme-Dorji; leopard; leopards; methods; national; National-park; national park; Nepal; Pakistan; park; plan; population; populations; prey; program; programs; project; region; regional; Report; Slims; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; staff; status; strategy; Support; survey; surveys; techniques; training; trust; ungulate; us; using; wild; wildlife; work; workshop; world-wildlife-fund; world wildlife fund; Wwf | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopard conservation work in Bhutan dates back to 1999 and 2000 when the International Snow Leopard Trust-in collaboration with the Royal Government of Bhutan and World Wildlife Fund-initiated a training workshop. More than 30 government staff were trained in SLIMS survey techniques. As a part of the training exercise, a preliminary survey on snow leopard was also carried out using the SLIMS methods in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Park. Based on the survey results, we estimated there was a population of 100 snow leopards in the wild and 10,000 km2 of habitat. In 2005, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) organized the WWF/South Asia Regional Workshop on Snow leopard Conservation in Bhutan. Both regional (Bhutan, India, China, Nepal and Pakistan) and international experts revisited the snow leopard programs and developed a work plan for the overall conservation of the snow leopard in the region. This led to WWF's Regional Snow leopard Conservation Strategy. WWF is pleased to submit our final report to the International Snow Leopard Trust on the oneyear, $8,000 grant in support of Snow Leopard and Prey Population Conservation in Bhutan. With the support of the Snow Leopard Trust, we have made great strides towards achieving our goal for this project: To determine the current status of snow leopard and ungulate prey populations in prime snow leopard habitats. Major accomplishments and activities completed thanks to the generous support of the International Snow Leopard Trust include: Signed of a Terms of Reference between Royal Government, International Snow Leopard Trust – India, World Wildlife Fund and International Snow Leopard Trust -US; Developed a joint revised project work plan; and Purchased basic field supplies and equipment needed for the surveys planned. |
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| Notes | Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program, 2006. Contact Thomas Dillon (202) 778-9766 phone or email Thomas.dillon@wwfus.org | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1074 | Serial | 714 | ||
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| Author | Nardelli, F. | ||||
| Title | Keeping and breeding snow leopards at the Rare Felids Increasing Centre, Nettuno, Italy | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 63-66 | |
| Keywords | breeding; captive; felids; International; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo | ||||
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| Publisher | Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | Blomqvist, L. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1033 | Serial | 715 | ||
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| Author | Nath, A. | ||||
| Title | Some observations on wildlife in the Upper Suru/Northern Zanskar/Markha Valley of Ladakh | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 11-24 | |
| Keywords | International; Ladakh; observations; pedigree; snow leopard; valley; wildlife | ||||
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| Publisher | Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | Blomqvist, L. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1034 | Serial | 716 | ||
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| Author | Naumov S.P. | ||||
| Title | The cats – Felidae | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1950 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 315 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; Felidae; taxonomy; distribution; snow leopard.; 7720; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Description of Felidae family species (Tigris tigris, Unci uncia, Felis silvestris, Felis ocreata, Felis †udtilur…, L¢no l¢no, A¤tŒn¢o jub…tus) is given. Snow leopard inhabited in mountain ridges of Middle and Central Asia. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoology of vertebrates. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 750 | Serial | 717 | ||
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