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Author | Linnell, J.; Swenson, J.; Landa A.; and Kvam, T. | ||||
Title | Methods for monitoring European large carnivores – A worldwide review of relevant experience | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | NINA Oppdragsmelding | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 549 | Issue | Pages | 1-38 | |
Keywords | carnivore; monitoring; census; bear; Lynx; wolf; wolverine; 5310 | ||||
Abstract | Against a background of recovering large carnivore populations in Norway, and many other areas of Europe, it is becoming increasingly important to develop methods to monitor their populations. A variety of parameters can monitored depending on objectives. These parameters include: presence/absense, distribution, population trend indices, minimum counts, statistical estimates of population size, reproductive parameters and health/condition. Three broad categories of monitoring techniques can be recognised each with increasing levels of fieldwork required. The first category includes those techniques that do not require original fieldwork. The second category involves fieldwork, but where individually recognisable carnivores are not available. The third category includes methods where fieldwork has recognisable individuals available. Different mehtods tend to have been used for different species, mainly because of limitations imposed by the different species' ecology. The most precise estimates of population size have been obtained in research projects with relatively small study sites and with the help of radio-telemetry. However, it may be difficult, or impossible, to apply these methods over large monitoring areas. Therefore, in terms of practical management, a combination of minimum counts, supported by an independent index may be more useful than statistical population estimates. All methods should be subject to a careful design process, and power analysis should be conducted to determine the sensitivity of the method to detect changes. Based on the review of over 200 papers and reports we recommend a package of complementary monitoring methods for brown bear, wolverine, lynx and wolf in Norway. These include the use of observations from the public and reports of predation on livestock to determine broad patterns of distribution, and an index based on hunter observations per hunting day, for all four species. Minimum counts of reproductive units, natal dens, family groups, and packs, should be obtained from snow-tracking for wolverines, lynx and wolves respectively. In addition a track-count index should be obtained for wolverines and lynx. As much data as possible should be obtained of lynx and wolvereines killed in the annual harvest. Brown bears will be difficult to monitor without the use of radio-telemetry, therfore they may require periodic telemetry based, mark-recapture studies. Such a program can easily be constructed within existing central and regional wildlife management structures, but will require extensive involvement from hunters. |
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 516 | Serial | 622 | ||
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Author | Mishra, C.; Bagchi, S. | ||||
Title | Living with large carnivores: predation on livestock by the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
Keywords | large; carnivores; carnivore; predation; livestock; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia | ||||
Abstract | Livestock predation by large carnivores and their retaliatory persecution by pastoralists are worldwide conservation concerns. Poor understanding of the ecological and social underpinnings of this human-wildlife conflict hampers effective conflict management programs. The endangered snow leopard Uncia uncia is involved in conflict with people across its mountainous range in South and Central Asia, where pastoralism is the predominant land use, and is widely persecuted in retaliation. We examined human-snow leopard conflict at two sites in the Spiti region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya, where livestock outnumber wild ungulates, and the conflict is acute. We quantified the snow leopard's dependence on livestock by assessing its diet in two sites that differed in the relative abundance of livestock and wild ungulates. We also surveyed the indigenous Buddhist community's attitudes towards the snow leopard in these two sites. Our results show a relatively high dependence of snow leopards on livestock. A higher proportion of the snow leopard's diet (58%) was livestock in the area with higher livestock (29.7 animals km^2) and lower wild ungulate abundance (2.1-3.1 bharal Pseudois nayaurkm^2), compared with 40% of diet in the area with relatively lower livestock (13.9km^2) and higher wild ungulate abundance (4.5-7.8 ibex Capra ibexkm^2). We found that the community experiencing greater levels of livestock losses was comparatively more tolerant towards the snow leopard. This discrepancy is explained by the presence of a conservation-incentive program at the site, and by differences in economic roles of livestock between these two communities. The former is more dependent on cash crops as a source of income while the latter is more dependent on livestock, and thereby less tolerant of the snow leopard. These data have implications for conflict management strategies. They indicate that the relative densities of livestock and wild prey may be reasonable predictors of the extent of predation by the snow leopard. However, this by itself is not an adequate measure of the intensity of conflict even in apparently similar cultural settings. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 862 | Serial | 696 | ||
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Author | Mishra, C.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Datta, A. | ||||
Title | Mammals of the high altitudes of western Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: an assessment of threats and conservation needs | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 40 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-7 |
Keywords | anthropogenic; area; Arunachal; assessment; awareness; bharal; biodiversity; carnivore; carnivores; community; community-based; conservation; deer; depredation; dhole; endangered; extinct; fauna; goral; grazing; habitat; habitats; High; Himalaya; hunting; incentives; India; indian; Iucn; leopard; livestock; livestock-depredation; livestock depredation; local; mammals; musk; musk-deer; nayaur; panthera; people; peoples; plant; plants; potential; Pseudois; Pseudois-nayaur; pseudois nayaur; range; recent; region; Report; reserve; resource; schools; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; survey; surveys; threat; threatened; threats; tiger; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; ungulate; ungulates; valley; wildlife; work; Panthera-tigris; tigris | ||||
Abstract | The high altitudes of Arunachal Pradesh,India, located in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, remain zoologically unexplored and unprotected. We report results of recent mammal surveys in the high altitude habitats of western Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 35 mammal species (including 12 carnivores, 10 ungulates and 5 primates) were recorded, of which 13 are categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. One species of primate, the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala, is new to science and the Chinese goral Nemorhaedus caudatus is a new addition to the ungulate fauna of the Indian subcontinent. We documented peoples' dependence on natural resources for grazing and extraction of timber and medicinal plants. The region's mammals are threatened by widespread hunting. The snow leopard Uncia uncia and dhole Cuon alpinus are also persecuted in retaliation for livestock depredation. The tiger Panthera tigris, earlier reported from the lower valleys, is now apparently extinct there, and range reductions over the last two decades are reported for bharal Pseudois nayaur and musk deer Moschus sp.. Based on mammal species richness, extent of high altitude habitat, and levels of anthropogenic disturbance, we identified a potential site for the creation of Arunachal's first high altitude wildlife reserve (815 km2). Community-based efforts that provide incentives for conservation-friendly practices could work in this area, and conservation awareness programmes are required, not just amongst the local communities and schools but for politicians, bureaucrats and the army. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 861 | Serial | 697 | ||
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Author | Maheshwari, A., Midha, N.,Chehrukupalli, A. | ||||
Title | Participatory Rural Appraisal and Compensation Intervention: Challenges and Protocols While Managing Large Carnivore–Human Conflict | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 19 | Issue | Pages | 62-71 | |
Keywords | PRA, large carnivores–human conflict, compensation, livestock depredation, data collection protocols | ||||
Abstract | When large carnivores cause socioeconomic losses in a community, conflict increases, retaliatory killing of the carnivore can occur, and conservation efforts are undermined. We focused on Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and economic compensation schemes as approaches for managing conflict. PRA is a tool for collecting data on the large carnivore–human conflict and economic compensation schemes for those affected negatively by carnivore presence. We reviewed published papers and reports on large carnivore–human conflicts, PRA, and compensation schemes. This article details insights into common pitfalls, key lessons learned, possible solutions including new approaches for compensation and protocols to be followed while managing large carnivore–human conflict. We hope to contribute to a meaningful dialogue between locals, managers, and researchers and help in effective implementation of conservation programs to mitigate large carnivore–human conflict around the protected areas. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1404 | ||
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Author | Sokov A.I. | ||||
Title | About rare carnivores of Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 97-102 | ||
Keywords | Tajikistan; Pamir; conservation; rare species; carnivores; distribution; number; snow leopard.; 8210; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The data on distribution of 10 species of rare carnivores in Tajikistan are given. Uncia uncia uncia inhabits in high mountain regions of Central Tajikistan and Mountain-Badakhshan province. Tajikistan has banned the hunting of snow leopard since 1968. Author proposes to establish of nature reserves in Eastern Pamir in Aksay and Modur, in basin of Istyk river as well as in area from Matcha village to Zeravshan glacier including Southern Turkestan ridge and Northern Zeravshan ridge for purpose of snow leopard conservation. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of USSR fauna. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 799 | Serial | 912 | ||
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Author | Sokov A.I. | ||||
Title | Environmental prerequisites for protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals in Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol. 3. | Issue | Pages | 27-29 | |
Keywords | Tajikistan; Red Data book; rare species; carnivores; large predators; brown bear; hyena; tiger; leopard; Lynx; snow leopard; decline; protection; sustainable use.; 8220; Russian | ||||
Abstract | In Tajikistan it is necessary to preserve big predators listed in the Red Book, such as Uncia uncia, Ursus arctos isabellinus, Hyaena hyaena, Felis lynx isabellina, Panthera pardus ciscaucasica. An anthropogenic influence has resulted in the species' habitat shrinkage, deficit of food, disturbance of trophic interactions. It is necessary to restore a tiger population in the Tigrovaya Balka nature reserve, and resolve the issue of protection and sustainable use of commercial predatory species. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of IV Congress of all-Union mammalists' society. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 800 | Serial | 913 | ||
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Author | Sosnovskiy I.P. | ||||
Title | Backstage of the Zoo | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1981 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 52-79 | ||
Keywords | Russia; Moscow Zoo; zootechnik service; veterinary service; reptiles; birds; mammals; carnivores; snow leopard.; 8300; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes the Moscow Zoo services organization in a popular form; examples from every day work of the technical staff and zoo technical and veterinary service, animals' behaviour outside the cages are given. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Live museums. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 808 | Serial | 916 | ||
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Author | Vashetko E.V. | ||||
Title | On the fauna of terrestrial vertebrates inhabiting Hissar Nature Reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue 1. | Issue | Pages | 35-43 | |
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Hissar nature reserve; fauna; vertebrates; amphibians; reptiles; mammals; lizards; snakes; insectivores; bats; carnivores; ungulates; rodents; lagomorphs; species composition; biodiversity assessment; snow leopard.; 8460; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The data on the species composition, numbers and distribution of the terrestrial vertebrates over territory Hissar nature reserve are discussed. About 60 species of amphibians, reptiles and mammals have been recorded in the reserve as a result of our own researches and the analyses of communication. There were recorded 5-7 individuals of snow leopard in Kyzylsu site of nature reserve and 15 individuals in Miraki site of nature reserve in 1979-1981. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Proceeding of Nature Reserves in Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 823 | Serial | 981 | ||
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Author | Zakirov A. | ||||
Title | Rare and endangered predatory species in Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1982 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 47-48 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; carnivores; endangered species; snow leopard.; 8690; Russian | ||||
Abstract | There are 20 predatory mammal species in Uzbekistan. Tien Shan brown bear, marbled polecat, lynx, and snow leopard are very rare species, while honey badger, manul and leopard are close to dying-away. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology of mountain mammals. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 846 | Serial | 1071 | ||
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Author | Chapron, G. | ||||
Title | Re-wilding: other projects help carnivores stay wild | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 437 | Issue | Pages | 318 | |
Keywords | Acinonyx jubatus, carnivore, coexistence, conservation, damage prevention, Panthera leo, snow leopard, survival, Uncia uncia | ||||
Abstract | Letter to Nature Editor, in response to: In their plea for bringing Pleistocene wildlife to the New World (“Re-wilding North America” Nature 436, 913–914; 2005), Josh Donlan and colleagues do not discuss successful efforts to ensure long-term survival of large carnivores in Africa and Asia. A few examples are given. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1114 | ||
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