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Author Pal, R., Panwar, A., Goyal, S. P., Sathyakumar, S.
Title Changes in ecological conditions may influence intraguild competition: inferring interaction patterns of snow leopard with co-predators Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication PeerJ Abbreviated Journal
Volume 10 Issue e14277 Pages 1-26
Keywords Common leopard, Woolly wolf, Occupancy, Interspecific interactions, Temporal overlap, Scat analysis
Abstract Background: Large-scale changes in habitat conditions due to human modifications and climate change require management practices to consider how species communities can alter amidst these changes. Understanding species interactions across the gradient of space, anthropogenic pressure, and season provide the opportunity to anticipate possible dynamics in the changing scenarios. We studied the interspecific interactions of carnivore species in a high-altitude ecosystem over seasonal (summer and winter) and resource gradients (livestock grazing) to assess the impact of changing abiotic and biotic settings on coexistence.

Methods: The study was conducted in the Upper Bhagirathi basin, Western Himalaya, India. We analyzed around 4 years of camera trap monitoring data to understand seasonal spatial and temporal interactions of the snow leopard with common leopard and woolly wolf were assessed in the greater and trans-Himalayan habitats, respectively. We used two species occupancy models to assess spatial interactions, and circadian activity patterns were used to assess seasonal temporal overlap amongst carnivores. In addition, we examined scats to understand the commonalities in prey selection.

Results: The result showed that although snow leopard and wolves depend on the same limited prey species and show high temporal overlap, habitat heterogeneity and differential habitat use facilitate co-occurrence between these two predators. Snow leopard and common leopard were spatially independent in the summer. Conversely, the common leopard negatively influences the space use of snow leopard in the winter. Limited prey resources (lack of livestock), restricted space (due to snow cover), and similar activity patterns in winter might result in strong competition, causing these species to avoid each other on a spatial scale. The study showed that in addition to species traits and size, ecological settings also play a significant role in deciding the intensity of competition between large carnivores. Climate change and habitat shifts are predicted to increase the spatial overlap between snow leopard and co-predators in the future. In such scenarios, wolves and snow leopards may coexist in a topographically diverse environment, provided sufficient prey are available. However, shifts in tree line might lead to severe competition between common leopards and snow leopards, which could be detrimental to the latter. Further monitoring of resource use across abiotic and biotic environments may improve our understanding of how changing ecological conditions can affect resource partitioning between snow leopards and predators.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1701
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Author Vipin, Golla, T. R., Sharma, V., Kumar, B. K., Gaur, A.
Title Kleptoparasitic interaction between Snow Leopard Panthera uncia and Red Fox Vulpes vulpes suggested by circumstantial evidence in Pin Valley National Park, India Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication Journal of Threatened Taxa Abbreviated Journal
Volume 14 Issue 10 Pages 21928-21935
Keywords Animal interaction, carnivore, mammals, prey, Trans-Himalaya.
Abstract In the present study, we describe an interspecific kleptoparasitic interaction between two sympatric mammalian carnivores in the high altitudinal Trans-Himalaya region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study was based on the inferences drawn from the circumstantial evidence (direct and indirect) noticed in the study area in Pin Valley National Park. The inferences from the analysis of the evidence suggested the interaction between a Snow Leopard Panthera uncia, a Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, and a donkey. The arrangement of evidence in a sequential manner suggested that a donkey was killed by a Snow Leopard and a Red Fox stole the food from the carrion of the Snow Leopard’s prey. The Red Fox was killed by the Snow Leopard, which was caught while stealing. The present study represents an example of kleptoparasitic interaction between the Snow Leopard and the Red Fox. This study also proves that such interactions may cost the life of a kleptoparasite and supports the retaliation behaviour of Snow Leopards.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1702
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Author Blomqvist, L.
Title The 1980 annual report of the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population and a review at the breeding results during the 1970's Type Report
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 32-50
Keywords zoo; Report; 1980; captive; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; population; breeding; 1970
Abstract
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Publisher Helsinki Zoo Place of Publication Helsinki Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title (up) Helsinki Zoo Annual Report Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 998 Serial 154
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Author Blomqvist, L.; Rieger, I.
Title Snow leopard references Type Journal Article
Year 1978 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 153-160
Keywords International; pedigree; snow leopard
Abstract
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title (up) International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 960 Serial 143
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Author Blomqvist, L.; Nystrom, V.
Title On identifying snow leopards, Panthera uncia, by their facial markings Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 159-167
Keywords facial markings; International; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; pedigree; snow leopard
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title (up) International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 959 Serial 149
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Author Blomqvist, L.
Title The 1981 annual report of the captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) population Type Report
Year 1982 Publication International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 41-47
Keywords captive; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; pedigree; population; snow leopard
Abstract
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title (up) International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume 3 Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 956 Serial 155
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Author Gripenberg, U.
Title Comparison of chromosome banding patterns in the snow leopard (Panthera uncial) and in other felids Type Unsupported: Serial (Book, Monograph)
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 135-138
Keywords Banding; Chromosome; felids; International; patterns; pedigree; snow leopard
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title (up) International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue 3 Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 966 Serial 353
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Author Harder, T.; Toropova, V.
Title Snow leopard conservation in Kyrghyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) Type Report
Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-1
Keywords conservation; Iucn; Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IUCN (The World Conservation Union) Place of Publication Editor Kovshar, A.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title (up) IUCN (The World Conservation Union) Newsletter Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 967 Serial 370
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