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Author | Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M. | ||||
Title | Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Zoo Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 223-237 |
Keywords | Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390 | ||||
Abstract | An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 279 | Serial | 345 | ||
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Author | Green, M.J.B. | ||||
Title | Protected areas and snow leopards: their distribution and status | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1987 | Publication | Tiger Paper | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1-10 |
Keywords | Central Asia; conserve; conserving; distribution; endangered species; network; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; protected; protected-area; protected areas; snow leopard; status; protected area; protected-areas; areas; area; snow; snow leopards; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; symposium; India | ||||
Abstract | Considerable efforts have been devoted to conserving the snow leopard Panthera uncia in recent years, but progress has inevitably been slow due to the difficulties of studying a sparsely distributed, secretive and endangered species in often isolated mountainous terrain. Although knowledge about the species overall distribution in the highlands of Central Asia still remains fragmenatry, it is important to briefly examine all the available information in order to review measures taken to date to conserve the species through the protected areas network. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution and status of protected areas inhabited or visited by snow leopard in relation to the species' distribution and highlight deficiences in the present network. | ||||
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Notes | Presented at 5th International Snow Leopard Symposium held in Srinagar, India, from 13-15 October 1986. Also published in conference proceedings. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 965 | Serial | 347 | ||
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Author | Guerrero, D. | ||||
Title | Animal behavior concerns & solutions: snow leopard (Uncia uncia) evaluation, zoo | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Anim.Keepers' Forum | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 25 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 56-58 |
Keywords | aggressive-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; diets; endangered; threatened-species; genetics; handling-methods; intraspecies-relationships; social-behavior; husbandry; zoos; snow leopard; aggressive; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; methods; intraspecies; relationships; social; browse; 1310 | ||||
Abstract | The author offers advice on how a captive-raised snow leopard cub could be acclimated to humans so it could be used as a zoo “ambassador”. The cub had negative experiences with humans and lacked socialization with other animals and conspecifics. Methods of avoiding and redirecting the cub's aggressive behavior are suggested. lgh. | ||||
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Notes | Ark Anim., Inc., P.O. Box 1154, Escondido, CA 92033-1154. e-mail: arkabc@arkanimals.com Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 338 | Serial | 358 | ||
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Author | Guggisberg, C.A.W. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard, Ounce | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1975 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | snow-leopard; ounce; history; discovery; taxonomy; snow leopard; browse; 1650 | ||||
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Publisher | Taplinger Publication Co. Inc. | Place of Publication | New York | Editor | |
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Notes | A general brief history of the snow leoaprd ProCite field [32]: Wild Cats of the World | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 29 | Serial | 359 | ||
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Author | Gundersen, S.; Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard in Nepal | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-24 | ||
Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Nepal; Wwf; program; Support; parks; park; wildlife; conservation; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust | ||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | Gundersen, S. | ||
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Notes | WWF Nepal Program prepared booklet with support of Department of Natural Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal, and the International Snow Leopard Trust. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1002 | Serial | 361 | ||
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Author | Habibi, K. | ||||
Title | The Mammals of Afghanistan: Their Distribution and Status | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1977 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | Afghanistan; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 2470 | ||||
Abstract | Notes personal sighting and several reports of other recent sightings of snow leopard in Afganastan. Some comments on its distribution in the country | ||||
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Notes | UNDP/FAO Project Field Document AFG/74/016, Kabul. Date of Copyright: 1977 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 34 | Serial | 367 | ||
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Author | Halemba, A.; Donahoe, B. | ||||
Title | Local perspectives on hunting and poaching: Research report for WWF Russia Altai-Saian Ecoregion | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | WWF Report | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-34 | ||
Keywords | attitudes; hunting; poaching; Russia; snow leopard; Wwf; local; research; Report; attitude; region; snow; snow-leopard; leopard | ||||
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Notes | WWF Russia released a report in English by Agnieszka Halemba of the University of Leipzigand Brian Donahoe of the Max Planck Institute on attitudes toward hunting and poaching in the Altai-Sayan region, including some material on attitudes toward snow leopard hunting. The report can be downloaded at http://www.wwf.ru/altay/eng/. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 942 | Serial | 369 | ||
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Author | Helman, R.G.; Russell, W.C.; Jenny, A.; Miller, J.; Payeur, J. | ||||
Title | Diagnosis of tuberculosis in two snow leopards using polymerase chain reaction | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 10 | Issue | Pages | 89-92 | |
Keywords | Disease; Mycobacterium; skin; snow leopard; zoo | ||||
Abstract | The incidence of tuberculosis in zoological animal collections is low, and the disease is monitored through skin testing primarily in primates and artiodactylids.15,16 Other exotic animals are clearly at risk; tuberculosis has been described in elephants (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis), rhinoceros (M. bovis), felids (M. bovis), foxes (M. bovis), birds (M. avium complex, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis), and reptiles, amphibians, and fish (cryophilic Mycobacterium species). 1,2,4,6,8-10,13,14,17 Mycobacterial infections in mammals and birds serve as a potential source of disease that can spread to other animals and to humans.7,15,16 In humans, M. bovis and M. tuberculosis are the most important mycobacteria in the USA. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 888 | Serial | 381 | ||
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Author | Hunter, D. | ||||
Title | Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 26 | Issue | Pages | 15-16 | |
Keywords | asia; Mongolia; panthera uncia; endangered; threatened species; mammals; study methods; techniques; telemetry; snow leopard project; distribution; Gobi Desert; threatened; species; snow; leopard; snow-leopard; project; study; methods; panthera; uncia; browse; 630 | ||||
Abstract | A snow leopard project is underway to study snow leopards in Mongolia. The project, called the Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project, involves the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Mongolian Association for the Conservation of Nature and Environment, the National Geographic Society, the Mongolian Ministry of Nature and the Environment, the U.S. National Biological Service, and the International Snow Leopard Trust. The objective of the study is to survey the distribution and status of Mongolia's snow leopards, including those living in the Gobi Desert. klf. | ||||
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Notes | AUTHOR ADDRESS: Natl. Biol. Surv., MESC, 4512 McMurray Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80525-3400, NOTES: reprinted from: Snow Line (Intl. Snow Leopard Trust) Vol. XIV, 1996. Document Type: English Call Number: WR97-008333 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 310 | Serial | 392 | ||
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Author | Hussain, S. | ||||
Title | Protecting the snow leopard and enhancing farmers' livelihoods: A pilot insurance scheme in Baltistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Mountain-Research-and-Development. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 20 | Issue | Pages | 226-231 | |
Keywords | Uncia-uncia; snow-leopard; Felidae; protection; Human; Hominidae; farmer; livestock; Mammalia; Project-snow-leopard; economic-evaluation; ecotourism-activities; farmer-livelihood; insurance-scheme; mountain-livelihood; retaliatory-killings; snow leopard; browse; Uncia uncia; uncia; project snow leopard; economic evaluation; evaluation; economic; ecotourism activities; ecotourism; activities; farmer livelihood; livelihood; mountain livelihood; mountain; retaliatory killings; retaliatory; killings; 20 | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards that prey on poor farmers' livestock pose a twofold problem: they endanger farmers' precarious mountain livelihoods as well as the survival of the snow leopard as a unique species since farmers engage in retaliatory killings. Project Snow Leopard (PSL), a recent pilot initiative in Baltistan, involves a partnership between local farmers and private enterprise in the form of an insurance scheme combined with ecotourism activities. Farmers jointly finance the insurance scheme through the payment of premiums per head of livestock they own, while the remaining funds are provided by profits from trekking expeditions focusing on the snow leopard. The insurance scheme is jointly managed by a village management committee and PSL staff. The scheme is structured in such a way that villagers monitor each other and have incentives to avoid cheating the system. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English Call Number: Call number: GB500 .M68 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 389 | Serial | 399 | ||
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Author | Jack, R. | ||||
Title | DNA Testing and GPS positioning of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) genetic material in the Khunjerab National Park Northern Areas, Pakistan | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-15 | ||
Keywords | project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; network; conservation; program; Dna; Gps; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Khunjerab; Khunjerab-National-Park; national; national park; National-park; park; areas; area; Pakistan; protection; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; local; local people; people; information; number; range; Animals; Animal; study; distribution; management; professional; techniques; capture; use; field; country; China; border; work; art; Gis; Forest; manage; Wwf; maps; map; location; training; research; mountain | ||||
Abstract | The protection of Snow Leopards in the remote and economically disadvantaged Northern Areas of Pakistan needs local people equipped with the skills to gather and present information on the number and range of individual animals in their area. It is important for the success of a conservation campaign that the people living in the area are engaged in the conservation process. Snow Leopards are elusive and range through inhospitable terrain so direct study is difficult. Consequently the major goals for this project were twofold, to gather information on snow leopard distribution in this area and to train local university students and conservation management professionals in the techniques used for locating snow leopards without the need to capture or even see the animals. This project pioneered the use of DNA testing of field samples collected in Pakistan to determine the distribution of snow leopards and to attempt to identify individuals. These were collected in and around that country's most northerly national park, the Kunjurab National Park, which sits on the Pakistan China border. Though the Northern Areas is not a well developed part of Pakistan, it does possess a number of institutions that can work together to strengthen snow leopard conservation. The first of these is a newly established University with students ready to be trained in the skills needed. Secondly WWF-Pakistan has an office in the main town and a state of the art GIS laboratory in Lahore and already works closely with the Forest Department who manage the national park. All three institutions worked together in this project with WWF providing GIS expertise, the FD rangers, and the university students carrying out the laboratory work. In addition in the course of the project the University of the Punjab in Lahore also joined the effort, providing laboratory facilities for the students. As a result of this project maps have been produced showing the location of snow leopards in two areas. Preliminary DNA evidence indicates that there is more than one animal in this relatively small area, but the greatest achievement of this project is the training and experience gained by the local students. For one student this has been life changing. Due to the opportunities provided by this study the student, Nelofar gained significant scientific training and as a consequence she is now working as a lecturer and research officer for the Center for Integrated Mountain Research, New Campus University of the Punjab, Lahore Pakistan |
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Notes | Project funded by Snow Leopard Network's Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1067 | Serial | 427 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | SSC Plan for Snow Leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 201 | Serial | 450 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Community Participation: Tools and Examples | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | ||
Keywords | community; workshop; wildlife; India; us; Himalayan; biodiversity; project; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; management; planning; trans-himalayan; transhimalayan; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; 2000; leh; Ladakh | ||||
Abstract | In response to dwindling wildlife populations and habitat, governments established national parks and protected areas, often with little input from people living in the immediate area. In some cases communities were relocated, but in most they are left to pursue traditional agricultural and pastoral livelihoods under a new set of rules. Important questions of land tenure remained unresolved, with a “fences and fines” approach to protected area management (Stolton and Dudley 1999). | ||||
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Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | Management Planning Workshop for the Trans-Himalayan Protected Areas, 25-29 August, 2000, Leh, Ladak | ||
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Notes | Workshop sponsored by the Wildlife Institute of India, US Fish and Wildlife Service Himalayan Biodiversity project, andInternational Snow Leopard Trust | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1020 | Serial | 467 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Wangchuk, R. | ||||
Title | A Community-Based Approach to Mitigating Livestock Depredation by Snow Leopards | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Human Dimensions of Wildlife | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 9 | Issue | Pages | 307-315 | |
Keywords | snow leopard,depredation,human-wildlife conflict,participatory planning,India; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; Himalayan; protected; protected areas; protected area; protected-areas; protected-area; areas; area; attack; sheep; goats; goat; local; villagers; community-based; conservation; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; India; conflict; pens; income; participatory; strategy; planning; sense; project; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; protection; retaliatory; poaching | ||||
Abstract | Livestock depredation by the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is an increasingly contentious issue in Himalayan villages, especially in or near protected areas. Mass attacks in which as many as 100 sheep and goats are killed in a single incident inevitably result in retaliation by local villagers. This article describes a community-based conservation initiative to address this problem in Hemis National Park, India. Human-wildlife conflict is alleviated by predator-proofing villagers' nighttime livestock pens and by enhancing household incomes in environmentally sensitive and culturally compatible ways. The authors have found that the highly participatory strategy described here (Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action-APPA) leads to a sense of project ownership by local stakeholders, communal empowerment, self-reliance, and willingness to co-exist with snow leopards. The most significant conservation outcome of this process is the protection from retaliatory poaching of up to five snow leopards for every village's livestock pens that are made predator-proof. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 890 | Serial | 471 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Pakistan's Community-based Trophy Hunting Programs and Their Relationship to Snow Leopard Conservation | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | Pakistan; community-based; hunting; programs; program; Relationship; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; network | ||||
Abstract | In June-July 2004, the Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) recently conducted field visits to three important snow leopard sites in Pakistan's Northern Areas: Hushey and Skoyo villages in Baltistan and the Khunjerab Village Organization (KVO) in Gojal. The purpose was to launch environmentally appropriate small-scale, village-based conservation and depredation alleviation initiatives aimed at protecting snow leopards, prey species, their habitats and associated mountain biodiversity, while benefiting humans at the same time. | ||||
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Notes | For consideration by The Snow Leopard Network (SLN) Committee on Position Statements | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1024 | Serial | 472 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. | ||||
Title | Camera-Trapping of Snow Leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 42 | Issue | Spring | Pages | 19-21 |
Keywords | camera trapping; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; felids; tigers; tiger; techniques; surveys; survey; information; factor; marking; behavior; Ahlborn; Jackson; habitat; status; range; census; India; Hemis; High; national; national park; National-park; park; Ladakh; leh | ||||
Abstract | Solitary felids like tigers and snow leopards are notoriously difficult to enumerate, and indirect techniques like pugmark surveys often produce ambiguous information that is difficult to interpret because many factors influence marking behavior and frequency (Ahlborn & Jackson 1988). Considering the snow leopard's rugged habitat, it is not surprising then that information on its current status and occupied range is very limited. We adapted the camera-trapping techniques pioneered by Ullas Karanth and his associates for counting Bengal tigers to the census taking of snow leopards in the Rumbak watershed of the India's Hemis High Altitude National Park (HNP), located in Ladakh near Leh (76ø 50' to 77ø 45' East; 33ø 15' to 34ø 20'North). | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1017 | Serial | 475 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. | ||||
Title | Estimating Snow Leopard Population Abundance Using Photography and Capture-Recapture Techniques | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Wildlife Society Bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 34 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 772-781 |
Keywords | abundance; camera trapping; capture rates; dentistry; identification; India; photography; snow leopard; Uncia uncia | ||||
Abstract | Conservation and management of snow leopards (Uncia uncial) has largely relied on anecdotal evidence and presence-absence data due to their cryptic nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit. These methods generally lack the scientific rigor necessary to accurately estimate population size and monitor trends. We evaluated the use of photography in capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques for estimating snow leopard population abundance and density within Hemis National Park, Ladakh, India. We placed infrared camera traps along actively used travel paths, scent-sprayed rocks, and scrape sites within 16-30 kmý sampling grids in successive winters during January and March 2003-2004. We used head-on, oblique, and side-view camera configurations to obtain snow leopard photographs at varying body orientations. We calculated snow leopard abundance estimates using the program CAPTURE. We obtained a total of 66 and 49 snow leopard captures resulting in 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap nights during 2003 and 2004, respectively. We identified snow leopards based on the distinct pelage patters located primarily on the forelimbs, flanks, and dorsal surface of the tail. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.67. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 (SE+0.22) individuals per 100 kmý in 2003 to 4.45 (SE+0.16) in 2004. We believe the density disparity between years is attributable to different trap density and placement rather than to an actual decline in population size. Our results suggest that photographic capture-mark-recapture sampling may be a useful tool for monitoring demographic patterns. However, we believe a larger sample size would be necessary for generating a statistically robust estimate of population density and abundance based on CMR models. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 912 | Serial | 476 | ||
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Author | Jain, N.; Wangchuk, R.; Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | An Assessment of CBT and Homestay Sites in Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-14 | ||
Keywords | assessment; Himachal; himachal pradesh; Himachal-Pradesh; United; Organization; survey; Report; activities; activity; mountain; Tmi; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; Snow Leopard Conservancy; leopard; Ladakh; States; India; Himalayan; program; conservation; local; livelihood; asia | ||||
Abstract | The survey described in this report builds upon prior CBT activities undertaken by The Mountain Institute (TMI) in partnership with the Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) in Ladakh, supported by a grant from UNESCO (with co-financing from SLC). Under the evolving concept of “Himalayan Homestays”, initially developed and tested in Ladakh, it is proposed that activities be expanded to selected states in India in a strategic and effective way. Himalayan Homestays are part of a larger integrated program to link snow leopard conservation with local livelihoods in Asia. | ||||
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Notes | Supported by: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1019 | Serial | 483 | ||
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Author | Janecka; J.E.; Jackson, R.; Yuquang, Z.; Diqiang, L.; Munkhtsog, B.; Buckley-Beason, V.; Murphy, W.J. | ||||
Title | Population monitoring of snow leopards using noninvasive collection of scat samples: a pilot study | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 11 | Issue | Pages | 401-411 | |
Keywords | snow leopard; genetics; scat; noninvasive; survey. | ||||
Abstract | The endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in rugged, high-altitude regions of Central Asia. However, information on the status of this felid is limited in many areas. We conducted a pilot study to optimize molecular markers for the analysis of snow leopard scat samples and to examine the feasibility of using noninvasive genetic methods for monitoring this felid. We designed snow leopard-specific primers for seven microsatellite loci that amplified shorter segments and avoided flanking sequences shared with repetitive elements. By redesigning primers we maximized genotyping success and minimized genotyping errors. In addition, we tested a Y chromosome-marker for sex identification and designed a panel of mitochondrial DNA primers for examining genetic diversity of snow leopards using scat samples. We collected scats believed to be from snow leopards in three separate geographic regions including north-western India, central China and southern Mongolia. We observed snow leopard scats in all three sites despite only brief 2-day surveys in each area. There was a high rate of species misidentification in the field with up to 54% of snow leopard scats misidentified as red fox. The high rate of field misidentification suggests sign surveys incorporating scat likely overestimate snow leopard abundance. The highest ratio of snow leopard scats was observed in Ladakh (India) and South Gobi (Mongolia), where four and five snow leopards were detected, respectively. Our findings describe a species-specific molecular panel for analysis of snow leopard scats, and highlight the efficacy of noninvasive genetic surveys for monitoring snow leopards. These methods enable large-scale noninvasive studies that will provide information critical for conservation of snow leopards. | ||||
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Notes | Supplemental information may be found at http:snowleopardnetwork.org/bibliography/JaneckaSupplemental2008.pdf | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 883 | Serial | 488 | ||
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Author | Janovsky, M.; Grone, A.; Ciardo, D.; Vollm, J.; Burnens, A.; Fatzer, R.; Bacciarini, L.N. | ||||
Title | Phaeohyphomycosis in a Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) due to Cladophialophora bantiana | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Pathology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 134 | Issue | Pages | 245-248 | |
Keywords | Cladophialophora bantiana; fungal infection; phaeohyphomycosis; snow leopard; spinal meningitis; Uncia uncia | ||||
Abstract | Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana was diagnosed in a 5-month-old snow leopard with spastic paralysis of the hind legs and inability to defaecate or urinate. At post-mortem examination, a greenish soft mass resembling an abscess was found on one side of the epidural space at the fourth lumbar vertebral body. Histological examination revealed a purulent meningitis with myelomalacia. Dematiaceous fungal hyphae, present within the inflammatory infiltrate, were identified as C. bantiana by culture and sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. This neurotropic fungus rarely affects organs other than the brain in human beings and cats, and has been reported only occasionally in Europe. The case described suggests that phaeohyphomycosis due to C. bantiana infection may be recognized more frequently in the future and the possible involvement of organs other than the brain should be borne in mind. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 891 | Serial | 489 | ||
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Author | Jegal, A.; Kashkarov, E.; Matyushkin E.N. | ||||
Title | Simple method to distinguish tracks of snow leopard and lynx | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | tracks; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Lynx; gobi; Altai; mountain; range; mountains; region; distribution; Case; local; hunters; hunter; Animals; Animal | ||||
Abstract | In the Mongolian and Gobi Altai mountain ranges and also in some other mountains in this region, the distribution of the snow leopard and Eurasian lynx overlaps. In some cases, local hunters cannot distinguish the tracks of both these animals. Therefore we outline a simple method to distinguish tracks of the snow leopard and lynx. |
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Notes | Two English translations of article are provided. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1101 | Serial | 491 | ||
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Author | Jiang, Z. | ||||
Title | Snow leopards in the Dulan International Hunting Ground, Qinghai, China | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
Keywords | snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; hunting; Qinghai; China; project; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; surveys; survey; mountains; mountain; province; transect; study; area; transects; pug; pug marks; pug-marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; density; densities; wild; ungulates; ungulate; region; camera; environment; photo; capture; population; population size; population-size; Animals; Animal; 20; livestock; Human; attitudes; attitude; tibetan; 30; nature; reserve; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; species; snow line; snow-line; endemic; alpine; central; Central Asia; asia; countries; country; fox; range; areas; Xinjiang; inner; Inner-Mongolia; Mongolia; Tibet; gansu; Sichuan; habitat; protection; nature reserves; reserves; cat; populations; domestic; laws; law; field; field surveys; field survey; field-surveys; field-survey; Kunlun; distribution; survival; status; Data; conservation | ||||
Abstract | From March to May, 2006œªwe conducted extensive snow leopard surveys in the Burhanbuda Mountain Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China. 32 linear transect of 5~15 km each, which running through each vegetation type, were surveyed within the study area. A total of 72 traces of snow leopard were found along 4 transects (12.5% of total transects). The traces included pug marks or footprints, scrapes and urine marks. We estimated the average density of wild ungulates in the region was 2.88ñ0.35 individuals km-2(n=29). We emplaced 16 auto2 trigger cameras in different environments and eight photos of snow leopard were shot by four cameras and the capture rate of snow leopard was 71.4%. The minimum snow leopard population size in the Burhanbuda Mountain was two, because two snow leopards were phototrapped by different cameras at almost same time. Simultaneously, the cameras also shot 63 photos of other wild animals, including five photos are unidentified wild animals, and 20 photos of livestock. We evaluated the human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing with 27 Tibetan householders of 30 householders live in the study area. We propose to establish a nature reserve for protecting and managing snow leopards in the region. Snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is considered as a unique species because it lives above the snow line, it is endemic to alpines in Central Asia, inhabiting in 12 countries across Central Asia (Fox, 1992). Snow leopard ranges in alpine areas in Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Gansu and Sichuan in western China (Liao, 1985, 1986; Zhou, 1987; Ma et al., 2002; Jiang & Xu, 2006). The total population and habitat of snow leopards in China are estimated to be 2,000~2,500 individuals and 1,824,316 km2, only 5% of which is under the protection of nature reserves. The cat's current range is fragmented (Zou & Zheng, 2003). Due to strong human persecutions, populations of snow leopards decreased significantly since the end of the 20th century. Thus, the snow leopards are under the protection of international and domestic laws. From March to May, 2006, we conducted two field surveys in Zhiyu Village, Dulan County in Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, China to determine the population, distribution and survival status of snow leopards in the area. The aim of the study was to provide ecologic data for snow leopard conservation. |
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Notes | Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1068 | Serial | 493 | ||
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Author | Johnson, D. | ||||
Title | The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation goes international | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Endangered Species Update, A | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 10 | Pages | A10 |
Keywords | Nfwf; India; asia; siberia; endangered-species; snow-leopard; managemnet; conservation; snow leopard; browse; endangered; species; 1150 | ||||
Abstract | Abstract: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) which is a conservation organization created in 1984 aims to conserve the species on an international context before they are endangered which will enable a more effective conservation procedure. The NFWF has addressed the causes of endangered species in India and South Asia such as the tiger, Indian wolf and the snow leopard and has supported the conservation efforts of the Siberian tiger. It has cooperated with multi-national organizations to evaluate the best strategy that could be adopted to prevent a future extinction of several species and has supported CITES programs | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 254 | Serial | 500 | ||
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Author | Joslin, J.O.; Garner, M.; Collins, D.; Kamaka, E.; Sinabaldi, K.; Meleo, K.; Montali, R.; Sundberg, J.; Jenson, A.B.; Ghim, S.; Davidow, B.; Hargis, A.; West, K.; Clark, T.; Haines, D. | ||||
Title | Viral papilloma and squamous cell carcinomas in snow leopards (Uncia uncia) | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | 2000 Proceedings AAZV & IAAAM Joint Conference | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 155-158 | ||
Keywords | captive; snow leopard; squamous cell carcinoma; Uncia uncia; viral papilloma | ||||
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Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | AAZV & IAAAM Joint Conference | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 932 | Serial | 506 | ||
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Author | Kazensky, C.A.; Munson, L.; Seal, U.S. | ||||
Title | The effects of melengestrol acetate on the ovaries of captive wild felids | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 29 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-5 |
Keywords | Mga; zoo; felids; contraception; Melengestrol-acetate; ovaries; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; snow leopard; browse; uncia; panthera; melengestrol; acetate; 1260; effects; study; ovarian; Ovary; captive; wild; wild felid; Wild-Felid; species; Follicle; Cats; cat; recent; Ovulation; doses; Dose; action; Progestin; Disease; veterinary | ||||
Abstract | Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is the most widely used contraceptive in zoo felids, but the mechanism of contraception and the pathologic effects have not been investigated. For this study, the effects of MGA on folliculogenesis were assessed, and the association of MGA with ovarian lesions was evaluated. Comparisons were made among the histopathologic findings in the ovaries from 88 captive wild felids (representing 15 species) divided into three groups: 37 currently contracepted with MGA, eight previously exposed to MGA, and 43 never contracepted. Ninety-one percent of the felids evaluated had tertiary follicles, and no differences were noted between contracepted and uncontracepted cats. Some MGA-contracepted cats also had corpora lutea indicating recent ovulation. These results indicate that folliculogenesis is not suppressed by current doses of MGA and ovulation occurred in some cats. Therefore, the contraceptive actions of MGA do not occur by suppressing folliculogenesis, and MGA-contracepted felids likely have endogenous estrogens that may confound progestin effects on the uterus. Cystic rete ovarii was the most common pathologic finding, but they were not more prevalent in MGA-contracepted cats. These findings indicate that MGA is not associated with ovarian disease, including ovarian cancer, in contrast to the uterine lesions noted in MGA-treated cats. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English. Affiliation: Taylor Veterinary Hospital, Turlock , California 95382, USA | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 348 | Serial | 527 | ||
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