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Author Baral N.; Stern, M.; Heinen, J.T. url 
  Title Integrated conservation and development project life cycles in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: Is development overpowering conservation? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Biodiversity Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 16 Issue 10 Pages 2903-2917  
  Keywords annapurna; Biodiversity conservation; community-based; conservation; Gender; management; Nepal; protected area; development; project; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; area  
  Abstract The merits of integrated conservation and development projects (ICDPs), which aim to provide development incentives to citizens in return for conservation behaviors, have long been debated in the literature. Some of the most common critiques suggest that conservation activities tend to be strongly overpowered by development activities. We studied this assertion through participant observation and archival analysis of five Conservation Area Management Committees (CAMCs) in the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), Nepal. Committee activities were categorized as conservation activities (policy development and conservation implementation), development activities (infrastructure, health care, education, economic development, and sanitation), or activities related to institutional strengthening (administrative development and capacity building activities). Greater longevity of each ICDP was associated with greater conservation activity in relation to development activities. Project life cycles progressed from a focus on development activities in their early stages, through a transitional period of institutional strengthening, and toward a longer-term focus that roughly balanced conservation and development activities. Results suggest that the ICDP concept, as practiced in ACA, has been successful at building capacity for and interest in conservation amongst local communities. However, success has come over a period of nearly a decade, suggesting that prior conclusions about ICDP failures may have been based on unrealistic expectations of the time needed to influence behavioral changes in target populations.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 938 Serial 117  
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Author Schaller, G. url 
  Title Tibet's remote Chang Tang: in a high and sacred realm Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication National Geog. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 184 Issue 2 Pages 62-87  
  Keywords Tibet; protected-area; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected area; protected areas; area; areas; protected; browse; 3220  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 213 Serial 858  
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Author Schaller, G.B. url 
  Title On meeting a Snow Leopard Type Journal Article
  Year 1972 Publication Animal Kingdom Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue 1 Pages 7-13  
  Keywords Pakistan; ecology; conservation; distribution; livestock; goat; baiting; reserves; reserve; park; parks; refuge; behavior; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; 2220  
  Abstract Discusses snow leopard distribution, ecology and conservation. Describes baiting (with a domestic goat) of a snow leopard and cub in a game reserve in Northern Pakistan. Incudes a description of the Leopard killing a goat, and observations over a week when the leopards were feeding on the goat baits.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 23 Serial 861  
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Author Green, M.J.B. url 
  Title Protected areas and snow leopards: their distribution and status Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Tiger Paper Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 1-10  
  Keywords Central Asia; conserve; conserving; distribution; endangered species; network; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; protected; protected-area; protected areas; snow leopard; status; protected area; protected-areas; areas; area; snow; snow leopards; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; symposium; India  
  Abstract Considerable efforts have been devoted to conserving the snow leopard Panthera uncia in recent years, but progress has inevitably been slow due to the difficulties of studying a sparsely distributed, secretive and endangered species in often isolated mountainous terrain. Although knowledge about the species overall distribution in the highlands of Central Asia still remains fragmenatry, it is important to briefly examine all the available information in order to review measures taken to date to conserve the species through the protected areas network. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution and status of protected areas inhabited or visited by snow leopard in relation to the species' distribution and highlight deficiences in the present network.  
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  Notes Presented at 5th International Snow Leopard Symposium held in Srinagar, India, from 13-15 October 1986. Also published in conference proceedings. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 965 Serial 347  
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Author Schaller, G.B. url 
  Title Mountain mammals in Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 351-356  
  Keywords Pakistan; Chitral-Gol; status; distribution; hunting; poaching; hunters; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; chitral gol; chitral; protected area; protected; area; 2240  
  Abstract Four or five snow leopards were present in 300 sq km of Chitral District in 1974. Six snow leopards were shot in vicinity of Chitral Gol in winter of 1971-1972, and at least one the next year. Estimates fewer then 250 snow leopards in Pakistan.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 33 Serial 863  
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Author Heinen, J.T.; Metha, J.C. url 
  Title Conceptual and legal issues in the designation and management of conservation areas in Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Environmental Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 26 Issue Pages 21-29  
  Keywords Nepal; conservation; protected area; management; browse; 70  
  Abstract The modern era of wildlife and protected area conservation in Nepal began in 1973 with the passage of comprehensive legislation, and has evolved very quickly as new priorities and problems have emerged. Here we explore the legal and managerial development of conservation areas, a recently-defined category of protected area designed to promote conservation through local-level participation and development. A review of the Conservation Area Management Regulations of 1996 shows that there are several potential problems inherent in this designation. As written, the regulations move power from the government to organizations under governmental contract. Thus, management authority largely remains top-down from the standpoint of local users. We also question how well the designation will protect some sensitive wildlife species, since organizations do not have law enforcement authority under Nepalese legislation.

Despite these concerns, there have been several successful conservation area programmes in existence in Nepal since the 1980s and most of the issues addressed are surmountable with the current regulations, providing that several criteria are met. We propose that His Majesty's Government and organizations under contract develop more definitive methods of disbursing funds for local-level projects, and institute social impact assessments. In addition, more attention must be paid to wildlife law enforcement; independent assessments of important wild populations and unique habitats are needed. Finally, we discuss some broader issues that should be better addressed in Nepal and elsewhere, including cross-sectoral coordination within the government.
 
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 361 Serial 377  
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Author Fox, J.; Nurbu, C.; Bhatt, S.; Chandola, A. url 
  Title Wildlife conservation and land-use changes in the Transhimalayan region of Ladakh, India Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Mountain-Research-and-Development. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 39-60  
  Keywords conservation; India; Ladakh; land use; livstock; protected area; transhimalayan; Transhimalayan-Region  
  Abstract Changes in economy and land use are under way in the Indian Transhimalayan region of Ladakh, creating both negative and positive prospects for wildlife conservation in this sparsely populations and previously remote area. New livestock breeds, irrigation developments, farming practices, foreign tourists, and a large military presence are changing the way people view and use the mountainous land that surrounds them. With only 0.3% of the land currently arable, changes in wildlife and natural resource conservation are most apparent on Ladakh's extensive rangelands which are apparently undergoing a redistribution of use associated with social changes and recently introduced animal husbandry and farming practices. International endangered species such as the snow leopard, several wild ungulates, and the black-necked crane provide special incentive for conservation efforts in what are some of the best remaining natural areas in the mountainous regions to the north of the Himalayan crest. The success of newly created protected areas for wildlife conservation in Ladakh rests on an understanding of the effects of various development directions, a commitment to environmentally sensitive development amid the many competing demands on Ladakh's natural resources, conservation laws appropriate to human needs, and a clear recognition that solutions can be neither directly adaptable from other mountainous areas nor even widely applicable across the Himalayan region.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 930 Serial 286  
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Author Ming, M. url 
  Title The Problems About Conservation of Wildlife Animals In Xinjiang Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Arid Land Geography Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 47-51  
  Keywords China; conservation; development; distribution; ecosystem; management; nature reserves; protected areas; species diversity; Xinjiang  
  Abstract As an important part of the ecosystem in the world, the wild are highly sensitive to impel the public to pay an increasing attention to the vertebrates and their habitats. The region from Xinjiang to Central Asian countries and from north China to Mongolia, explored less by zoologists. The region is mainly consisted of deserts and high mountain ranges many lakes and rivers that provide the suitable habitats for wildlife. These are actually unknown. Conservation in the modern sense is a very important part of development, especially in the Western Development of China. This paper deals with the species diversity and vertebrates' conservation in Xinjiang. Since 1980, over 20 Iocal nature reserves and 4 nationaI nature reserves have been established in Xinjiang. There are about 700 vertebrate species (in 5 classesœª37 ordersœr97 familiesœª196 genera) in Xinjiang. These cover about 134 species of mammalsœª392­® 430 species of birdsœr40­® 45 species of reptilesœª6­® 7 species of amphibians and 93­® 120 fishes. With the rapid economic development, some protected areas exist only in name. The areas are not only havens for wild species, but also maintain ecological benefits. Xinjiang is a very special region in China. The wild animals are different from those in other provinces along the east coast and in the interior. There are many questions about the conservation of wild animals in Xinjiang, e.g. the threatened species distinguishing, distribution and management, etc. So the paper is for reference only to the Great Development of Western China.  
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  Notes In Chinese. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 536 Serial 679  
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Author Heinen, J.T.; Mehta, J. url 
  Title Emerging issues in legal and procedural aspects of buffer zone management with case studies from Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of Environment and Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 45-67  
  Keywords conservation; legal; management; Nepal; park; participatory; protected area; regulations  
  Abstract Buffer zones have been used as part of larger integrated conservation development programs to provide the benefits of ecological buffering of protected areas and socioeconomic buffering of neighboring communities. The authors explore the legal and managerial development of buffer zones internationally and with the passage of a conservation amendment in Nepal. A review of Nepal's buffer zone policies and several ongoing projects shows that there are several potential inherent problems. As written, regulations tend to expand the authority of the state by imposing restrictions in populated areas formerly not under control of park officials. Some participatory rights are provided to citizens, but management authority largely remains top down from the standpoint of local users. The authors question whether the managerial and research capacities exist to monitor buffer zones for their effectiveness both for conservation and development purposes and make several recommendations to improve implementation.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 939 Serial 378  
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Author Hillard, D. url 
  Title Launching a snow leopard study in the Qomolangma Nature Reserve Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 8-9  
  Keywords area; areas; browse; parks; protected; protected-area; protected area; protected areas; Qomolangma; refuge; research; reserve  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title (up) Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 199 Serial 384  
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