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Author | Singh, R., Krausman, P. R., Pandey, P., Maheshwari, A., Rawal, R. S., Sharma, S., Shekhar, S. | ||||
Title | Predicting Habitat Suitability of Snow Leopards in the Western Himalayan Mountains, India | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Biology bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 47 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 655-664 |
Keywords | biogeographic distribution, climate, endangered cat, MaxEnt, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | The population of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is declining across their range, due to poaching, habitat fragmentation, retaliatory killing, and a decrease of wild prey species. Obtaining information on rare and cryptic predators living in remote and rugged terrain is important for making conservation and management strategies. We used the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) ecological niche modeling framework to predict the potential habitat of snow leopards across the western Himalayan region, India. The model was developed using 34 spatial species occurrence points in the western Himalaya, and 26 parameters including, prey species distribution, temperature, precipitation, land use and land cover (LULC), slope, aspect, terrain ruggedness and altitude. Thirteen variables contributed 98.6% towards predicting the distribution of snow leopards. The area under the curve (AUC) score was high (0.994) for the training data from our model, which indicates pre- dictive ability of the model. The model predicted that there was 42432 km2 of potential habitat for snow leop- ards in the western Himalaya region. Protected status was available for 11247 km2 (26.5%), but the other 31185 km2 (73.5%) of potential habitat did not have any protected status. Thus, our approach is useful for predicting the distribution and suitable habitats and can focus field surveys in selected areas to save resources, increase survey success, and improve conservation efforts for snow leopards. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1629 | |||
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Author | Atzeni, L., Cushman, S. A., Bai, D., Wang, J., Chen, P., Shi, K., Riordan, P. | ||||
Title | Meta-replication, sampling bias, and multi-scale model selection: A case study on snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in western China. | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Ecology and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-27 | ||
Keywords | MaxEnt, meta-replication, multi-scale, Panthera uncia, sampling bias, scale selection, snow leopard, species distribution model | ||||
Abstract | Replicated multiple scale species distribution models (SDMs) have become increasingly important to identify the correct variables determining species distribution and their influences on ecological responses. This study explores multi-scale habitat relationships of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in two study areas on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau of western China. Our primary objectives were to evaluate the degree to which snow leopard habitat relationships, expressed by predictors, scales of response, and magnitude of effects, were consistent across study areas or locally landcape-specific. We coupled univariate scale optimization and the maximum entropy algorithm to produce multivariate SDMs, inferring the relative suitability for the species by ensembling top performing models. We optimized the SDMs based on average omission rate across the top models and ensembles’ overlap with a simulated reference model. Comparison of SDMs in the two study areas highlighted landscape-specific responses to limiting factors. These were dependent on the effects of the hydrological network, anthropogenic features, topographic complexity, and the heterogeneity of the landcover patch mosaic. Overall, even accounting for specific local differences, we found general landscape attributes associated with snow leopard ecological requirements, consisting of a positive association with uplands and ridges, aggregated low-contrast landscapes, and large extents of grassy and herbaceous vegetation. As a means to evaluate the performance of two bias correction methods, we explored their effects on three datasets showing a range of bias intensities. The performance of corrections depends on the bias intensity; however, density kernels offered a reliable correction strategy under all circumstances. This study reveals the multi-scale response of snow leopards to environmental attributes and confirms the role of meta-replicated study designs for the identification of spatially varying limiting factors. Furthermore, this study makes important contributions to the ongoing discussion about the best approaches for sampling bias correction. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1616 | |||
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Title | Rare Animals and their Protection in the USSR | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 4-4 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; categories of threat; rare species; snow leopard; distribution; threats.; 8030; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It described categories of threat (Category A and Category B). Snow leopard was assessed under Category A the species whose numbers and habitats have sharply diminished and are continuing to diminish as a consequence of direct persecution, destruction of their habitat or other causes. The snow leopard (Pardus uncia) inhabits the mountains of the Tien Shan range, Tarbagatai, Saur, Altai and the Sayans. Exploitation of mountain areas and depletion of stocks of wild ungulates (Siberian mountain goats and wild sheep) have led to a sharp reduction in the number of snow leopards. It is estimated that today only about one thousand leopards are left, and they have accordingly been placed under complete protection. Hunting and selective shooting are everywhere prohibited. Catching leopards is regulated by the articles of the international convention restricting trade in rare species of plants and animals. | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Uzbekistan's Reservations and Natural Monuments. XIV General Assembly of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 781 | Serial | 14 | ||
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Title | Biological diversity conservation. National strategy and action plan of the Republic of Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 34-35 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; national strategy and action plan; biodiversity; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; number; conservation measures.; 6280; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The National strategy and action plan of the Republic of Uzbekistan was signed on April 1, 1998. Snow leopard was included in the list of rare and endangered animal species and referred to category 2 a rare, not endangered species. It is distributed in highlands of the West Tien Shan and Pamiro-Alay. Its population is 30-50 animals. Snow leopard is protected in the Chatkal, Gissar nature reserve, and Ugam-Chatkal national park. | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 606 | Serial | 17 | ||
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Author | Adil, A. | ||||
Title | Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Afghanistan | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 35-38 | ||
Keywords | Afghanistan; conservation; status; Palang-i-Barfi; Hindu-kush; Pamir; Ajar; park; parks; reserve; reserves; refuge; hunting; poaching; skin; fur; pelt; coat; distribution; ibex; Marco-Polo; sheep; markhor; predator; prey; protected-area; marco; polo; hindu; kush; browse; 2460 | ||||
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Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Lahore, Pakistan | Editor | R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Full Text Available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 298 | Serial | 34 | ||
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Author | Aizim B.M., S.E.D. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard Felis uncia Schreb | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1969 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 56-59 | ||
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5920; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It says about snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan, its distribution, number, food, reproduction, and hunting behavioral patterns, and encounters with human beings. The only enemy of snow leopard is man. From economic point of view snow leopard is of interest only in terms of catching the animals for zoo-export. The skin of snow leopard in commercial trade is of negligent importance. Local population uses the skins for decorating walls, tailoring man's fur coats and sometimes as floor carpets. | ||||
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Language | Russian | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of Kyrgyzstan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 571 | Serial | 43 | ||
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Author | Aizin B.M. | ||||
Title | Siberian ibex Capra sibirica Pall | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1969 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 98-105 | ||
Keywords | Kyrgyzsatn; Siberian ibex; distribution; life history; diet; predators; snow leopard.; 5890; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes status of ibex in Kyrgyzstan, its distribution, behavioral patterns, enemies and competitors, etc. The enemies of ibex are snow leopard and wolf. All year round snow leopard preys on ibex its main food object and, therefore, should there be ibexes, snow leopards would be somewhere around. In winter, a considerable number of ibex dies from wolves. Sometimes dogs prey on ibex, too. Golden eagles and bearded vultures prey on young ibexes. However, poachers remain the most dangerous enemy. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of Kyrgyzstan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 568 | Serial | 44 | ||
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Author | Aizin B.M. | ||||
Title | Distribution, number and seasonal behavioral patterns of Panthera uncia Scheber in Kyrgyzstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1974 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol. 1. | Issue | Pages | 19-20 | |
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5900; Russian | ||||
Abstract | In Kyrgyzstan, snow leopard can be met almost in all mountain ridges (Kok-Kiya, Atbasha, Kyrgyz, Terskey, Kungei, Talas, Chatkal, Alai, Zaalai), where it keeps to alpine meadow, woodless rock and snowfield zones. The number of snow leopard does not exceed 1,500 animals. Seven to 10 animals are annually caught for the needs of zoo-export. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the 1st international congress on mammals. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 569 | Serial | 45 | ||
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Author | Aizin B.M. | ||||
Title | Rare predatory mammal species and their protection in Kyrgyzstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1979 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 4-5 | ||
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; distribution; number; trade.; 5910; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard is met in all mountain ridges in Kyrgyzstan. Every year 7 10 animals are caught for the purpose of zoo export. Total population of snow leopard in the country does not exceed 1,400 animals. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of predatory mammals' protection and sustainable use. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 570 | Serial | 46 | ||
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Author | Aizin B.M. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1985 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 22-23 | ||
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; Red Data book; snow leopard; status; distribution; biology; number; fluctuation; protection.; 5930; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard is a rare and endangered species, distributed in all mountain ridges of Kyrgyzstan. Its population is 1,400 animals, density being 0.2 0.5 animal per 1,000 ha. Its population was noticed to decrease in some ridges because of decreasing populations of mountain ungulates. 200 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export over the last 20 years. This species is protected in the nature reserves Sary Chelek, Besh Aral, and natural park Ala Archa. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kyrgyz SSR. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 572 | Serial | 47 | ||
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