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	Author	Koshkarev E.P.
	Title	Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The structure of habitat, ecology, protection		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1989	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	100 p.
	Keywords	Kyzgyzstan; snow leopard; life-history; distribution; habitats; number; diet; behavior; conservation measures.; 7240; Russian
	Abstract	Habitat, status of population, geographical distribution, number, and ecology of snow leopard in Tien Shan are analyzed based on original realistic material collected 1981 through 1988.Information about irbis in the `foreign' part of its habitat is given for comparison. The reasons for snow leopard habitat shrinkage in Central Asia and Kazakhstan for over 100 years are assessed. Status of ungulate populations snow leopard prey on is given. The predator's behavioral pattern and condition in enclosure are given consideration. Protection measures are proposed.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 702		Serial	558
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	Author	Kolosov A.M.
	Title	Genus Snow leopards Uncia		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1979	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	150-151
	Keywords	Ussr; snow leopard; systematic position; life-history; distribution; number; preys; practical use.; 7220; Russian
	Abstract	It provides description of appearance, distribution, behavioral patterns, and use of snow leopard in the USSR. The predator inhabits the mountains of Central Asia, east of the Amudarya river, along the ridges of Djungar Ala-Tau and Tarbagatai, South Altai, West and East Sayans. Its main food is ungulates, though it also preys on snow-cocks, marmots, small birds, and rodents. Sometimes attacks sheep. It has no enemy other than wolf; its diseases are not studied. Snow leopard is not dangerous for man. The fur-skin is used for making rugs and fur. Less than 1,000 animals are hunted globally. Before 1960, in the USSR less than 120 skins were annually purchased. Its total population is several thousand animals.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Editor
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biology of game animals in the USSR.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 700		Serial	549
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	Author	Volozheninov N.N.
	Title	Rare and endangered mammals and birds of Southern Uzbekistan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1985	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	23
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Hissar ridge; Baisun ridge; snow leopard; number; preys; poaching; conservation measures.; 8500; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard is a common species for upper part of the Hissar ridge and northern part of the Baisun ridge. There are about 30 snow leopards there. The animals often attack livestock, sometimes even entering into sheltered cattle-pens. In two of four of such cases snow leopards were caught and killed; in two other cases they had gone, having wounded the people. Usually the predators attack sheep and goats, rarer cows. The most frequently snow leopard preys on ibex and often wild boar. Local people catch/shoot no less than 10 snow leopards per year. Protection measures include the prevention of poaching and withdrawal of rifled guns from local communities.
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	Corporate Author			Thesis
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecology and protection of rare and endangered vertebrate species in Uzbekistan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 827		Serial	989
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	51-54
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 856		Serial	1088
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	N 1-4.	Issue	Pages	184-199
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian
	Abstract	The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated.
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 858		Serial	1087
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	The Almaty nature reserve		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	102-114
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; snow leopard; number.; 8800; Russian
	Abstract	It provides general information about the Almatya nature reserve (Kazakhstan), its physico-geographical features and description of flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabits alpine zone and goes down as low as forest-meadow zone following ibex in winter. There are two or three families of snow leopard in the nature reserve. The population of ibex is 600 700 animals.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 857		Serial	1086
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan)		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol. II.	Issue	Pages	278-279
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian
	Abstract	The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 855		Serial	1085
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Ibex. Rare ungulate species of the Almaty nature reserve and their protection		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1976	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	141-154
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; aerial census; goitered gazelle; argali; ibex; predators; wolf; snow leopard; poaching; disturbance.; 8750; Russian
	Abstract	Collected are data on rare ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve in 1968-1973. Since recently the population of goitered gazelle has dropped sharply and is now 20-30 animals per seven ha. The nature reserve shall be expanded in order to protect the animals. Argali inhabits a desert area in the mountains of Greater and Lesser Kalkana. Argali sometimes migrates outside the nature reserve. Ibex inhabits a mountainous part of the nature reserve, its population being 10-13 animals per 1,000 ha. Predators have negligible impact on the ibex population (12.5 percent of deaths), which is preyed on solely by snow leopard and wolf.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of the USSR fauna.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 852		Serial	1082
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	Author	Zhirnov L.V.
	Title	Rare and endangered species of the USSR		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1978	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	91-94
	Keywords	Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; practical use.; 8740; Russian
	Abstract	A description of snow leopard number, distribution, reproductive biology, death reasons, and conservation measures in the USSR, where northern and north-western border of its habitat runs, is given. The population of snow leopard in the USSR is 500 1,000 animals. In the Inner Tien Shan, 400 snow leopards were caught 1936 through 1970. The maximum of 120 skins was purchased in Pamir in 1956 1958. Population of snow leopard directly correlates with population of ibex, a fact being verified by data collected on a long-term basis. Moreover, snow leopard was for a long time considered as a harmful animal, shooting of which was encouraged by premiums and resulted in reduction of snow leopard population.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals and birds.		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 851		Serial	1080
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	Author	Yanushevich A.I.
	Title	Mammals of Kyrgyzstan		Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1972	Publication	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Pages	377-380
	Keywords	Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; habitats; number; life history characteristics; practical use.; 8640; Russian
	Abstract	A description of snow leopard, its taxonomy, distribution, habitat, number, behavior, food, reproduction, parasites, infections, and practical importance is given. In Kyrgyzstan, irbis was found in the Chatkal, Kyrgyz, Talas ridges, and Terskei Alatoo. An official annual snow leopard hunting rate ranged from 10 (1955) to 54 skins (in 1936) in 1930-s through 1950-s. 17 snow leopards were caught for the purpose of zoo-export only in 1965-1966. Its skin has no special value and is used by local people for decoration of dwellings and making collars.
	Address
	Corporate Author			Thesis
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	Series Editor		Series Title	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue	Edition
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	Area		Expedition	Conference
	Notes	Full text available in Russian		Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 841		Serial	1055
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