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Roth, T.L.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E.; Collins, D.; Burton, M.; Garell, D.M. |
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Title |
Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) spermatozoa are sensitive to alkaline pH, but motility in vitro is not influenced by protein or energy supplements |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year |
1996 |
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Journal of Andrology |
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17 |
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558-566 |
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Felid,comparative biology,sperm culture medium,sperm function,capacitation,sodium bicarbonate. |
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To better understand the biology of snow leopard spermatozoa and to facilitate developing assisted reproduction, a series of studies was conducted to: 1) identify the component(s) of complex culture media responsible for the detrimental effect on sperm survival in vitro, 2) optimize medium for supporting sperm viability, and 3) evaluate sperm capacitation in vitro. Constituents of complex media were added systematically to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to isolate the factor(s) influencing snow leopard sperm motility in vitro. Sperm capacitation was also assessed following incubation in PBS with bovine serum albumin (BSA), fetal calf serum (FCS), or heparin. For maintaining sperm motility, there was no benefit (P ? 0.05) to supplementing PBS with low (5%) or high (20%) concentrations of snow leopard serum (SLS) versus FCS or BSA. Likewise, adding supplemental energy substrates (pyruvate, glucose, lactate, or glutamine) did not enhance or hinder (P ? 0.05) sperm motility. However, motility rapidly decreased (P < 0.05) with the addition of NaHCO3 to PBS or Ham's F10 nutrient mixture. Surprisingly, Ham's F10 with no buffering component or with both NaHCO3 and N-Z-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2- ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) maintained sperm motility at levels similar (P ? 0.05) to PBS. Although sperm motility in all treatments decreased with time, there was a strong inverse relationship (P < 0.01; r = 0.90) between motility and sample pH at 6 hours. Spermatozoa incubated in PBS containing FCS, BSA, or heparin did not undergo the acrosome reaction when exposed to calcium ionophore. In summary, alkaline pH has a profound detrimental effect on snow leopard sperm motility, and capacitation does not occur under conditions that normally promote this event in other felid species. These results clearly demonstrate a high degree of interspecific variation among felids in fundamental sperm function, and they provide evidence for the necessity of basic research when developing assisted reproduction in little-studied nondomestic species. |
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SLN @ rana @ 897 |
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831 |
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Rothschild, B.M.; Rothschild, C.; Woods, R.J. |
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Title |
Inflammatory arthritis in large cats: An expanded spectrum of spondyloarthropathy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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29 |
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3 |
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279-284 |
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Acinonyx-jubatus; cheetah; Felidae; Felis-concolor; mountain-lion; Felis-pardalis; ocelot; Panthera-leo; African-lion; Panthera-onca; jaguar; Panthera-pardus; leopard; Panthera-tigris; tiger; Panthera-uncia; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Acinonyx; jubatus; felis; concolor; mountain; lion; pardalis; panthera; leo; african; onca; pardus; tigris; uncia; browse; 1240 |
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Spondyloarthropathy was documented for the first time in 14 (3.7%) of 386 large cats, affecting eight species belonging to three genera. The limited distribution of joint erosions, associated with spine and sacroiliac joint pathology, was indistinguishable from that occurring in humans with spondyloarthropathy of the reactive type. This form of inflammatory arthritis is almost twice as common as osteoarthritis (for felids as a whole), and animal well-being may be enhanced by its recognition and by initiation of specific treatment. |
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Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 353 |
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832 |
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Rowell, G. |
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China's Wildlife Lament |
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1983 |
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International Wildlife |
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13 |
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6 |
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4-11 |
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China; Qinghai; bounty; hunting; poaching; browse; 3200 |
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Reports sightings of snow leopard in Qinghai Province. One freshly killed; a 15 yuan bounty exists on snow leopards |
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SLN @ rana @ 75 |
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833 |
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Author |
Rude, K. |
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Title |
Aiding the elusive snow leopard |
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1985 |
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Endangered Species Technical Bulletin Reprint |
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2 |
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3 |
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1-6 |
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snow leopard; management; resource |
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Wildland Management Center, School of Natural Resources, The University of Michigan. |
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Michigan |
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Special reprint issue. Wildland Management Center, School of Natural Resources, The University of Michigan. |
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SLN @ rana @ 989 |
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834 |
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Ruedi, D.; Heldstab, A.; Wiesner, H.; Keller, P. |
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Liver cirrhosis in the snow leopard (Uncia uncia): Case histories of three animals and suggestion of some diagnostic possibilities |
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1978 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 |
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1 |
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113-129 |
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captive; Cirrhosis; diagnostic; history; International; Liver; pedigree; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; zoo |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1039 |
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835 |
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Ruedi, D.; Heldstab, A.; van den Ingh, T.S.G.A.M. |
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Liver cirrhosis in snow leopards – further results |
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1980 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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2 |
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195-204 |
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Liver; Cirrhosis; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; pedigree |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 1092 |
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836 |
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Ryan, J.A.; Roudebush, P.; Shores, J. |
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Laryngeal obstruction associated with cuterebrosis in a snow leopard (Felis-uncia) |
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1990 |
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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |
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21 |
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3 |
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346-352 |
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Cuterebrosis; medecine; veterinary; medical; zoo; zoos; medicine; browse; 1480 |
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Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA
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SLN @ rana @ 160 |
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837 |
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Saberwal, V.K. |
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Pastoral Politics:gaddi grazing, degradation and biodiversity conservation in Himachal Pradesh, India |
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1996 |
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Conservation Biology |
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10 |
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741-749 |
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grazing; livestock; herders; herder; conservation; biodiversity; Himachal-Pradesh; India; browse; himachal pradesh; 1980 |
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SLN @ rana @ 290 |
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838 |
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Salles, L.O. |
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Felid phylogenetics: Extant taxa and skull morphology (Felidae, Aeluroidae) |
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1992 |
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American Museum Novitates |
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3047 |
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1-67 |
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morphology; taxonomy; phylogeny; Uncia-uncia; cladistics; browse; Uncia uncia; uncia; 1450 |
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relationships among extant felid taxa are controversial. A historical appraisal addresses component congruence among statements on felid phylogenetic relationships, and monophyly of generic ranks proposed for felids is discussed. Felid cranial morphology (especially the masticatory apparatus, basicranium, and rostral regions) is examined, and 44 characters are postulated for 39 taxa. Internal congruence for these characters is evaluated and 27 components are suggested. Parsimony analysis, using the successive weighting option of Hennig86, of the 44 cranial characters plus 13 other morphological features yields 29 components in a “modified Nelson” consensus cladogram. Two basal, well resolved clades are hypothesized in the total morphology analysis; under parenthetical notation the first is: (Hepailurus yagouaroundi (Puma concolor (Acinonyx jubatus (Uncia uncia (Neofelis nebulosa (Panthera tigris (P. onca, P. leo, and P. pardus)))))). The second clade is: Profelis temmincki (P. badia (Pardofelis marmorata ((Caracal caracal (Lynx rufus (L. lynx (L. pardina (L. canadensis)))) (Felis chaus (F. lybica (L. cafra (L. silvestris (F. bieti (F. nigripes (F. margarita (Octocolobus manul)))))))). Prionailurus planiceps and P. viverrina formed another group which is suggested as the basal branch of the felid phylogeny. The results in this study do not support monophyly of Leopardus Gray, 1841; Profelis Severtzon, 1858; and Prionailurus Severtzon, 1858. A better supported, more highly resolved, felid phylogenetic tree is needed. |
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Document Type: English
Call Number: 590 Am3a |
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SLN @ rana @ 191 |
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839 |
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Samant S.S.; Dhar U.; Rawal R.S. |
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Title |
Biodiversity status of a protected area in West Himalaya: Askot Wildlife Sanctuary |
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1998 |
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International Journal Of Sustainable Development And World Ecology |
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5 |
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3 |
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194-203 |
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diversity; native; endemic; agroforestry; threatened; conservation; Kumaun Himalaya; India; browse; Himalaya; 540 |
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Biodiversity of a protected area of West Himalaya (Askot Wildlife Sanctuary) was studied and analysed for landscape, faunal and floral diversity. The forest and pasture land, ideal habitats for the flora and fauna, covered nearly 52% and 12%, respectively, of total reported area. Among the fauna Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), thar (Himitragus jemlahicus), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), koklas (Pucrassia macrolophas), monal (Lophophorus impejanus) and snow cock (Tetragalus tibetanus) are threatened species. Plant diversity is represented by 1262 species of vascular plants (Angiosperm 1112, Gymnosperm 7, Pteridophytes 143 taxa). Diversity of the species within families, genera, habitats, communities and along vertical gradient zone was analysed. Maximum diversity existed in the family Orchidaceae (120 taxa), genera Polystichum (13 taxa), altitude zone (1001-2000 m; 860 taxa), habitat (forest; 623 taxa) and community (Banj oak: 92 taxa). Seventy-one families were found to be monotypic. Species were further analysed for ethnobotanical use (medicine: 70, edible: 55, fodder: 115, fuel: 31, house building: 13 etc.), domesticated diversity (crops: 19, vegetables: 26, fruits: 16),agroforestry or marginal, threatened and endemic diversity. Similarity in species composition within the habitats indicated maximum similarity in areas of shrubberies and alpine meadows/slopes (71.65%) and exposed open/grassy slopes and shady moist places (47.32%). 432 (34.2%) taxa are native to Indian Himalaya of which 24 are endemic and 235 are near endemics. 65.8% of taxa are represented in the neighbouring areas and other regions of the globe. Ten taxa occurring in the Sanctuary have been already recorded in the Red Data Book of Indian Plants. Conservation and management of species is focused. |
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Publisher: PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 350 |
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841 |
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