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Author Maity, B.; Chakraborty, G.; Pradhan, K.K.
Title Toxocariasis in snow leopard (Panthera unica) Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Indian Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal
Volume 71 Issue 5 Pages 499-501
Keywords toxocariasis; India; captivity; zoo; medical; medicine; veterinary; browse; 1410
Abstract Spontaneous occurrence of toxocariasis (Toxocaracati) in captive snow leopards with symptoms of diarrhoea, general malaise, letherapy, dehydration, partial or complete anorexia, vomiting with or without expulsion of the ascarid is reported. Response to anthelmintic drug pyrantal pamoate along with antibacterial drug sulphadimethyl pyrimidine and supportive therapy is recorded.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 238 Serial 639
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Author Rasool, G.
Title The status of management of protected areas in the Northern Areas of Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Tigerpaper Abbreviated Journal
Volume Xxi Issue 1 Pages 23-26
Keywords parks; Pakistan; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; status; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected areas; area; areas; protected; 2120
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 241 Serial 808
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Author Roth, T.L.; Howard, J.G.; Donoghue, A.M.; Swanson, W.F.; Wildt, D.E.
Title Function and culture requirements of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) spermatozoa in vitro Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication J Reprod Fertil Abbreviated Journal
Volume 101 Issue 3 Pages 563-569
Keywords Animal; Carnivora; physiology; Cell; survival; Cells; Cultured; Comparative; study; Culture; Media; Female; Male; Pentoxifylline; Sperm; Motility; Ovum; Interactions; Spermatozoa; cytology; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; U.S.Gov't; P.H.S.; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 190
Abstract Electroejaculates from eight snow leopards were used to determine how the motility of spermatozoa was influenced by (i) type of media (Ham's F10, PBS, human tubal fluid or RPMI-1640); (ii) holding temperature (23 degrees C versus 37 degrees C); (iii) washing of spermatozoa and (iv) a sperm metabolic enhancer, pentoxifylline. The duration of sperm motility was assessed by evaluating samples in each treatment every hour for 6 h and a sperm motility index (a value combining percentage sperm motility and rate of forward progression) calculated. Spermatozoa from the Ham's F10, PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline treatments were also co-incubated with zona-intact, domestic cat eggs that were fixed and evaluated for spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida, penetrating the outer and inner layers of the zona pellucida and within the perivitelline space. During the 6 h co-incubation, the sperm motility index in PBS with pentoxifylline was greater (P < 0.05) than in PBS alone which, in turn, was greater (P < 0.05) than in the other three test media. Washing the spermatozoa enhanced (P < 0.05) motility in both PBS and PBS plus pentoxifylline relative to unwashed samples, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of holding temperature. Pentoxifylline supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) the proportion of cat eggs with bound, but not penetrated, snow leopard spermatozoa in the inner layer of the zona pellucida, and there were no spermatozoa in the perivitelline space.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium
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Notes Document Type: eng Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 253 Serial 828
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Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, K.R.; Rogers, M.E.
Title Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 68 Issue Pages 63-68
Keywords snow leopard,blue sheep,livestock predation,public attitudes,Annapurna Conservation Area,Nepal.
Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and O. 7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people hem strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 893 Serial 753
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Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, I.R.; Rogers, M.E.
Title Snow leopard Panthera unica predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 63-68
Keywords predation; livestock; herders; goat; sheep; oxen; horse; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; snow-leopard; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; public attitudes; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; uncia; panthera; annapurna conservation area; annapurna; conservation; area; public; attitudes; 750
Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and 0.7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people held strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.
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Notes Document Type: English Call Number: S900 .B5 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 237 Serial 747
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Author Oli, M.K.
Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: prey ratio Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal
Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 998-1004
Keywords Nepal; blue-sheep; prey; livestock; predation; blue; sheep; browse; 740; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; blue sheep; densities; density; predator
Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predator-prey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 10-5-km-2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km-2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6 10.2 sheep/km-2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km-2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diel of snow leopards Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard: blue sheep ratio was 1:114-1:159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.
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Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 599.05 JO Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 236 Serial 746
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Author Johnson, D.
Title The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation goes international Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Endangered Species Update, A Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 10 Pages A10
Keywords Nfwf; India; asia; siberia; endangered-species; snow-leopard; managemnet; conservation; snow leopard; browse; endangered; species; 1150
Abstract Abstract: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) which is a conservation organization created in 1984 aims to conserve the species on an international context before they are endangered which will enable a more effective conservation procedure. The NFWF has addressed the causes of endangered species in India and South Asia such as the tiger, Indian wolf and the snow leopard and has supported the conservation efforts of the Siberian tiger. It has cooperated with multi-national organizations to evaluate the best strategy that could be adopted to prevent a future extinction of several species and has supported CITES programs
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 254 Serial 500
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Author Wajrak, A.
Title Snow Leopard Skins in Poland (Polowanie Na Sniezna Pantere) Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal Gazeta Wyborcza.
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Russia; Ussr; skins; furs; pelts; poaching; trade; browse; Soviet-Union; soviet union; soviet; union; 3160; information; 920; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; skin
Abstract Full Text: In 1991, Dr Andrzej Kruszewicz of the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences saw a “quite fresh” snow leopard skin on sale by a Russian in a Warsaw market for three million Polish zlotys ($300). A few weeks later he saw another skin in a shop in the centre of Warsaw. In spring 1992, Marcin Waslawski from the Institute of Geography saw a snow leopard skin in the same market for the equivalent of $200. The seller was an Asian from a former Soviet Republic. In summer 1992, Wajrak himself saw a snow leopard skin in a hunters' shop in Warsaw and in winter saw one in the home of a Polish hunter, who said it was a gift from a Mongolian friend. In winter 1994, a student from Britain saw a Polish long coat of snow leopard skins in Bialowieza. Wajrak saw a skin in a Warsaw shop, which the owner said was 15-20 years old; he got it from a Polish diplomat who had been in Mongolia and had three snow leopard skins. The skin was priced at the equivalent of $1,000. Wajrak added that he had been told that it was possible to buy tiger skins from Russians in Poland and he was trying to find one; I have not heard from him since.
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Notes Information from Adam Wajrak of Gazeta Wyboracza (T: 48 2 416 920) 24/4/94. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 268 Serial 1002
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Author Fox, J.; Nurbu, C.; Bhatt, S.; Chandola, A.
Title Wildlife conservation and land-use changes in the Transhimalayan region of Ladakh, India Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication Mountain-Research-and-Development. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 39-60
Keywords conservation; India; Ladakh; land use; livstock; protected area; transhimalayan; Transhimalayan-Region
Abstract Changes in economy and land use are under way in the Indian Transhimalayan region of Ladakh, creating both negative and positive prospects for wildlife conservation in this sparsely populations and previously remote area. New livestock breeds, irrigation developments, farming practices, foreign tourists, and a large military presence are changing the way people view and use the mountainous land that surrounds them. With only 0.3% of the land currently arable, changes in wildlife and natural resource conservation are most apparent on Ladakh's extensive rangelands which are apparently undergoing a redistribution of use associated with social changes and recently introduced animal husbandry and farming practices. International endangered species such as the snow leopard, several wild ungulates, and the black-necked crane provide special incentive for conservation efforts in what are some of the best remaining natural areas in the mountainous regions to the north of the Himalayan crest. The success of newly created protected areas for wildlife conservation in Ladakh rests on an understanding of the effects of various development directions, a commitment to environmentally sensitive development amid the many competing demands on Ladakh's natural resources, conservation laws appropriate to human needs, and a clear recognition that solutions can be neither directly adaptable from other mountainous areas nor even widely applicable across the Himalayan region.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 930 Serial 286
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Author Emanoil, M.
Title Snow leopard: Uncia (panthers) uncia Type Book Chapter
Year 1994 Publication Encyclopedia of Endangered Species Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 205-206
Keywords endangered; endangered species; snow leopard; uncia
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Publisher IUCN, Gale Research Inc. Place of Publication Editor Emanoil, M.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 963 Serial 253
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