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Author |
Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M. |
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Title |
Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
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Zoo Biology |
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14 |
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3 |
Pages |
223-237 |
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Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390 |
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Abstract |
An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations. |
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Document Type: English |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 279 |
Serial ![sorted by Serial field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
345 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Status, distribution and conservation of the Snow leopard in North India |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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7-10 |
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status; India; conservation; distribution; browse; 2150 |
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Volume ID: 3 |
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SLN @ rana @ 62 |
Serial ![sorted by Serial field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
346 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Protected areas and snow leopards: their distribution and status |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Tiger Paper |
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14 |
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4 |
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1-10 |
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Keywords |
Central Asia; conserve; conserving; distribution; endangered species; network; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; protected; protected-area; protected areas; snow leopard; status; protected area; protected-areas; areas; area; snow; snow leopards; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; International; symposium; India |
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Considerable efforts have been devoted to conserving the snow leopard Panthera uncia in recent years, but progress has inevitably been slow due to the difficulties of studying a sparsely distributed, secretive and endangered species in often isolated mountainous terrain. Although knowledge about the species overall distribution in the highlands of Central Asia still remains fragmenatry, it is important to briefly examine all the available information in order to review measures taken to date to conserve the species through the protected areas network. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution and status of protected areas inhabited or visited by snow leopard in relation to the species' distribution and highlight deficiences in the present network. |
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Presented at 5th International Snow Leopard Symposium held in Srinagar, India, from 13-15 October 1986. Also published in conference proceedings. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 965 |
Serial ![sorted by Serial field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
347 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Protected Areas and Snow Leopards: Their Distribution and Status |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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3-19 |
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Central Asia; asia; status; distribution; protected-areas; parks; refuge; reserves; browse; 1620 |
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Considerable efforts have been devoted to conserving the snow leopard Panthera uncia in recent years, but progress has inevitably been slow due to the difficulties of studying a sparsely distributed, secretive and endangered species in often isolated mountainous terrain. Although knowledge about the species overall distribution in the highlands of Central Asia still remains fragmenatry, it is important to briefly examine all the available information in order to review measures taken to date to conserve the species through the protected areas network. The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution and status of protected areas inhabited or visited by snow leopard in relation to the species' distribution and highlight deficiences in the present network. |
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International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, India |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 116 |
Serial ![sorted by Serial field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
348 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1992 |
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Himalaya; asia; parks; park; refuge; reserve; reserves; protected-areas; browse; protected; areas; 2640 |
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IUCN, Cambridge and Oxford University Press |
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New Delhi |
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SLN @ rana @ 196 |
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349 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B. |
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Title |
Protecting the mountains of Central Asia and their snow leopard populations |
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1994 |
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223-239 |
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asia; conservation; distribution; status; habitat; predator; prey; herders; herder; livestock; management; protected- area; parks; park; reserve; refuge; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; gansu; Qinghai; Sichuan; India; Sikkim; Nepal; Pakistan; Ussr; Russia; Soviet-Union; Kazakhstan; Kirghizia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; protected-area; kazakstan; Kirgizia; browse; protected; area; soviet; union; 2060 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust and Chicago Zoological Society |
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J.L.Fox; Du Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium. Place of Meeting: Xining, Qinghai, ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 218 |
Serial ![sorted by Serial field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
350 |
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Author |
Green, M.J.B.; Zhimbiev, B. |
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Title |
Transboundary Protected Areas and Snow Leopard Conservation |
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1997 |
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194-202 |
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conservation; parks; park; reserve; refuge; snow-leopard; management; Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; Pakistan; Nepal; India; Mongolia; Russia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; habitat; protected-area; kazakstan; snow leopard; browse; protected; area; 3000 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson and A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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SLN @ rana @ 312 |
Serial ![sorted by Serial field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
351 |
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Author |
Green, R. |
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Title |
Toxoplasmosis: Blood disease in cats can strike man as well |
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1977 |
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Seattle Times |
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Blood; Disease; Cats; cat |
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SLN @ rana @ 1087 |
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352 |
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Author |
Gripenberg, U. |
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Title |
Comparison of chromosome banding patterns in the snow leopard (Panthera uncial) and in other felids |
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Unsupported: Serial (Book, Monograph) |
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1982 |
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135-138 |
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Banding; Chromosome; felids; International; patterns; pedigree; snow leopard |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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3 |
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SLN @ rana @ 966 |
Serial ![sorted by Serial field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
353 |
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Gripenberg, U.; Blomqvist, L.; Pamilo, P.; Soderlnd, V.; Tarkkanene, A.; Whalberg, C.; Varvio-Aho, S.L.; Virtaranta-Knowles, K. |
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Title |
Multiple Ocular Colomboma (MOC) in Snow Leopards |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Hereditas |
Abbreviated Journal |
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103 |
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221-229 |
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Keywords |
medical; veterinary; medicine; colombomas; browse; 4120 |
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Internation Snow Leopard Trust and The Wildlife Institute of India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinigar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 414 |
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355 |
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