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	Author	Michel, S., Michel, T. R., Saidov, A., Karimov, K., Alidodov, M., Kholmatov, I.
	Title	Population status of Heptner’s markhor Capra falconeri heptneri in Tajikistan: challenges for conservation			Type	Journal Article
	Year		Publication	Flora & Fauna International	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-8
	Keywords	Capra falconeri, CITES, community-based wildlife management, conservancies, hunting, markhor, sustainable use
	Abstract	Heptner’s markhor Capra falconeri heptneri is an Endangered wild goat occurring in disjunct populations in southern Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Surveys to determine the total population in Tajikistan were conducted during February–April 2012. A total of 1,018 animals were observed. In most areas, which include state protected areas and family- and communitybased conservancies, markhor populations are stable or increasing. Threats include illegal hunting, habitat degradation, competition with livestock and disease transmission. To motivate conservancies economically to protect markhor populations, trophy hunting should be permitted to accommodate the sustainable use of markhor, with revenues distributed in a transparent and equitably shared manner.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1437
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	Author	Alexander, S., A., Zhang, C., Shi, K., Riordan, P.
	Title	A granular view of a snow leopard population using camera traps in Central China			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Biological Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	197	Pages	27-31
	Keywords	Snow leopard Camera trap China Density Monitoring
	Abstract	Successful conservation of the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) relies on the effectiveness of monitoring programmes. We present the results of a 19-month camera trap survey effort, conducted as part of a longterm study of the snow leopard population in Qilianshan National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, China. Weassessed the minimumnumber of individual snowleopards and population density across different sampling periods using spatial capture–recapture methods. Between 2013–2014, we deployed 34 camera traps across an area of 375 km2, investing a total of 7133 trap-days effort. Weidentified a total number of 17–19 unique individuals from photographs (10–12 adults, five sub-adults and two cubs). The total number of individuals identified and estimated density varied across sampling periods, between 10–15 individuals and 1.46–3.29 snow leopards per 100 km2 respectively. We demonstrate that snow leopard surveys of limited scale and conducted over short sampling periods only present partial views of a dynamic and transient system.We also underline the challenges in achieving a sufficient sample size of captures and recaptures to assess trends in snow leopard population size and/or density for policy and conservation decision-making
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1436
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	Author	Chen, P., Gao, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Cering, L., Shi, K., Clark, S. G.
	Title	Human–carnivore coexistence in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Nature Reserve, China: Patterns and compensation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Biological Conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	197	Pages	18-26
	Keywords	Conflict Compensation Human–carnivore coexistence Management Predation patterns Qomolangma Nature Reserve
	Abstract	Livestock depredation by large carnivores is frequently reported in Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Seeking to minimize conflicts, we assessed depredation patterns and ways to upgrade the compensation program. We gathered 9193 conflict records over 2011–2013 to determine the extent and tempo-spatial patterns of the depredation.Weinterviewed 22 local officials and 94 residents to learn their views on depredations and to assess the adequacy of compensation. Data showed that wolves (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx lynx), and snowleopards (Panthera uncia)were themajor livestock predators. Total livestock loss accounted for 1.2% of the entire stockholding (n=846,707) in the region. Wolves and lynx tended to take sheep and goats,whereas snowleopards favored yaks and cattle in relation to their proportional abundance. Predation mostly occurred in March through July. Livestock depredation by all predators when combined was best explained by terrain ruggedness and density of small- and large-bodied livestock. Temporal and spatial predation patterns variedamong carnivores.Most respondents (74%) attributed depredation causes to an increase in carnivore abundance. Only 7% blamed lax livestock herding practice for predation losses. Five percent said that predation was the result of livestock population increases, while 11% had no idea. The compensation scheme was found to be flawed in all aspects—predation verification, application procedure, compensation standard, operational resource allocation, making payment, and other problems. To enhance management for human–carnivore coexistence, we recommend a problem-oriented, integrated, adaptive approach that targets the complex social context of the conflict and addresses the interconnected functions of decision-making process.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1435
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Cusack, J. J., Pengju, C, Kun, S., Riordan, P.
	Title	Conservation of snow leopards: spill-over benefits for other carnivores?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Oryx	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Fauna & Flora International	Pages	1-5
	Keywords	China, conservation, Eurasian lynx, grey wolf, red fox, snow leopard
	Abstract	In high-altitude settings of Central Asia the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia has been recognized as a potential umbrella species. As a first step in assessing the potential benefits of snow leopard conservation for other carnivores, we sought a better understanding of the presence of other carnivores in areas occupied by snow leopards in China’s Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. We used camera-trap and sign surveys to examine whether other carnivores were using the same travel routes as snow leopards at two spatial scales. We also considered temporal interactions between species. Our results confirm that other carnivores, including the red fox Vulpes vulpes, grey wolf Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and dhole Cuon alpinus, occur along snow leopard travel routes, albeit with low detection rates. Even at the smaller scale of our camera trap survey all five carnivores (snow leopard, lynx, wolf, red fox and dhole) were observed. Kernel density estimates suggested a high degree of temporal overlap between the snow leopard and the fox, and the snow leopard and the lynx, as indicated by high overlap coefficient estimates. There is an opportunity to consider protective measures at the local scale that would benefit various species simultaneously. However, it should also be recognized that snow leopard conservation efforts could exacerbate human–wildlife conflicts through their protective effect on other carnivore species.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1434
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Shi, K., Tallents, L. A., Riordan, P.
	Title	On the high trail: examining determinants of site use by the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia in Qilianshan, China			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Oryx	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	Fauna & Flora International	Pages	1-8
	Keywords	Camera Trap, China, Detection Probability, Occupancy Modelling, Panthera Uncia, Site use, Snow Leopard
	Abstract	Abstract There is a need for simple and robust techniques for assessment and monitoring of populations of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia to inform the de- velopment of action plans for snow leopard conservation. We explored the use of occupancy modelling to evaluate the influence of environmental and anthropogenic features on snow leopard site-use patterns. We conducted a camera trap survey across  km in Gansu Province, China, and used data from  camera traps to estimate probabilities of site use and detection using the single season occupancy model. We assessed the influence of three covariates on site use by snow leopards: elevation, the presence of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and the presence of human disturb- ance (distance to roads). We recorded  captures of snow leopards over , trap-days, representing a mean capture success of . captures per  trap-days. Elevation had the strongest influence on site use, with the probability of site use increasing with altitude, whereas the influence of presence of prey and distance to roads was relatively weak. Our findings indicate the need for practical and robust tech- niques to appraise determinants of site use by snow leo- pards, especially in the context of the limited resources available for such work.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1433
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	Author	Taubmann, J., Sharma, K., Uulu, K Z., Hines, J. E., Mishra, C.
	Title	Status assessment of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and other large mammals in the Kyrgyz Alay, using community knowledge corrected for imperfect detection			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Fauna & Flora International	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords	Capra sibirica, local knowledge, Lynx lynx, occupancy modelling, Ovis ammon polii, Panthera uncia, Ursus arctos
	Abstract	The Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in the Central Asian Mountains, which cover c.  million km. Little is known about its status in the Kyrgyz Alay Mountains, a relatively narrow stretch of habitat connecting the southern and northern global ranges of the species. In  we gathered information on current and past (, the last year of the Soviet Union) distributions of snow leopards and five sympatric large mammals across , km of the Kyrgyz Alay.We interviewed  key informants from local communities. Across  -km grid cells we obtained , and  records of species occurrence (site use) in  and , respectively. The data were analysed using themulti-season site occupancy framework to incorporate uncertainty in detection across interviewees and time periods. High probability of use by snow leopards in the past was recorded in .% of the Kyrgyz Alay. Between the two sampling periods % of sites showed a high probability of local extinction of snow leopard. We also recorded high probability of local extinction of brown bear Ursus arctos (% of sites) and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon polii (% of sites), mainly in regions used intensively by people. Data indicated a high probability of local colonization by lynx Lynx lynx in % of the sites. Although wildlife has declined in areas of central and eastern Alay, regions in the north-west, and the northern and southern fringes appear to retain high conservation value.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1432
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	Author	Alexander, J. S., Gopalswamy, A. M., Shi, K., Riordan, P.
	Title	Face Value: Towards Robust Estimates of Snow Leopard Densities			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Plos One	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Densities, Snow Leopard, Camera traps, Spatial Capture Recapture models
	Abstract	When densities of large carnivores fall below certain thresholds, dramatic ecological effects can follow, leading to oversimplified ecosystems. Understanding the population status of such species remains a major challenge as they occur in low densities and their ranges are wide. This paper describes the use of non-invasive data collection techniques combined with recent spatial capture-recapture methods to estimate the density of snow leopards Panthera uncia. It also investigates the influence of environmental and human activity indicators on their spatial distribution. A total of 60 camera traps were systematically set up during a three-month period over a 480 km2 study area in Qilianshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. We recorded 76 separate snow leopard captures over 2,906 trapdays, representing an average capture success of 2.62 captures/100 trap-days. We identified a total number of 20 unique individuals from photographs and estimated snow leopard density at 3.31 (SE = 1.01) individuals per 100 km2. Results of our simulation exercise indicate that our estimates from the Spatial Capture Recapture models were not optimal to respect to bias and precision (RMSEs for density parameters less or equal to 0.87). Our results underline the critical challenge in achieving sufficient sample sizes of snow leopard captures and recaptures. Possible performance improvements are discussed, principally by optimising effective camera capture and photographic data quality.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1431
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	Author	Rodgers, T. W.,Janecka, J. E.
	Title	Applications and techniques for non-invasive faecal genetics research in felid conservation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Conservation . Elusive species . Faecal DNA . Felidae . Non-invasive genetics
	Abstract	Non-invasive genetic techniques utilising DNA extracted from faeces hold great promise for felid conservation research. These methods can be used to establish species distributions, model habitat requirements, analyse diet, estimate abundance and population density, and form the basis for population, landscape and conservation genetic analyses. Due to the elusive nature of most felid species, non-invasive genetic methods have the potential to provide valuable data that cannot be obtained with traditional observational or capture techniques. Thus, these methods are particularly valuable for research and conservation of endangered felid species. Here, we review recent studies that use non-invasive faecal genetic techniques to survey or study wild felids; provide an overview of field, laboratory and analysis techniques; and offer suggestions on how future non-invasive genetic studies can be expanded or improved to more effectively support conservation.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1430
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	Author	Janecka, J. E., Alves, P., Karmacharya, D., Samsel, N., Cheng, E., Tallmom, D., Schwartz, M.
	Title	Wildlife Genetics in Mountainous Rugged Asian Landscapes: Methods, Applications and Examples			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2013	Publication	Wildlife Research Techniques in rugged Mountainous Asian Landscapes	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	44-91
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	Abstract
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1429
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	Author	Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J.
	Title	Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Conservation Genetic Resource	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	2	Pages	369:373
	Keywords	Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification
	Abstract	Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1428
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