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	Author	Sumiya, G.; Buyantsog, B.; WWF Mongolia Country Office
	Title	Conservation of Snow Leopard in the Turgen and Tsagaan Shuvuut Mountains Through Local Involvement			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow; leopard; uncia; Mongolia; conservation; protected; areas; status; threats; projects; prey; habitat; monitoring; pasture; land; cooperation; herders; environmental; eco-tourism; public; awareness; 5100
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Islt	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 496			Serial	947
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	Author	Taber, R.D.
	Title	Toward a Free-Living Snow Leopard Recovery Plan			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	261
	Keywords	snow-leopard-recovery-plan; recovery; conservation; Islt; Species-survial-plan; management; browse; 4240
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	ISLT and Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text Available at URLAuthor Affiliation: ISLTTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 412			Serial	956
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	Author	Usgs; International Snow Leopard Trust
	Title	Snow Leopard Habitat Map			Type	Map
	Year	1995	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	map; habitat; 4860; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; range; Pakistan; resource; Division; trust; International; symposium; Jackson
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	ISLT and World Wide Fund for Nature - Pakistan	Place of Publication	Pakistan	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Snow leopard range map published in: Proceedings of the Eighth International Snow Leopard Symposium. Held in Islamabad, Pakistan 12-16 November 1995. Editors of proceedings: Rodney Jackson and Ashiq Ahmad. Map authors U.S.G.S. Biological Resources Division and Snow Leopard Trust. Page 9.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 471			Serial	979
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	Author	Harder, T.; Toropova, V.
	Title	Snow leopard conservation in Kyrghyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)			Type	Report
	Year	2000	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-1
	Keywords	conservation; Iucn; Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IUCN (The World Conservation Union)	Place of Publication		Editor	Kovshar, A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	IUCN (The World Conservation Union) Newsletter	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 967			Serial	370
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	Author	Emanoil, M.
	Title	Snow leopard: Uncia (panthers) uncia			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1994	Publication	Encyclopedia of Endangered Species	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	205-206
	Keywords	endangered; endangered species; snow leopard; uncia
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IUCN, Gale Research Inc.	Place of Publication		Editor	Emanoil, M.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 963			Serial	253
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	Author	Freeman, H.
	Title	Phantom cat			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	1979	Publication	Puget Soundings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	8-13
	Keywords	captive, zoo, Woodland Park Zoo, snow leopard
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Junior League of Seattle	Place of Publication	Seattle, Washington	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1288
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	Author	Trivedi, P.
	Title	Project Snow Leopard: Participatory conservation model for the Indian Himalaya			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Mountain Forum Bulletin	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Ix	Issue	2	Pages	52-54
	Keywords	assessment; biodiversity; biodiversity assessment; conservation; global; Himalaya; Icimod; indian; links; mountain; network; participatory; project; Project-snow-leopard; project snow leopard; projects; research; resource; snow-leopard; snow leopard; Support
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Mountain Forum	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1815-2139	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	More details at: www.conservation.in or www.ncf-india.org and www.wii.gov.in Newsletter published biannually by Mountain Forum: www.mtnforum.org. Editorial Team: Marianne Heredge, Ujol Sherchan, Frans Neuman, Laura Keenan, Sunita Chaudhary, Suman Jaiswal. This newlstter edition is a joint product of the Mountain Forum, GMBA and MRI with support from ICIMOD, and brings together contributions from the three networks and partners. It also has a section on links to interesting organisations, resources and projects on Mountain Biodiversity. Published by the Mountain Forum Secretariat in collaboration with the respective Nodes in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and North America and with the assistance of the Mountain Research Initiative (MRI) and the Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA).			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1054			Serial	969
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	Author	Chadwick, D.H.
	Title	Out of the Shadows: The elusive Central Asian snow leopard steps into a			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	2008	Publication	National geographic	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	213	Issue	6	Pages	106-129
	Keywords	conservation, research, snow leopard, Uncia uncia
	Abstract	The elusive Central Asian snow leopard steps into a risk-filled future.
	Address
	Corporate Author	National Geographic Society			Thesis
	Publisher	National Geographic Society	Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1113
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	Author	Chalise, M.K.; Shakya, P.R.
	Title	EDITORIAL: Snow Leopard Investigation in Langtang			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Nahson Bulletin	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12-13	Issue	2002-2003	Pages	1-1
	Keywords	snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; Langtang
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Natural History Society of Nepal	Place of Publication	Kathmandu	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1097			Serial	210
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	Author	Subbotin, A.E.; Istomov, S.V.
	Title	The population status of snow leopards Uncia uncia (Felidae, Carnivora) in the western Sayan Mountain Ridge			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Doklady Biologicl Sciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	425	Issue		Pages	183-186
	Keywords	population; status; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Felidae; Carnivora; Sayan; mountain; Russian; Test; species; cat; Russia; area; range; Data; study; activity; activities; behavior; habitats; habitat; humans; Human; number; description; Animal; structure
	Abstract	The snow leopard (Uncia uncial Schreber, 1776) is the most poorly studied species of the cat family in the world and, in particular, in Russia, where the northern periphery of the species area (no more than 3% of it) is located in the Altai-Hangai-Sayan range [1]. It is generally known that the existing data on the Russian part of the snow leopard population have never been a result of targeted studies; at best, they have been based on recording the traces of the snow leopard vital activity [2]. This is explained by the snow leopard's elusive behavior, inaccessibility of its habitats for humans, and its naturally small total numbers in the entire species area. All published data on the population status of the snow leopard in Russia, from the first descriptions of the species [3-6] to the latest studies [7, 8] are subjective, often speculative, and are not confirmed by quantitative estimates. It is obvious, however, that every accurate observation of this animal is of particular interest [9]. The purpose of our study was to determine the structure and size of the population group presumably inhabiting the Western Sayan mountain ridge at the northern boundary of the species area
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0012-4966	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Original Russian test published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 425, No.6, pp.846-849.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1005			Serial	941
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	Author	Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	Elusive leopard of the mountains			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1997	Publication	In Danger: habitats, species and people	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	11-17
	Keywords	snow leopard, India
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Ranthambhore Foundation	Place of Publication	New Delhi, India	Editor	Manfredi, R.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1198
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	Author	Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S.
	Title	Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	55	Issue	4	Pages	315-327
	Keywords	vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest
	Abstract	Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd.	Place of Publication	Israel	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1109
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	Author	Chalise, M.K.
	Title	Nepalka Samrakshit Banyajantu (Nepal's Protected Wildlife in Nepali language)			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	106-108
	Keywords	government; language; leopard; leopards; Nepal; protected; snow; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; wildlife
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Shajha Prakashan	Place of Publication	Lalitpur, Kathmandu	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	In Nepalese language only. Includes only the chapter on snow leopards and the book cover. The book is published by a government corporate house of publication.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1058			Serial	211
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	Author	Anonymous
	Title	Snow leopard conservancy annual report, 2001			Type	Report
	Year	2001	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-8
	Keywords	snow leopard; Snow Leopard Conservancy
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Snow Leopard Conservancy	Place of Publication	Los Gatos, California, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 994			Serial	94
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	Author	Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C.
	Title	Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Oecologia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-10
	Keywords	browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya
	Abstract	Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer-Verlag	Place of Publication	Online	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1062			Serial	951
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	Author	Guggisberg, C.A.W.
	Title	Snow Leopard, Ounce			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1975	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow-leopard; ounce; history; discovery; taxonomy; snow leopard; browse; 1650
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Taplinger Publication Co. Inc.	Place of Publication	New York	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	A general brief history of the snow leoaprd ProCite field [32]: Wild Cats of the World			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 29			Serial	359
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D.
	Title	Surveying Snow Leopard Populations with Emphasis on Camera Trapping: A Handbook			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-73
	Keywords	snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; conservation; populations; population; camera; camera trapping; trapping; Chinese
	Abstract	This handbook provides an introduction to snow leopard population survey techniques, followed by a detailed account of camera trapping methods.During the 2002 through 2004 winter field seasons, the Snow Leopard Conservancy experimented with infrared camera trapping techniques to define a methodology suitable for the high altitude environment. In 2001 and 2002, much of our time was spent familiarizing ourselves with various infrared camera traps, their operation and setup, and comparing the effectiveness of different models and sensor types. We placed infrared camera traps along frequently used travel corridors at or near scent-sprayed rocks (rock scents) and scrape sites within 16 km2 sampling cells between January and March in 2003 and 2004. A total of 66 and 49 captures of snow leopards were tallied during 2003 and 2004, resulting in an overall capture success of 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights, respectively. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.46. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 ± 0.22 individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 ± 0.16 in 2004, with the disparity between years largely attributed to different trapping densities. Snow leopard abundance estimates were calculated using the computer program CAPTURE.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Snow Leopard Conservancy	Place of Publication	Sonoma, California	Editor
	Language	Chinese	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Chinese translation.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1015			Serial	473
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	Author	Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D.
	Title	Surveying Snow Leopard Populations with Emphasis on Camera Trapping: A Handbook			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2005	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-73
	Keywords	snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; populations; population; camera; camera trapping; trapping
	Abstract	This handbook provides an introduction to snow leopard population survey techniques, followed by a detailed account of camera trapping methods.During the 2002 through 2004 winter field seasons, the Snow Leopard Conservancy experimented with infrared camera trapping techniques to define a methodology suitable for the high altitude environment. In 2001 and 2002, much of our time was spent familiarizing ourselves with various infrared camera traps, their operation and setup, and comparing the effectiveness of different models and sensor types. We placed infrared camera traps along frequently used travel corridors at or near scent-sprayed rocks (rock scents) and scrape sites within 16 km2 sampling cells between January and March in 2003 and 2004. A total of 66 and 49 captures of snow leopards were tallied during 2003 and 2004, resulting in an overall capture success of 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights, respectively. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.46. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 ± 0.22 individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 ± 0.16 in 2004, with the disparity between years largely attributed to different trapping densities. Snow leopard abundance estimates were calculated using the computer program CAPTURE.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Snow Leopard Conservancy	Place of Publication	Sonoma, California	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	English version.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1016			Serial	474
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	Author	Simon, N., Geroudet, P.
	Title	Last Survivores: The Natural History of Animals in Danger of Extinction			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1970	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	127-131
	Keywords	snow leopard, Panthera uncia
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The World Publishing Company	Place of Publication	New York	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1186
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	Author	Theile, S.
	Title	Fading Footprints: The Killing and Trade of Snow Leopards			Type	Report
	Year	2003	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow; leopard; poaching; trade; traffic; Cites; endangered; hunting; 5130
	Abstract	Snow Leopards, in a genus of their own, are endangered big cats. They inhabit rugged, mountainous terrain, in 12 range States – Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. There are regional differences in prey, but the cats' natural prey includes ungulates and rodents. The global population of Snow Leopards is estimated to be between about 4000 and 7000, but sharp declines in populations have been reported over the past decade from parts of the species's range. High levels of hunting for the animals' skins and for live animals, for zoos, during the last century contributed to the species's endangered status and, from the 1970s, legal measures were taken for its protection. In 1975, the species was listed in Appendix I of CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora) and in 1985 it became an Appendix-I species of the Convention of Migratory Species. It has been accorded nation-wide legal protection in almost every range State, in some cases since the 1970s. In spite of such provision, Snow Leopards have been hunted during the 1990s in numbers as high as at any time in the past and this killing continues in the present century. This report details the status of illegal poaching and trade in snow leopards in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Traffic International	Place of Publication	Caimbridge, UK	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 499			Serial	965
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	Author	Bowling, B.
	Title	The Legal Status of Snow Leopards in Afghanistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	legal; snow leopard; Afghanistan; Cities; Cbd; Convention on Biological Diversity; 5740
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	United Nations Environment Programme	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 502			Serial	188
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	Author	Schaller, G.
	Title	Mountain Mammals			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1977	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	146-159
	Keywords	snow leopard
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Chicago Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Book chapter. University of Chicago Press.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 928			Serial	852
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	Author	Manati, A.R.
	Title	Fur trade of large cats and the question of the subspecies status of leopards in Afghanistan (Der Handel mit Fellen von Grosskatzen und die Abklärung der Unterartenfrage beim			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	125
	Keywords	fur trade, genetics, leopard, Panthera pardus, snow leopard, subspecies, Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Over a time of four years the bazars of Afghanistan were surveyed for furs of spotted wild cats, in particular leopards and snow leopards. In 2004 in Kabul a total of 28 furs of leopards were purchased by shopkeepers and 21 sold at an average price of 825 $. In the same year 25 furs of snow leopards were purchased and 19 sold to clients at an average price of 583 $. In 2006 at a single inspection double as many furs of leopards were found to be offered for sale in comparison to the whole year of 2004. Also prices had increased over the two years by 20 % to an average of 1037 $. Similarly the number of furs of snow leopards at 21 pieces was higher than in 2004, and the prices had increased to an average of 652 $. In 2007 investigations rendered more difficult, because the authorities had started to control the fur trade, and the results are not unequivocal. Clients were without any exception foreigners. Surveys in 2004 in Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, Takhar and Faiz Abad, in 2006 additionally in Baharak and Iskashem in the province of Badakhshan, revealed a regular trade in furs of spotted cats, however not as extensive as in Kabul. The most interesting finding was a fur of a cheetah in Mazar-e-Sharif, the first record of this species after 35 years. From the surveys can be concluded that leopards still exist in the whole range of its distribution area in Afghanistan. However they don't allow any conclusion on the population size and its threat by hunting. In contrast to the leopard there exists a recent estimation of the population size of the snow leopard, saying that there are still 100 to 200 snow leopards living in Afghanistan. On the basis of these figures as well as the numbers of furs traded annually a Population and Habitat Viability Analysis was conducted. The result of this analysis is alarming. It has to be assumed that the snow leopard will be extinct in Afghanistan within the next ten years. To improve the protection of spotted cats in Afghanistan it needs both, a better implementation of the existing legislation as well as an awareness campaign among potential clients, i. e. foreigners living in Afghanistan. The second part of this thesis deals with the question of subspecies of leopards in Afghanistan. Out of the 27 subspecies described four are believed to exist in Afghanistan. However, according to a molecularbiological revision of the species there occurs only one subspecies in Afghanistan, Panthera pardus saxicolor. To clarify the subspecies question various measures of furs had been taken in the bazars. The results revealed that the leopards in Afghanistan are the biggest of its species. However a further differentiation according to the area of origin within the country was not possible. Also the traditional differentiation on the basis of colours and patterns on the furs was not possible. In contrast to the molecularbiological investigations published not only samples of zoo animals were available in this study but also samples from the wild. The own results confim that almost all leopards from Afghanistan and Iran belong to one and the same subspecies, P. p. saxicolor. Only in the most eastern part of Afghanistan, the Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, can be found. The International Studbook for the Persian Leopard was analysed. The whole population derives from a few founder animals, which were imported in the midth fifties from Iran and in the late sixties from Afghanistan. To avoid inbreeding later on the Iranian and the Afghan lines were mixed. A female imported in 1968 from Kabul to Cologne is represented in each of the more than 100 today living animals.Mixing the two lines subsequently is justified by the genetic results of this study. Recently acquired animals from the Caucasus, however, should be tested genetically before integrating them into the zoo population.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Köln	Place of Publication	Germany	Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1123
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	Author	McCarthy, T.
	Title	Ecology and Conservation of Snow Leopards, Gobi Brown Bears, and Wild Bactrian Camels in Mongolia			Type	Book Whole
	Year	2000	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard; Uncia uncia; Mongolia; radio-collar; habitat use; movements; ecology; wild camel; brown bear; 5340
	Abstract	Snow leopard ecology, distribution and abundance in Mongolia were studied between 1993 and 1999. I placed VHF and satellite radio-collars on 4 snow leopards, 2 males and 2 females, to determine home ranges, habitat use, movements, and activity. Home ranges of snow leopards in Mongolia were substantially larger than reported elsewhere. Males ranged over 61 – 142 km2 and female 58 to 1,590 km2. Cats had crepuscular activity patterns with daily movements averaging 5.1 km. Intraspecific distances averaged 1.3 km for males to 7.8 km for males. Leopards selected moderately to very-broken habitat with slopes > 20o, in areas containing ibex. Leopard distribution and abundance was determined using sign surveys. Leopard range in Mongolia is approximately 103,000 km2 but cats are not uniformly distributed within that range. High-density areas include the eastern and central Transaltai Gobi and the northern Altai ranges. Relative leopard densities compared well with relative ibex densities on a regional basis. A snow leopard conservation plan was drafted for Mongolia that identifies problems and threats, and provides an action plan. Wild Bactrian camels occur in the Great Gobi National Park (GGNP) and are thought to be declining due to low recruitment. I surveyed camels by jeep and at oases, observing 142 (4.2% young) and 183 (5.3% young) in 1997 and 1998. Current range was estimated at 33,300 km2. Some winter and calving ranges were recently abandoned. Track sizes and tooth ages from skulls were used to assess demographics. A deterministic model was produced that predicts camel extinction within 25 to 50 years under current recruitment rates and population estimates. Gobi brown bears are endemic to Mongolia and may number less than 35. Three population isolates may occur. I collected genetic material from bears at oases using hair traps. Microsatellite analyses of nuclear DNA determined sixteen unique genotypes, only two of which occurred at more than one oases. Genetic diversity was very low with expected heterozygosity = 0.32, and alleles per locus = 2.3. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were compared to other clades of brown bear and found to fall outside of all known lineages.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	University of Massachusetts, Amherst	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 519			Serial	663
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	Author	Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	Ecological Studies of Snow Leopard and its Associated Prey Species in Hemis High Altitude Park, Ladakh (J&K)			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1992	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	90 pages
	Keywords	India; Ladakh; snow-leopard; predator; prey; herder; blue-sheep; habitat; herders; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 980
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	University of Rajasthan	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Snow Leopard Trust holds one copyPlace of Publication: Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology, Environmental and Population Studies, University of Rajastan, Jaipur-302 004, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1992			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 188			Serial	224
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