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Author Janeč ka, J.E., Munkhtsog, B., Jackson, R.M., Naranbaatar, G., Mallon, D.P. & Murphy, W.J.   
  Title Comparison of noninvasive genetic and camera-trapping techniques for surveying snow leopards Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 92 Issue 4 Pages 771-783  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is widely but sparsely distributed throughout the mountainous regions of central Asia. Detailed information on the status and abundance of the snow leopard is limited because of the logistical challenges faced when working in the rugged terrain it occupies, along with its secretive nature. Camera-trapping and noninvasive genetic techniques have been used successfully to survey this felid. We compared noninvasive genetic and camera-trapping snow leopard surveys in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. We collected 180 putative snow leopard scats from 3 sites during an 8-day period along 37.74 km of transects. We then conducted a 65-day photographic survey at 1 of these sites, approximately 2 months after scat collection. In the site where both techniques were used noninvasive genetics detected 5 individuals in only 2 days of fieldwork compared to 7 individuals observed in the 65-day camera-trapping session. Estimates of population size from noninvasive genetics ranged between 16 and 19 snow leopards in the 314.3-km2 area surveyed, yielding densities of 4.9–5.9 individuals/100 km2. In comparison, the population estimate from the 65-day photographic survey was 4 individuals (adults only) within the 264-km2 area, for a density estimate of 1.5 snow leopards/100 km2. Higher density estimates from the noninvasive genetic survey were due partly to an inability to determine age and exclude subadults, reduced spatial distribution of sampling points as a consequence of collecting scats along linear transects, and deposition of scats by multiple snow leopards on common sites. Resulting differences could inflate abundance estimated from noninvasive genetic surveys and prevent direct comparison of densities derived from the 2 approaches unless appropriate adjustments are made to the study design.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) American Society of Mammalogists Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DOI: 10.1644/10-MAMM-A-036.1; URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-036.1 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1351  
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Author Jalanka, H.H.; Roeken, B. url 
  Title The use of Medetomidine, Medetomidine-Ketamine combinations, and Atipamezole in nondomestic mammals: A review Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 259-282  
  Keywords use; medetomidine; atipamezole; mammals  
  Abstract The recent development of potent and specifica lphar-adrenoceptoar gonistsa nd antagonists has enhanced their use in nondomestic animal immobilization and reversal. Medetomidine, a new potent alphar-agonist, in combination with the dissociative anesthetic ketamine, has been used to immobilize a variety of nondomestic mammals. Medetomidine alone induces sedation in a dose-dependent way, and complete immobilization has been achieved with high doses in semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and blue foxes (Alopex lagopus). Howbver, we feel that ketamine should be added to the immobilization mixture to ensure complete immobilization and operator safety. In ketamine combinations, medetomidine doses are usually 60-100 pg/kg. The required ketamine doses are remarkably low:0.8-1.6 mglkg in most ruminants,2.5-3.0 mgUgin felids,u rsids,a nd canids,a nd 5.G-8.0m glkgi n primates,w olverines(Gulog ulo),ando therm uitelids. Clinically, the resulting immobilization is characterized by a smooth onset, good to excellent myorelaxation, and areflexia at higher doses. Determinations of hematologic, serum biochemicil, arterial blood gas,a nd acid-bases tatusp arametersi ndicate that the immobilization is physiologically sound. We have had no fatalities attributable to the immobilization mixture ( I ,240 immobilizations). The alphar-adrenoceptora ntagonist,a tipamezole,i s highly efective in reversingt he immobilization induced by medetomidine, medetomidine-ketamine combinations, or xylazine. In ruminants, the medetomidine-ketamine-induced immobilization can be rapidly and persistently reversed by administering 100-l 50 1rg/kg of alipamezole i.v. and the rest s.c., adjusting the total atipamezole dose to an atipamezole: medetomidine ratio of approximately 4-5 (w/w). Becauseth e required ketamine doses are relatively high in carnivores, we prefer to use a lower atipamezole dose (totil atipamezoie: medetomidine ratio approximately 2-3 w/w) and to administer it i.m. or s.c. Using thii regimen, reversals are calm and animals show minimal “residual ketamine effect.” Because atipamezole is a competitive antagonist, its dose should be reduced if it is administered late in the immobilization period when a large part of medetomidine has been endogenously metabolized. Xylazine-induced immobilization is rapidly reversed by I mg of atipamezole for every 8-12 mg of xylazine used.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1081 Serial 486  
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Author Izold, J. url 
  Title Snow Leopard Enterprise: a conservation project that saves an endangered species and supports needy families Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Anim.Keepers' Forum Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue 5 Pages 359-364  
  Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; project; endangered; endangered species; endangered-species; species; Support; union; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; wild; Iucn; Animals; Animal; tiger; extinction; former; zoo; Freeman; trust; work; cat; community-based; projects; Sle; impact; poverty; community; Mongolia; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Pakistan; 300; economic; incentives; prey; sustainable; herding; number; territory; income; training; products; wool; local; local people; people; zoos; Woodland-Park-Zoo; park; zoological; ecosystem  
  Abstract The World Conservation Union listed the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as endangered in 1974. With as few as 3,500 snow leopards left in the wild, scientists placed the snow leopard on the IUCN Red List of critically endangered species shared by animals such as the giant panda and tiger. In an effort to save the snow leopard from extinction, former zoo employee Helen Freeman founded the Snow Leopard Trust in 1981. The Snow Leopard Trust works to save this elusive cat by incorporating community-based conservation projects. One of these project Leopard Enterprise (SLE), impacts poverty stricken communities in Mongolia, Kyrgyz Republic, and Pakistan. It assists over 300 families in its conservation efforts. The economic incentives provided via SLE have led participating communities not to harm the snow leopard or its prey, and to practice sustainable herding. Since the project began in 1997, the number of snow leopards harmed around the communities' territories has dropped to near zero. Additionally, the annual income of families that utilize the benefits of SLE has increased by 25% to 40%. SLE creates this economic benefit by providing the training and equipment necessary to make desirable products from the wool of herd animals. Snow Leopard Trust then purchases these handicraft items from the local people and them globally. Zoos can expand their conservation efforts by simply offering these items in their gift shops. Woodland Park Zoo (WPZ) was the first zoological institution to sell the products, and WPZ continues to generate revenue from them. SLE is a golden opportunity for zoos to increase revenue, assist poor families, and save an endangered species and fragile ecosystem.  
  Address  
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  Publisher (down) American Association of Zoo Keepers Place of Publication Topeka, Kansas Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Author from Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH, USA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 976 Serial 425  
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Author Jackson, P. url 
  Title The Snow Leopard: A Flagship for Biodiversity in the Mountains of Central Asia Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 3-7  
  Keywords Afghanistan; Bhutan; China; India; kazakstan; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Nepal; Pakistan; Russia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; ecology; distribution; parks; park; reserve; status; refuge; habitat; herders; biodiversity; herder; livestock; prey; protected-area; Kazakhstan; protected; area; browse; 2030  
  Abstract  
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  Publisher (down) Allied Press Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 314 Serial 429  
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Author Jackson, R.; Ahmad, A. url 
  Title Introduction to the Proceedings (8th Snow Leopard Symp) Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages ix-x  
  Keywords Pakistan; livestock; herders; herder; snow-leopard; predator; predation; prey; habitat; status; distribution; snow leopard; browse; 2020  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Allied Press Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1977 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 315 Serial 456  
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Author Stroganov, S.U. url 
  Title Carnivorous Mammals of Siberia Type Book Chapter
  Year 1962 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 469-479  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Academy of Sciences of the USSR Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Translated from Russian in 1969, Jerusalem program for scientific translations Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1293  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bannikov, A.   
  Title Mammals of the Mongolian People's Republic Type Book Whole
  Year 1954 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Mongolia; snow-leopard; browse; 2680; Russian  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Academy of Sciences Place of Publication Moscow Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Russian Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 15 Serial 116  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Zhenhuang, S.   
  Title Economic Fauna of China Type Book Whole
  Year 1964 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords China; status; distribution; hunting; pelts; coats; bones; fur; browse; 3410  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) Academia Sinica Press Place of Publication China Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Chinese Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 19 Serial 1077  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Yang, Q.S.   
  Title Further study on the geographical distribution of Snow Leopards in Qinghai, China Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords 5630  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher (down) 7th Int. Snow Leopard Symp. Place of Publication Xining, China Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 547 Serial 1050  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Oruntaeva K.B. url 
  Title The Zailiyskiy natural national park Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1988 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 71-86  
  Keywords Kazakhstan; Zaaliyskiy national park; establishment; fauna; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7810; Russian  
  Abstract The Zailiyskiy state natural national park is suggested to establish in the center of northern micro slope of Zailiyskiy Alatau. There are 42 mammal, 138 bird, tow amphibian, and eight reptile and fish species, and 145 daylight butterfly species in the Zailiyskiy Alatay. Of them, seven mammal species such as argali, Tien Shan bear, snow leopard, Turkistan lynx, stone marten, Central Asian otter, and Indian porcupine are included in the Red Data Books of Kazakhstan and USSR.  
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  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: New nature reserves of Kazakhstan. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 759 Serial 755  
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