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Author Flint V.E.
Title The cats – Felidae Type Miscellaneous
Year 1970 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 149-164
Keywords Ussr; Felidae; taxonomy; distribution; snow leopard.; 6700; Russian
Abstract Description of 12 cats species from USSR (Felis silvestris, Felis libyca, Felis euptilura, Felis chaus, Felis lynx, Felis caracal, Felis •…‹u1, Felis margarita, Felis tigris, Felis pardus, Felis uncia, Aci‹Œ‹¢o jub…tus) is given. Snow leopard inhabited in mountain ridges of Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Altai and Sayan.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 648 Serial 279
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Author Formozov A.N.
Title Tiger and snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year 1952 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 169 171
Keywords Ussr; big cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard.; 6710; Russian
Abstract Over the last decades tiger, leopard and snow leopard were fully exterminated in many areas, where they formerly were common species and now became very rare ones. Few leopards can still be found in Caucasus, Copet-Dag (Turkmenistan) and south of Primorskiy krai. Irbis is remaining a common species only in the difficult-of-access highland areas of Tien Shan and very rare in the Altai. Tiger traces are sometimes found in the Amudarya river valley and in the taiga Sihote-Alinya in the Far East.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Pathfinder's companion. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 649 Serial 281
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Author Formozov A.N.
Title Tiger. Leopard. Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 38-40
Keywords Ussr; big cats; tiger; leopard; snow leopard.; 6730; Russian
Abstract The number of large cats is reducing. These animals are hold out in the most difficult of access places. During long time snow leopard was a poorly known animal. The situation was changed with developing of mountain tourism and mountaineering. It's necessary to reduce the capturing snow leopards for zoological gardens.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Pathfinder's companion. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 651 Serial 282
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Author Formozov A.N.
Title Seasonal migrations of mammals due to snow cover. Distribution of the Felidae family species Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 83-84
Keywords Migration; ungulates; carnivores; snow leopard.; 6740; Russian
Abstract It describes vertical migrations of ungulates (ibex, wild sheep) in the Semerechie, Altai, Sayans, Tuva, seasonal migrations of steppe ungulates (kulan and saiga), and migrations of predators (lynx, leopard, irbis, tiger, dhole, wolf, glutton) following ungulates during winters with thick snow cover. Shorter local migrations related to uneven snow cover are typical for corsac, fox, and wolf. An analysis of the Felidae family species distribution showed that northern border of the cat family species habitat is connected with borders of 20 30 cm thick snow cover rather than with landscape contours or typical habitats. With the exception of lynx, this can be referred to the large cat family species such as irbis, leopard, and tiger.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Snow cover in life of mammals and birds. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 652 Serial 283
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Author Formozov A.N.
Title Fauna of mountainous areas in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 115-126
Keywords Kazakhstan; mountains; fauna; snow leopard.; 6720; Russian
Abstract The author provides description of fauna of Kazakhstan's mountainous areas. Fauna of the mountain taiga is also typical for the forests of South Siberia. Ungulate species such as musk deer and ibex are common for rocky taiga areas. In the Altai, ibex, musk deer, and wild sheep are preyed on by dhole and snow leopard and more typical species such as glutton and wolf. Ibex, argali, and irbis are typical for Transili Ala-Tau and West Tien Shan. Tien Shan is the only area of the USSR with quite many irbis preserved. The ridges of this mountainous area located in Kazakhstan are very likely to be an area the most densely populated by snow leopards within the predator's habitat.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 650 Serial 284
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Author Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K.
Title Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Northwest India Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 283-298
Keywords ibex; leopard; snow-leopard; blue-sheep; Asiatic-ibex; asia; Himalayas; India; Himalaya; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; panthera; uncia; Pseudois; nayaur; Capra-ibex; parks; reserves; conservation; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; pseudois nayaur; capra; Asiatic; 790
Abstract Evidence of snow leopard presence was most abundant in C Ladakh, decreased southward toward the crest of the Himalaya, and was least on the S side of the main Himalaya. Prey populations, primarily blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra ibex, were also more plentiful in the areas surveyed to the N of the main Himalaya. Perhaps 400 snow leopard occur throughout NW India. The stronghold of this species in India is apparently the trans- Himalayan ranges in Ladakh where new parks and reserves are being established, some in association with a snow leopard recovery programme of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and a 'Project Snow Leopard' of the central Indian government. Because of the generally low density of snow leopard, conservation measures must also be considered within the large areas of its range lying outside parks and reserves. -from Authors
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Notes Full text at URLDocument Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 174 Serial 297
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Author Frolov M.V.
Title About establishment of the Dashti-Djum nature reserve in Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 124-126
Keywords Tajikistan; Dashti-Djum nature reserve; establishment; mammals; snow leopard.; 6750; Russian
Abstract The Dashti-Djum nature reserve is suggested to be established in an area of the Darvaza and Khazratishah ridges a habitat of markhor, ibex, long-tailed marmot, etc. Snow leopard and brawn bear are also found at some parts of the planned nature reserve.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Status and perspectives of wildlife protection in the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 653 Serial 326
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Author Geptner V.G.
Title Genus snow leopard or irbis Type Miscellaneous
Year 1972 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 2, Part 2. Issue Pages
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; identification; phylogeny; distribution; number; life history; use.; 6760; Russian
Abstract It describes genus and species features of snow leopard such as appearance, skull, sizes, phylogenetic links, distribution, geographic variability, biology including number, habitat, refuges, activity in daylight and night, behavioral patterns, reproduction, enemies and rivals, and practical use of the species.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of the Soviet Union. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 654 Serial 336
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Author Golub O.N.
Title The Ramit nature reserve and its problems Type Miscellaneous
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 60-61
Keywords Tajikistan; Ramit nature reserve; Animals; snow leopard; ibex; number; threats.; 6770; Russian
Abstract The following Red Data Book species inhabit the Ramit nature reserve: snow leopard, bear, lynx, otter, Bukhara deer, etc. Its population is indicated to be closely related to number of ibex (150 animals). The latter is subject to heavy anthropogenic pressure when migrating outside the nature reserve in winter.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The status and perspectives of wildlife protection in the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 655 Serial 337
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Author Golub O.N.
Title Perspective protection of rare mammal species in the nature reserves of Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 9-10
Keywords Tajikistan; snow leopard; ibex; protection.; 6780; Russian
Abstract In winter, some seven to 14 snow leopards come into the nature reserve “Ramit” when chasing ibex within their winter habitats. The nature reserve is yet the only remaining place for ibexes to winter in eastern part of the Gissar ridge. Some 150 200 ibexes winter in the nature reserve. The nature reserve should be extended towards highlands in order to protect snow leopards.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of III All-Union conference. Rare mammal species and their protection. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 656 Serial 338
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Author Grachev Yu.A.
Title Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Type Miscellaneous
Year 1978 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part 1. Vertebrate animals. Issue Pages 64-67
Keywords Kazakhstan; snow leopard; distribution; historical range; conservation.; 6790; Russian
Abstract Snow leopard is rare and endangered species. At present it is met in Tien Shan and the spurs: in the ridges of Pskem, Ugam, Karjantau, Talas, Kyrgyz, Zailiyskiy, Ketmene, Kungei Alatau, Terskey Alatau, as well as Jungar Alatau, Tarbagatai, Saure, and Altai. In 19th century, snow leopard used to be met in the Karatau ridge (the Syrdarya ridge). Over the last two decades population of snow leopard reduced due to increased development of mountainous areas and reduction of wild animal populations (ibex, argali, morals, marmots, etc.). In Kazakhstan, snow leopard is protected in the Aksu-Djabagly and Alma-Ata nature reserves.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Kazakh SSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 657 Serial 341
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Author Grachev Yu.A.
Title Snow leopard Type Miscellaneous
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol.1.Animals. Part 1.Vertebrates. Issue Pages 246-247
Keywords Kazakhstan; Red Data book; category of threat; distribution; number; conservation measure; captive breeding; snow leopard.; 6810; Russian
Abstract Status: rare (Category III). Distribution: Tien Shan mountains, Tarbagatai, Saur and Altai mountains. Total number in Kazakhstan does not exceed 200 individuals. The main threats are poaching and reduction number of preys. In Almaty Zoo captive breeding was successful in 1976 and 1985. Snow leopard is protected in Aksu Jabagly, Almaty and Markakol nature reserves. To ensure the survival of the species it is necessary to establish a reserve in Dzhungar mountains and to improve protection in existing nature reserves.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The Red data book of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 659 Serial 343
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Author Gromov I.M.
Title Felis (Uncia) uncia Schreber (1776) leopard or irbis Type Miscellaneous
Year 1963 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Part.2. Issue Pages 890-892
Keywords Ussr; taxonomy; morphology; distribution; biology; value; snow leopard.; 6820; Russian
Abstract An identification table for genus and species of mammals of USSR is given. The taxonomy, morphology, distribution and life history are described. The features of snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia, distribution, biology and practical value are described.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The mammals of USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 660 Serial 356
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Author Gulyaeva T.S.
Title About protection of natural complexes in south Altai Type Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 68-69
Keywords Kazakhstan; Altai; mammals; snow leopard.; 6830; Russian
Abstract To ensure proper conservation of valuable natural complexes it is proposed that a nature reserve be established in the upper river Bakhturma. There are over 20 mammal species there, dhole and snow leopard being included in the Red Data Book of the Kazakh SSR and Red List of IUCN.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Geographical problems of wildlife protection development. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 661 Serial 360
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Author Gvozdetskiy N.A.
Title Altitudal landscape zones Type Miscellaneous
Year 1970 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 142-151
Keywords Central Asia; geobotany; zoogeography; mountain zones; Animals; snow leopard.; 6840; Russian
Abstract It provides geobotanic and zoogeographic description of vertical landscape zoning. Particularly, in alpine meadows and meadow steppes and partially zone of mountain plateau (“syrt”) of highland, the common species are argali (Ovis ammon poloi), ibex (Capra sibirica sakeen), snow leopard (Felis uncia), Tien Shan bear (Ursus arctos leuconyx), and red pica; very numerous are marmots and vole (Microtus gregalis). The bird fauna includes Himalayan snow-cock (Tetraogallus himalayensis), Alpine chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus), chough (P. pyrrhocorax), horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), rosefinch species. There are many waterfowl birds on the lakes. There are many Central Asian, particularly Tibetan species among the animals inhabiting highlands of the Tien Shan.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Physical geography of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 662 Serial 364
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Author Gvozdev E.V.
Title Dzhungarsky nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1989 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 31-34
Keywords Kazakhstan; Dzungarian Ala Tau; biodiversity; mammals; snow leopard; protected area creation.; 6850; Russian
Abstract Fauna of the mammals in Dzungarian Ala Tau included 54 species, from them in IUCN Red book, the Red Data book of USSR and Kazakh Red Data Book listed snow leopard, dhole, brown bear, Central Asian otter, Turkestan lynx, manul, argali, marbled polecat and stone marten. Institute of geography of Kazakhstan offers the project on creation of protected territory on Dzungarian Ala Tau for biodiversity conservation and increase in number of rare and disappearing species.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Perspectives of creation of protected areas fund in Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 663 Serial 365
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Author Heiz A.V.
Title Some legal issues of snow leopard protection in the USSR Type Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 244-245
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; criminal responsibility; management responsibility; liability for breakage; protection; propaganda; counts.; 6860; Russian
Abstract Any commercial use or sport hunting for snow leopard is prohibited everywhere. In the USSR, illegal hunting or attempt to hunt was prosecuted according to the criminal or administrative law. The following additional measures are required to successfully protect the species: conducting awareness activity in local communities, continuous control, quick investigating of snow leopard extermination cases, and regular counts of snow leopard population.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Environment fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 664 Serial 379
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Author Heiz A.V.
Title Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and its protection Type Miscellaneous
Year 1983 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages 92-93
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; number; decline; mountain ungulates; livestock; hunting; propaganda; protection.; 6870; Russian
Abstract In the year 1970, the quantity of snow leopards in Kyrgyzstan was defined as 1,300 animals, while in the years to follow 1,600 animals were recorded. A snow leopard population has significantly decreased since recently because of intense extermination of snow leopard's prey ungulates, particularly ibex. In some areas of the Kyrgyz ridge livestock is growing in number thus affecting snow leopard population. It is extremely rare that snow leopard would attack livestock. Snow leopards can be caught under special license. Educational and awareness work among shepherds and hunters residing in the mountainous area of the country needs to be improved.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammal species of the USSR and their protection. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 665 Serial 380
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Author Hussain, I.
Title Conserving Biodiversity through Institutional Diversity: Concept Paper Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Iunc; status; distribution; Baltistan; Pakistan; herders; farmers; conservation; killing; poaching; conflict; livestock; predator; prey; retaliatory-killing; economy; corral; capture; trapping; Project-snow-leopard; ecotourism; tourism; compensation; markhor; trekking; browse; retaliatory; 3910
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 362 Serial 397
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Author Hussain, S.
Title The status of the snow leopard in Pakistan and its conflict with local farmers Type Miscellaneous
Year 2003 Publication Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume 37 Issue Pages 26-33
Keywords Central Karakorum,farmer-wildlife conflict; livestock predation,snow leopard,Uncia uncia,; Western Himalayas.
Abstract Between 1998 and 2001 I carried out surveys in four areas in the Baltistan district of the Northern Areas of Pakistan to estimate the population of the snow leopard and to examine the threats to its future conservation. I estimate that a total of 36-50 snow leopards are present in the areas surveyed. Based on the availability of suitable snow leopard habitat and of its prey species, I estimate that 90-120 snow leopards are potentially present in Baltistan and 300-420 throughout its range within Pakistan's borders. Although this estimate is higher than extrapolations based on earlier surveys, the long-term future of the snow leopard is under threat. This is mainly due to retaliatory killings by farmers, and poaching for pelts and other body parts. Species-focused conservation policies, particularly those targeting ungulates for the promotion of trophy hunting, may constitute an additional threat to snow leopard conservation in the region. However, all forms of threats to the snow leopard in Baltistan appear to emanate from the relatively poor economic conditions of the local people.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 898 Serial 401
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Author Ikeda, N.
Title Economic impacts of livestock depredation by snow leopard Uncia uncia in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal Himalaya Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication Environmental Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 31 Issue Pages 322-330
Keywords herder; Kanchenjunga Conservation Area; local resident; park people conflict; wildlife conservation; yak.; snow leopard
Abstract It is necessary to fully understand the economic conditions of local herders in order to find solutions to the conflicts between wildlife conservation and livestock rearing in remote areas of low-income countries. In the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA), Nepal, livestock depredation by snow leopards impacts on yak herders' livelihoods. Retaliatory killings of snow leopard by the herders have been reported and the concerned authorities recently initiated snow leopard conservation programmes. In 2001, interviews with the yak herders who used the pastures in the Ghunsa valley in the preceding year collected data on the incidence of livestock death caused by snow leopards. The annual net cash income of the yak herders was estimated by obtaining baseline values of sales and expenditure per livestock head through field measurement of dairy products and interviews with a sample of herders. As yet, the average annual damage does not appear to have adversely affected fundamental livelihoods in households with an average herd size (36.6 head). However, in the worst scenario of livestock depredation, households with medium or small-sized herds (<40 head) might risk their living conditions becoming unsustainable or having to withdraw from yak pastoralism. A supplementary interview showed that the majority of the herders, except those who took completely neutral attitudes towards the regional conservation and development programme, had negative views of the snow leopard conservation policy. For the snow leopard conservation programme in the KCA to be a success, there must be a system to compensate the herders' households for livestock damage.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 906 Serial 402
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title Irbis, or snow leopard Felis (Uncia) uncia S¤hr†b†a 1778 Type Miscellaneous
Year 1961 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 3. Issue Pages 127-131
Keywords Uzbekistan; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior; practical use.; 6880; Russian
Abstract It describes diagnostic signs and taxonomy of snow leopard as well as its distribution, behavioral patterns and use in Uzbekistan. This predator inhabits the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. It mainly preys on ibex, and marmots, vole-mouse, and snow-cocks. Sometimes it attacks domestic sheep. Snow leopard is of low commercial value. The cost of skin is 4 roubles 70 kopecks. Only a few skins are purchased.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Mammals (predators and ungulates). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 666 Serial 412
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title Game and rare animals of Uzbekistan and their protection Type Miscellaneous
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1 Issue Pages 243-244
Keywords Uzbekistan; game species; rare species; conservation; snow leopard.; 6890; Russian
Abstract Totally in Uzbekistan inhabited about 40 game species, but many of them became rare (Mellivora capensis indica, Lutra lutra seistanica, Hyaena hyaena, Felis pardus ciscaucasicus, Felis uncia, Felis ¤…a…c…l michaelis, F.manul ferrugineus, Cervus elaphus bactrianus, ¥…da… falconeri heptneri, Ovis orientalis bochariensis, I. about severtsovi, About ammon k…a†1ini), from fauna of region have disappeared Cuon alpinus hesperius, D…nthera tigris virgata, Acion¢o jubatus, Cervus elaphus sibiricus, Equus h†mionus, E. dazewalskii, Camelus bactrianus. For protection of valuable species of animals in Uzbekistan 6 nature reserves and 6 zakazniks were established.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of the First International congress on mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 667 Serial 413
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title Protected areas and waters of Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 49-63
Keywords Uzbekistan; protected areas; snow leopard; territorial protection.; 6900; Russian
Abstract In Uzbekistan, there is a network of protected areas of land and water, consisting of 11 nature reserves (163,780 ha) and nine sanctuaries (217,837 ha). Five or six new protected natural areas with a total area of 220,000 250,000 ha are recommended to be established. The further development of the network will help preserve typical natural complexes, having scientific, practical and cultural value. When selecting an area for protection it is needed to cover overall diversity of natural landscapes including relief, soils, waters, vegetation and animals. Snow leopard is protected in the Chatkal, Zaamin, Kizilsu, and Miraka nature reserves.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Hunter and Fisherman of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 668 Serial 414
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Author Ishunin G.I.
Title A problem of original fauna conservation in Uzbekistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 199-200
Keywords Uzbekistan; mammals; origin; game species; snow leopard.; 6910; Russian
Abstract Fauna of Uzbekistan is represented by species being common for south deserts (Indian honey badger, striped hyena, cheetah, caracal), tugai forest (riverine forest) (Bukhara deer, jackal, chaus, tiger), Palaearctic steppes (corsac, steppe polecat, marbled polecat, steppe cat, saiga), deserts of Africa and Middle East (sand cat, tridactylous African jerboa) and steppes of Central Asia (dhole, snow leopard, ibex). There are many foxes, large susliks, and muskrats there. Before hunting was prohibited a very few animals belonging to rare species such as bear, otter, leopard, snow leopard, lynx, roe deer, Bukhara deer, markhor, Asian moufflon, argali, Menzbier's marmot, and sometimes honey badger, caracal, manul, and cheetah, were shot.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of VII All-Union zoogeographical conference. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 669 Serial 415
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