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	Author	Braden, K.E.
	Title	Economic Development in Six Regions of Snow Leopard Habitat in the U.S.S.R			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	227-246
	Keywords	conservation; habitat; herders; livestock; sheep; goats; argali; herder; Russia; Soviet-Union; U.S.S.R.; Ussr; ungulates; ungulate; predator; prey; economics; economic; browse; soviet; union; 1800
	Abstract	The Disappearance of traditional ungulate prey of the snow leopard may be contributing to its endangered status in the wild. Soviet biologists have noted that wild sheep are a primary prey of the snow leopard in the southern Russian union republic and the Central Asian union republic of the U.S.S.R. While poaching appears to have had some impact on the status of these sheep, econmic pressures may be contributing to their decrease. Evidence presented for KAzakhstan and three regions of the Russian republic demonstrates that commercial sheep and goat production appears to be growing at a very high pace in these areas, thus consumming habitat otherwise available for wild herds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 107			Serial	194
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Braden, K.
	Title	Snow leopard conservation in the USSR			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Snow Line	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Fall	Issue		Pages	2-2
	Keywords	conservation; snow leopard; Ussr
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leopard Trust	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 962			Serial	191
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat R.S.; Das, P.K.
	Title	A Field Survey of Snow Leopard Presence and Habitat use in Northwestern India			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	99-111
	Keywords	India; habitat; status; distribution; Ladakh; himalayans; field study; tracking; tracks; scraping; spraying; marking; predator; prey; livestock; herder; herders; browse; 1690
	Abstract	During November 1985 through July1996, a survey of snow leopard presence and ecology was conducted in selected areas of the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh in north-western India. The study was carried out under the auspices of the Wildlife Institute of India in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the International Snow Leopard Trust. The objectives of the survey were essentially determine the relative presence of the snow leopard and its associated prey species,investigate human interaction with the snow leopard and select an appropriate site for more intensive studies of the snow leopard and its ecosystem.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leoaprd Trust and Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 119			Serial	293
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	Author	Wharton, D.; Freeman, H.
	Title	The Snow Leopard in North America: Captive Breeding Under the Species Survival PLan			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	131-136
	Keywords	Species-Survival-Plan; captivity; breeding; genetics; zoos; studs; captive; browse; species; survival; plan; 1720
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leoaprd Trust and WIldlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 134			Serial	1016
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	Author	Gripenberg, U.; Blomqvist, L.; Pamilo, P.; Soderlnd, V.; Tarkkanene, A.; Whalberg, C.; Varvio-Aho, S.L.; Virtaranta-Knowles, K.
	Title	Multiple Ocular Colomboma (MOC) in Snow Leopards			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Hereditas	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	103	Issue		Pages	221-229
	Keywords	medical; veterinary; medicine; colombomas; browse; 4120
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Internation Snow Leopard Trust and The Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication		Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinigar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 414			Serial	355
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	Author	Yanfa, L.; Bangjie, T.
	Title	A Preliminary Study on the Geographical Distribution of Snow Leopards in China			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	51-63
	Keywords	China; conservation; range; distribution; surveys; survey; collecting; capturing; Qinghai; gansu; Sichuan; Xinjiang; poaching; hunting; pelts; furs; browse; 4260
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Interanational Snow Leopard Trust and The Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication		Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text Available at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinigar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 415			Serial	1046
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	Author	Schaller, G.
	Title	Survey of Mountain Wildlife in Xinjiang, Report # 7			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Xinjiang; Arjin; shan; Kunlun; Taxkorgan; reserve; park; protected-area; China; antelope; wild-ass; argali; blue-sheep; gazzele; wolf; browse; 4290
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URL			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 392			Serial	855
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	Author	Schaller, G.
	Title	Wildlife Survey in Tibet, Report #8			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Tibet; survey; Kashi; Xinjiang; antelope; wild-ass; gazzele; argali; blue-sheep; yak; wolf; brown-bear; livestock; hunting; trapping; poaching; browse; 4300
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URL			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 418			Serial	856
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	Author	Sitnikov, P.
	Title	The Death of a Snow Leopard			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	7-8
	Keywords	siberia; Ussr; Irkutsk; behavior; interaction; human-interaction; 4150
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Helsinki, Finland	Editor	L.Blomqvist
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: International Pedigree Book of Snow LeopardsDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 401			Serial	895
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	Author	Sobanskiy G.G.
	Title	The cat family. Snow leopard, or irbis			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	89-92
	Keywords	Russia; Altai; Cats; snow leopard; distribution; number; preys.; 8200; Russian
	Abstract	In the Altai, there are three cat family species: snow leopard, lynx, and manul. Several tens of snow leopards inhabiting the area along river Argut and its tributaries remained in Altai. They are rarer met in south Altai along the Chikhachev, Shapshal, and Sailyughem ridges. They prey on ibex, wild sheep, roe deer, and moral. They can also attack livestock but would never kill more than one animal.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Game species of the mountainous Altai.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 798			Serial	904
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	Author	Krasilnikov N.
	Title	Nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	174-176
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; Chatkal nature reserve; ibex; snow leopard.; 7450; Russian
	Abstract	It describes a story of a visit to the Chatkal nature reserve, of encounters with fox, chukars, ibex, eagles, and snow leopard.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The motley days.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 723			Serial	590
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	Author	Afanasiev Y.G.
	Title	The Karatau nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	20-33
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Karatau nature reserve; plants; Animals; snow leopard.; 5880; Russian
	Abstract	The Karatau ridge is an extreme north-west spur of the Tien Shan mountain system. Flora of Karatau is represented by no less than 1,500 higher vessel plant species. Karatau and the adjacent areas host 16 reptile species, 114 bird and 42 mammal species. Snow leopard disappeared from fauna of Karatau in 20th century. In 1940-s, the animal species was met at the highest point of the ridge in the Manjilki area, particularly in tract Kor-Djailau. Now there are no snow leopards in the area under study a fact evidenced by local hunters and shepherds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: New nature reserves of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 567			Serial	35
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	Author	Moiseev V.A.
	Title	Mountain nature			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	86
	Keywords	Uzbekistan; distribution; habitats; preys; Red Data book; snow leopard.; 7680; Russian
	Abstract	The snow leopard inhabits the upper belt of the Tien Shan, Hissar Alai and Pamir mountains. More often it hunts for wild ibexes. Irbis avoids meeting … man, and even wounded it rarely attacks him. At the beginning of spring … snow leopard gives birth to two-five cubs. It lives up to 21 years. The snow leopard is registered in the Red Data Book of USSR and IUCN Red List.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature of Middle Asia in objective.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 746			Serial	701
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	Author	Akimushkin I.
	Title	Snow leopard or irbis			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	139-140
	Keywords	Ussr; snow leopard; number; food; behavior; reproduction; threats.; 6000; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard behavioral patterns, food preferences, and reproduction are described in a popular way. The population of snow leopard is defined to be 1,000 animals. A reason for the population decline is hunting for the sake of beautiful fur.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. Mammals or animals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 579			Serial	49
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	Author
	Title	Plan to conserve snow leopard			Type	Newspaper Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Herald News Service	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	conservation plan; Himalaya; India; snow leopard
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	New Dehli			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 944			Serial	15
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	Author	Koshkarev, E.P.
	Title	An Unusual Hunt			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	9-12
	Keywords	Tien-Shan; tracking; feces; ibex; hunting; predator; prey; browse; behavior; 940
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available at URLTien Shan High Mountain Physical Geography Staion, Kirghizian Academy of Sciences (Pokrovka) USSRDocument Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 402			Serial	571
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S.
	Title	Observations of snow leopard stalking, killing and feeding behavior			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Mammalia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	52	Issue	1	Pages	137-140
	Keywords	India; stalking; killing; feeding; behavior; observations; browse; 850
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLDocument Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 99			Serial	292
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	Author	Freeman, H.
	Title	Resolutions Conservation of Snow Leopard, Fifth International Snow Leopard Symposium			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	267-269
	Keywords	conservation; preserves; parks; protected-areas; habitat; reserves; corridors; prey; threats; hunting; poaching; fragmentation; degradation; tourism; reserach; training; breeding; browse; 4230
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Usa	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 411			Serial	320
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	Author	Oruntaeva K.B.
	Title	The Zailiyskiy natural national park			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	71-86
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Zaaliyskiy national park; establishment; fauna; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7810; Russian
	Abstract	The Zailiyskiy state natural national park is suggested to establish in the center of northern micro slope of Zailiyskiy Alatau. There are 42 mammal, 138 bird, tow amphibian, and eight reptile and fish species, and 145 daylight butterfly species in the Zailiyskiy Alatay. Of them, seven mammal species such as argali, Tien Shan bear, snow leopard, Turkistan lynx, stone marten, Central Asian otter, and Indian porcupine are included in the Red Data Books of Kazakhstan and USSR.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: New nature reserves of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 759			Serial	755
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	Author	Karesh, W.B.; Asterino, R.
	Title	Mandibular osteomyelitis in a snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) with a review of osteomyelitis in other species and man			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Journal Of Zoo Animal Medicine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	3	Pages	137-142
	Keywords	osteomyelitis; veterinary; medical; medicine; zoo; zoos; browse; 1540
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Addresses:KARESH WB, WOODLAND PK ZOOL GARDENS,5500 PHINNEY AVE N,SEATTLE,WA 98103AVIAN & EXOT ANIM HOSP,HAWTHORNE,CA Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 132			Serial	516
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	Author	Gosselin, S.J.; Loudy, D.L.; Tarr, M.J.; Balistreri, W.F.; Setchell, K.D.; Johnston, J.O.; Kramer, L.W.; Dresser, B.L.
	Title	Veno-occlusive disease of the liver in captive cheetah			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Vet Pathol	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	1	Pages	48-57
	Keywords	Animal; Feed; analysis; Carnivora; Cheetahs; Female; Hepatic; Veno; Occlusive; Disease; pathology; veterinary; Histocytochemistry; Liver; ultrastructure; Male; Microscopy; Electron; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; Vitamin A; browse; non; us; gov't; government; 280
	Abstract	Liver tissues from 126 captive cheetah were evaluated by light microscopy and histochemistry; eight animals were evaluated by electron microscopy. The main hepatic lesion, a vascular lesion resembling veno- occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver and characterized by subendothelial fibrosis and proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells in the central veins, was seen in 60% of the sexually mature cheetah. Although this hepatic vascular lesion was seen in cheetah as young as 1 year of age, the most severe lesions, usually associated with liver failure, were found in cheetah between the ages of 6 and 11. There was no sex predisposition, and in approximately 40% of the VOD cases, liver disease was not suspected clinically or at necropsy. VOD was found in other felidae, especially in the snow leopard. High levels of vitamin A in livers, as well as in diets of the cheetah, could be a contributing factor in the development of VOD in some groups of cheetah.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0300-9858	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: Eng			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 127			Serial	339
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	Author	Stevens, A.
	Title	Rare snow leopard dies after flea bites			Type	Newspaper Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Los Angeles Times	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	part 2, page 3			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1094			Serial	936
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	Author	Government of India
	Title	The snow leopard conservation scheme			Type	Report
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-29
	Keywords	conservation; environment; government; India; snow leopard
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 945			Serial	340
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	Author	Karesh, W.B.; Russell, R.
	Title	Ovarian dysgerminoma in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Journal Of Zoo Animal Medicine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	4	Pages	223-225
	Keywords	medicine; ovarian; Dysgerminoma; veterinary; medical; zoos; zoo; browse; 1520
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Addresses:KARESH WB, WOODLAND PK ZOOLOG GARDENS,5500 PHINNEY AVE N,SEATTLE,WA 98103UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV ANIM MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195 Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 115			Serial	515
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	Author	Schmidt, A.M.; Hess, D.L.; Schmidt, M.J.; Smith, R.C.; Lewis, C.R.
	Title	Serum concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone, and sexual behaviour during the normal oestrous cycle in the leopard (Panthera pardus)			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1988	Publication	Journal of Reproductive Fertility	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	82	Issue		Pages	43-49
	Keywords	captive; Ovulation; Panthera pardus; Progesterone; Serum; sexual behaviour
	Abstract	Three mature nulliparous female leopards were studied for 5 years. During three separate 6-month periods serum oestradiol and progesterone concentrations were measured at weekly intervals. Oestradiol was elevated over 21 pg/ml for 54 weeks during these 3 periods, and 36 oestradiol peaks (65\m=.\8\m=+-\6\m=.\3pg/ml (mean \m=+-\s.e.m.), range 21\p=n-\172pg/ml) were identified. Daily frequency of feline reproductive behaviours averaged over each week increased from 1\m=.\9\m=+-\0\m=.\2(n = 93) during weeks with low serum oestradiol concentrations (<21 pg/ml) to 5\m=.\3\m=+-\0\m=.\6(n = 54) during weeks when serum oestradiol concentrations (>21 pg/ml) were high. Increased serum progesterone concentrations (13\p=n-\98n/gml) were observed on 5 occasions in 2 leopards housed together. These presumptive luteal phases lasted from 1 to 5 weeks. Baseline progesterone values were 1\m=.\6\m=+-\0\m=.\4 ng/m(nl= 131). No progesterone increments were observed in isolated animals, and serum concentrations remained at baseline levels. These limited observations suggest that female leopards do not require intromission to induce ovulation and luteal function. The average interval between oestradiol peaks for cycles with no progesterone increment was 3\m=.\4weeks (range 1\p=n-\6weeks). The interval for the 3 complete cycles associated with elevated progesterone concentrations was 7\m=.\3weeks. Analysis of sexual behaviours over the 5-year study period revealed no evidence of seasonality in these captive leopards.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 923			Serial	873
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