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Author | Khanyari, M., Robinson, S., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Morgan, E. R., Rana, R. S., Suryawanshi, K. R. | ||||
Title | Pastoralism in the high Himalayas: Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice Open Access Understanding changing practices and their implications for parasite transmission between livestock and wildlife | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Springer Open | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 44 | Pages | 1-16 |
Keywords | Migratory, Transhumance, Livestock, Asiatic ibex, Capra sibirica, Pasture, Rangelands, Gastro-intestinal nematodes | ||||
Abstract | Rangelands are increasingly being affected by climatic variations, fragmentation and changes in livestock management practices. Along with resource competition between livestock and wildlife, disease transmission has implications for people and wildlife in these shared landscapes. We worked with two pastoral communities in the Western Indian Himalayas: the migratory Kinnauras that travel to the Trans‐Himalayan Pin valley in summer and the resident herders of Pin Valley. Asiatic ibex (Capra sibirica) is the predominant wild herbivore in Pin. The pastures in Pin are grazed by both livestock (migratory and resident) and ibex, with the potential for disease transmission. We investigate the effects of herding practices on livestock health and disease transmission, while focusing on gastro‐intestinal nematodes (GINs) as they can spread by sharing pasture between wild and domestic ungulates. Surveys were carried out between June and August 2019, the period when migratory Kinnauras, local herders and Asiatic Ibex are found in Pin Valley. We found that the Kinnaura flocks share pasture with ibex during their time in Pin, exhibiting significantly higher endo‐parasite burdens than sedentary livestock, and the Kinnaura flocks are increasing in number. This suggests GIN cross‐transmission is possible, as GINs have low host specificity and a free‐living, environmental stage that is trophically acquired. As local (sedentary) sheep and goats rarely share pasture with ibex, have low endo‐parasite burdens and are few in number, they are unlikely to transmit parasites to ibex. However, increasingly large local stock numbers may be contributing to pasture degradation which could cause nutritional stress and resource competition, exacerbating GIN impacts. We also find evidence for transhumance persisting, in spite of signs of pasture degradation that are seemingly affecting livestock productivity and potentially disease transmission. It is critical that proactive measures are taken, like participatory disease management with the Kinnauras, to align livelihoods with wildlife and rangeland conservation. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1703 | ||
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Author | Nowell, K.; Preisser, T. | ||||
Title | Saving Their Skins; Pay herders not to hunt snow leopards? Villagers laughed at first | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | Herder-incentive-program; poaching; hunting; skins; pelts; furs; coats; bones; medicine; Mongolia; herders; livestock; gobi; conservation; ibex; browse; herder; incentive; program; 3880 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL: Recieved as email from Gobi . Kristin Nowell, and Thomas Preisser, are co-founders of the Los Gatos, Calif.-based Cat Action Treasury, a nonprofit fund for endangered wild cats. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 324 | Serial | 731 | ||
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Author | Saparbayev; S.K.; Woodward, D.B. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) as an Indicator Species and Increasing Recreation Loads in the Almaty Nature Reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | Proceedings from the Fourth International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitor Flows i | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 511-515 | ||
Keywords | snow leopard (Uncia uncia),Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica),Almaty Nature Reserve,Kazakhstan,ecotrail; 200 | ||||
Abstract | The purpose of this research is to analyze the data on ecology, biology and dynamics of snow leopard population in the Almaty Nature Reserve and to identify if the increasing numbers of ecotourists could contribute to the decrease of Uncia uncia population. The results of the study show that increasing recreation loads in the Reserve and adjacent territories elevate the disturbance level to the snow leopard's main prey Siberian Ibex and to the predator itself that could result in a decrease of population of this endangered species or its total extinction. | ||||
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Notes | Conference in Montecatini Terme, Italy. 14-19 October 2008. Proceedings edited by Antonio Raschi and Sonia Trampetti. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 882 | Serial | 843 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B. | ||||
Title | Status of large mammals in the Taxkorgan Reserve, Xinjiang, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1987 | Publication | Biological-Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 42 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 53-71 |
Keywords | Marco-Polo; sheep; Ovis-ammon-poli; Asiatic; ibex; Capra-ibex; blue-sheep; Pseudois-nayaur; snow; leopard; Panthera-uncia; wolf; Canis-lupus; brown; bear; Ursus-arctos; marmot; survey; status; China; Taxkorgan; reserve; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; browse; marco polo; ovis; ammon; poli; capra; pseudois nayaur; panthera; uncia; canis; lupus; ursus arctos; 880 | ||||
Abstract | A status survey of large mammals was conducted in the W half of 14 000 km“SUP 2” Taxkorgan Reserve. Only one viable population of fewer than 150 Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon poli survives; it appears to be augmented by adult males from Russia and Afghanistan during the winter rut. Asiatic ibex Capra ibex occur primarily in the western part of the reserve and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur – the most abundant wild ungulate – in the E and SE parts. The 2 species overlap in the area of contact. Counts revealed an average wild ungulate density of 0.34 animals km“SUP -2”. Snow leopard Panthera uncia were rare, with possibly 50-75 in the reserve, as were wolves Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos. The principal spring food of snow leopard was blue sheep (60%) and marmot (29%). Local people have greatly decimated wildlife. Overgrazing by livestock and overuse of shrubs for fuelwood is turning this arid steppe habitat into desert. -from Authors | ||||
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Notes | Full Text Available at URLDocument Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 100 | Serial | 866 | ||
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Author | Xu, F.; Ma, M.; Wu, Y.-Q. | ||||
Title | Winter Daily Activity Rhythm and Time Budget of Ibex(Capra ibex) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | activities; activity; capra ibex; Daily activity rhythms; ibex; Time budget; Tomor Protected Area; winter; Xinjiang | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 868 | Serial | 1035 | ||
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Author | Xu, F.; Ma, M.; Wu, Y.-Q. | ||||
Title | Population density and habitat utilization of ibex in Tomur National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | densities; density; habitat; habitat utilization; ibex; national; nature; population; Population-Density; Tomur | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 867 | Serial | 1037 | ||
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Author | Yanushevich A.I., C.Y.N. | ||||
Title | Sary Chelek nature reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1969 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 481-485 | ||
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; Sary Chelek nature reserve; mammals; birds; reptiles; amphibians; fishes; snow leopard; wild ibex.; 8630; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It provides data concerning location, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna of the Sary Chelek nature reserve. Currently in nature reserve recorded 41 mammals, 157 birds, 5 reptiles, 2 amphibians and 5 fishes. Snow leopard, wild ibex, argali and dhole inhabited in alpine zone. Number of ibex is 400 individuals. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protected areas of Soviet Union. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 840 | Serial | 1056 | ||
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Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
Title | Ibex. Rare ungulate species of the Almaty nature reserve and their protection | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 141-154 | ||
Keywords | Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; aerial census; goitered gazelle; argali; ibex; predators; wolf; snow leopard; poaching; disturbance.; 8750; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Collected are data on rare ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve in 1968-1973. Since recently the population of goitered gazelle has dropped sharply and is now 20-30 animals per seven ha. The nature reserve shall be expanded in order to protect the animals. Argali inhabits a desert area in the mountains of Greater and Lesser Kalkana. Argali sometimes migrates outside the nature reserve. Ibex inhabits a mountainous part of the nature reserve, its population being 10-13 animals per 1,000 ha. Predators have negligible impact on the ibex population (12.5 percent of deaths), which is preyed on solely by snow leopard and wolf. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammals of the USSR fauna. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 852 | Serial | 1082 | ||
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Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
Title | Wolves' role in biocenosis of the Almaty nature reserve (North Tien Shan) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Vol. II. | Issue | Pages | 278-279 | |
Keywords | Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; ungulates; number; livestock; red deer; roe deer; ibex; wild boar; predators; brown bear; wolf; snow leopard.; 8780; Russian | ||||
Abstract | The quantity of ungulates is high in the nature reserve: moral (100-120), roe deer (500-650), Siberian ibex (660-700), and wild boar (50-80). Moreover some 5,000 heads of livestock (mostly sheep) are grazed in a buffer zone in summer. Among big predators (snow leopard, bear, lynx) wolf kills about 40 percent of ungulates. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V all-Union congress of mammalogy society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 855 | Serial | 1085 | ||
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Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
Title | Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 51-54 | ||
Keywords | Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 856 | Serial | 1088 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L., Sinha, S.P., Chundawat, R.S. | ||||
Title | Activity patterns and habitat use of ibex in the Himalaya mountains of India | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Journal of Mammology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 527-534 |
Keywords | Capra ibex, activity patterns, habitat use, Himalaya mountains, India | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1168 | ||
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Author | Bagchi, S., Mishra, C., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T. | ||||
Title | Out of Steppe? Pastoralism and ibex conservation in Spiti. | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | CERC Technical Report No. 7 | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | steppe, snow leopard, pastoral, conservation, ibex, Spiti, India | ||||
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Corporate Author | Nature Conservation Foundation, India; Wildlife Institute of India, International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle | Thesis | |||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1274 | ||
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Author | Suryawanshi, K.R., Bhatnagar, Y. V. B., Redpath, S., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | People, predators and perceptions: patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and wolves | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Applied Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 50 | Issue | Pages | 550-560 | |
Keywords | Canis lupus, Capra ibex, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivores, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya | ||||
Abstract | 1. Livestock depredation by large carnivores is an important conservation and economic concern and conservation management would benefit from a better understanding of spatial variation and underlying causes of depredation events. Focusing on the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and the wolf Canis lupus, we identify the ecological factors that predispose areas within a landscape to livestock depredation. We also examine the potential mismatch between reality and human perceptions of livestock depredation by these carnivores whose survival is threatened due to persecution by pastoralists. 2. We assessed the distribution of the snow leopard, wolf and wild ungulate prey through field surveys in the 4000 km2 Upper Spiti Landscape of trans-Himalayan India. We interviewed local people in all 25 villages to assess the distribution of livestock and peoples’ perceptions of the risk to livestock from these carnivores. We monitored village-level livestock mortality over a 2-year period to assess the actual level of livestock depredation. We quantified several possibly influential independent variables that together captured variation in topography, carnivore abundance and abundance and other attributes of livestock. We identified the key variables influencing livestock depredation using multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical partitioning. 3. Our results revealed notable differences in livestock selectivity and ecological correlates of livestock depredation – both perceived and actual – by snow leopards and wolves. Stocking density of large-bodied free-ranging livestock (yaks and horses) best explained people’s threat perception of livestock depredation by snow leopards, while actual livestock depredation was explained by the relative abundance of snow leopards and wild prey. In the case of wolves, peoples’ perception was best explained by abundance of wolves, while actual depredation by wolves was explained by habitat structure. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that (i) human perceptions can be at odds with actual patterns of livestock depredation, (ii) increases in wild prey populations will intensify livestock depredation by snow leopards, and prey recovery programmes must be accompanied by measures to protect livestock, (iii) compensation or insurance programmes should target large-bodied livestock in snow leopard habitats and (iv) sustained awareness programmes are much needed, especially for the wolf. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1396 | ||
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Author | Tumursukh, L., Suryawanshi, K. R., Mishra, C., McCarthy, T. M., Boldgiv, B. | ||||
Title | Status of the mountain ungulate prey of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Tost Local Protected Area, South Gobi, Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-6 | ||
Keywords | Argali, Central Asia, double-observer survey, ibex, Panthera uncia, snow leopard, ungulate prey | ||||
Abstract | The availability of wild prey is a critical predictor of carnivore density. However, few conservation pro- grammes have focused on the estimation and monitoring of wild ungulate populations and their trends, especially in the remote mountains of Central Asia. We conducted double-observer surveys to estimate the populations of ibex Capra sibirica and argali Ovis ammon in the mountain- ous regions of Tost Local Protected Area, South Gobi prov- ince, Mongolia, which is being considered for designation as a Nature Reserve. We also conducted demographic surveys of the more abundant ibex to examine their sex-ratio and the survival of young during –. The estimated ibex population remained stable in  and  and the es- timated argali population increased from  in  to  in . The biomass of wild ungulates was c. % that of live- stock. Mortality in young ibex appeared to increase after weaning, at the age of  months. We estimated the popula- tion of wild ungulates was sufficient to support – adult snow leopards Panthera uncia. The adult snow leopard population in our study area during –, estimated independently using camera-trap-based mark–recapture methods, was –. Based on our results we identify the Tost Local Protected Area as an important habitat for the conservation of these ungulates and their predator, the Endangered snow leopard, and recommend elevation of its status to a Nature Reserve. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1425 | ||
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Author | Wu, D., Maming, R., Xu, G., Zhu X., Buzzard, P. | ||||
Title | Relationship between ibex and snow leopard about food chain and population density in Tian Shan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Selevinia | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 186-190 | ||
Keywords | diet, ibex, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | Many studies have demonstrated that ibex (Capra sibirica) are the most frequently eaten prey of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Xinjiang, the west of China. Thus, an understanding of interactions between these species may have significant management and conservation of implications for both. In this study, we provide information on ibex grouping and density over a 24 month period in the Tian Shan of Xinjiang, China. We then use ibex density to estimate the density of snow leopards. We observed ibex primarily in ewe-lamb groups (N=880), but ibex sexual segregation and grouping changed seasonally with more mixed-sex groups during the winter rut. We observed the most ibex in April 2014 and 2015 with an average of (2422 ± 119 ibex). Over the 1643 km2 study area we then estimated an ibex density of 154 ± 23 ibex /100 km2 from which we estimated a density of 1.31~2.58 snow leopards/100 km2. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1439 | ||
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Author | Kashkarov, E. | ||||
Title | THE SNOW LEOPARD OF KIRGIZIA: NATIONAL SHAME OR NATIONAL PRIDE | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 239-253 | ||
Keywords | snow leopard, irbis, ibex, mountain sheep, conservation, range, reserve, monitoring, cameratrap, Sarychat, Kirgizia, Central Asia. | ||||
Abstract | Article examines the problems existing in conservation of the snow leopard in Kirgizia after break-up of the USSR. Unfortunate situation is common to most of the 14 countries in the snow leopard range, but seems especially sharp to Kirgizia. Yet half of the century ago Kirgizia has had about 1.5 thousand of the snow leopards, and today there remains no more than 1/10. In Soviet time Kirgizia was a global supplier of the snow leopards for the zoo-export � to create a reserve number of endangered cats in captivity. Today, at least half of the snow leopards in the Zoos of the world are individuals, caught in Kirgizia or their descendants. Since independence, Kirgizia has set new records. In Sarychat-Irtash reserve � the best for the snow leopard in Central Asia, and probably in the whole range � this species was completely destroyed after 3 years of reserve opening... and 17 years later � revived... Situation comes presently back to the worst-case scenario, and not only for the snow leopard. Author shows how work in this direction social and economic levers, and what kind future he would like to see in Kirgizia, where he lived for 12 years and was at the forefront of pioneering research of the snow leopard and its conservation. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1454 | ||
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Author | Ghoshal, A., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Pandav, B., Sharma, K., Mshra, C. | ||||
Title | Assessing changes in distribution of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and its wild prey over 2 decades in the Indian Himalaya through interviewbased occupancy surveys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-13 | ||
Keywords | Asiatic ibex, blue sheep, carnivore, occupancy, snow leopard, survey, threat, ungulate | ||||
Abstract | Understanding species distributions, patterns of change and threats can form the basis for assessing the conservation status of elusive species that are difficult to survey. The snow leopard Panthera uncia is the top predator of the Central and South Asian mountains. Knowledge of the distribution and status of this elusive felid and its wild prey is limited. Using recall-based key-informant interviews we estimated site use by snow leopards and their primary wild prey, blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra sibirica, across two time periods (past: �; recent: �) in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. We also conducted a threat assessment for the recent period. Probability of site use was similar across the two time periods for snow leopards, blue sheep and ibex, whereas for wild prey (blue sheep and ibex combined) overall there was an % contraction. Although our surveys were conducted in areas within the presumed distribution range of the snow leopard, we found snow leopards were using only % of the area (, km). Blue sheep and ibex had distinct distribution ranges. Snow leopards and their wild prey were not restricted to protected areas, which encompassed only % of their distribution within the study area. Migratory livestock grazing was pervasive across ibex distribution range and was the most widespread and serious conservation threat. Depredation by free-ranging dogs, and illegal hunting and wildlife trade were the other severe threats. Our results underscore the importance of community-based, landscape- scale conservation approaches and caution against reliance on geophysical and opinion-based distribution maps that have been used to estimate national and global snow leopard ranges. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1463 | ||
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Author | Bocci, A., Lovari, S., Khan, M. Z., Mori, E. | ||||
Title | Sympatric snow leopards and Tibetan wolves: coexistence of large carnivores with human-driven potential competition | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | European Journal of Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | ||
Keywords | Panthera uncia . Canis lupus filchneri . Competition . Large-carnivore coexistence . Siberian ibex | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard Panthera uncia coexists with the wolf Canis lupus throughout most of its distribution range. We analysed the food habits of snow leopards and wolves in their sympatric range in the Karakoram mountains of Pakistan. A total of 131 genotyped scats (N = 74, snow leopard; N = 57, Tibetan wolf) were collected during the cold periods (i.e. winter and spring) of 2011 and 2012 in the Hushey valley. Large mammals, i.e. livestock and ibex, accounted for 84.8 and 83.1% of the diet (relative frequency) of the snow leopard and the wolf, respectively. Domestic prey was the staple of the diet of both snow leopards (66.6%) and wolves (75.1%). Ibex Capra ibex, the only wild ungulate in our study area, contributed 18.2 and 16.9%of relative frequencies in the diets of the snow leopard and the wolf, respectively. In winter, the snowleopard heavily relied on domestic sheep (43.3%) for food, whereas the wolf preyed mainly on domestic goats (43.4%). Differently from other study areas, both snow leopards and wolves showed no apparent prey preference (Jacobs index: snow leopard min. − 0.098, max. 0.102; Tibetan wolf min. − 0.120, max. 0.03). In human depauperate areas, with livestock and only a few wild prey, should competitive interactions arise, two main scenarios could be expected, with either predator as a winner. In both cases, the best solution could primarily impinge on habitat restoration, so that a balance could be found between these predators, who have already coexisted for thousands of years. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1464 | ||
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Author | Rovero, F., Augugliaro, C., Havmoller, R. W., Groff, C., Zimmerman, F., Oberosler, V., Tenan, S. | ||||
Title | Co-occurrence of snow leopard Panthera uncia, Siberian ibex Capra sibirica and livestock: potential relationships and effects | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-7 | ||
Keywords | Altai mountains, camera trapping, human� wildlife conflict, Mongolia, occupancy, occurrence interactions, Siberian ibex, snow leopard | ||||
Abstract | Understanding the impact of livestock on native wildlife is of increasing conservation relevance. For the Vulnerable snow leopard Panthera uncia, wild prey reduction, intensifying human�wildlife conflicts and retaliatory killings are severe threats potentially exacerbated by the presence of livestock. Elucidating patterns of co-occurrence of snow leopards, wild ungulate prey, and livestock, can be used to assess the compatibility of pastoralism with conservation. We used camera trapping to study the interactions of livestock, Siberian ibex Capra sibirica and snow leopards in a national park in the Altai mountains, Mongolia. We obtained  detections of wild mammals and  of domestic ungulates, dogs and humans. Snow leopards and Siberian ibex were recorded  and  times, respectively. Co-occurrence modelling showed that livestock had a higher estimated occupancy (.) than ibex, whose occupancy was lower in the presence of livestock (.) than in its absence (.�. depending on scenarios modelled). Snow leopard occupancy did not appear to be affected by the presence of livestock or ibex but the robustness of such inference was limited by uncertainty around the estimates. Although our sampling at presumed snow leopard passing sites may have led to fewer ibex detections, results indicate that livestock may displace wild ungulates, but may not directly affect the occurrence of snow leopards. Snow leopards could still be threatened by livestock, as overstocking can trigger human�carnivore conflicts and hamper the conservation of large carnivores. Further research is needed to assess the generality and strength of our results. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1465 | ||
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Author | Ahmad, S., Ali, H., Asif, M., Khan, T, Din, N., Rehman, E. U., Hameed, S., Din, J. U., Nawaz, M. A. | ||||
Title | Spatial density pattern of Himalayan Ibex (Capra sibirica) in Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Global Ecology & Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 39 | Issue | e02288 | Pages | 1-12 |
Keywords | Himalayan ibex, Population, Hindu Kush, Himalaya, Karakoram, Pakistan | ||||
Abstract | Mountain ungulates perform a key role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems as they are the primary consumers of vegetation and prey for large predators. The mountain ranges of northern Pakistan are home to six species of mountain ungulates, and the Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica), hereafter ibex, is the most abundant among them. This study was conducted in three administrative regions of northern Pakistan, viz. Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), to generate a range-wide density pattern map of ibex. A double-observer survey was conducted in 25 study sites during 2018–2021 across the ibex distribution range, covering an area of about 35,307 km2, by walking transects totaling 1647 km. Within the ibex range where the survey was not conducted due to financial and logistical constraints, we obtained species population information from local wildlife departments’ most recent annual survey data. The aim was to generate a density map for the entire ibex range. Using the BBRe-capture package in program R, we estimated an ibex population of 7639 (95 % CI) with a mean density of 0.21/km2 in the surveyed area. Combining with the secondary data from un-surveyed areas, the total population estimate for the country came to 10,242 ibex. The largest population densities were observed in four valleys (Shimshal, Gulkin-Hussaini, Khyber, and Khunjerab) of the Karakoram-Pamir range, followed by the Hindu Kush range (Chitral Wildlife Division [WD]). The central and eastern parts of the Karakoram range had moderate to low densities, while the Himalayan range (e.g., Astore Valley) supported a small population. The mean herd size was 15 individuals (range: 5–41), and the average detection probability of observers A and B was 0.69 and 0.48, respectively. The average male and young ratios per 100 females were estimated to be 75 and 81, respectively. The range-wide density map developed during the study provided an evidence for the impact of trophy hunting programs and an objective tool for range-wide conservation planning of the species. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1699 | ||
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Author | Bobrinskiy N.A. | ||||
Title | Preditors (Carnivora). The mountains of Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1938 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 233-234 | ||
Keywords | Central Asia; mountain system; fauna; snow leopard; wild ibex.; 6340; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes fauna of the Tien Shan, Pamir and Hissar mountains of Central Asia. The mountains of Central Asia. Ibex (Capra sibirica) and snow leopard (Uncia uncia) are listed among other inhabitants of highlands in Tien Shan and Pamir Hissar. | ||||
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Place of Publication | 1938 | Editor | ||
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Notes | Full text available in Russian Journal Title: A course of zoology. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 612 | Serial | 181 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K. | ||||
Title | Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Northwest India | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 55 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 283-298 |
Keywords | ibex; leopard; snow-leopard; blue-sheep; Asiatic-ibex; asia; Himalayas; India; Himalaya; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; panthera; uncia; Pseudois; nayaur; Capra-ibex; parks; reserves; conservation; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; pseudois nayaur; capra; Asiatic; 790 | ||||
Abstract | Evidence of snow leopard presence was most abundant in C Ladakh, decreased southward toward the crest of the Himalaya, and was least on the S side of the main Himalaya. Prey populations, primarily blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra ibex, were also more plentiful in the areas surveyed to the N of the main Himalaya. Perhaps 400 snow leopard occur throughout NW India. The stronghold of this species in India is apparently the trans- Himalayan ranges in Ladakh where new parks and reserves are being established, some in association with a snow leopard recovery programme of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and a 'Project Snow Leopard' of the central Indian government. Because of the generally low density of snow leopard, conservation measures must also be considered within the large areas of its range lying outside parks and reserves. -from Authors | ||||
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Notes | Full text at URLDocument Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 174 | Serial | 297 | ||
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Author | Flerov K.K. | ||||
Title | Capra sibirica, Uncia uncia uncia Erxleben | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1935 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 115-120 | ||
Keywords | Tajikistan; wild ibex; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior.; 6690; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes identification signs of ibex and snow leopard; provides data concerning taxonomy, distribution and behavioral patterns of the both species. Snow leopard inhibits the mountains of Central Asia, Tarbagatai, Altai, Sayans and southward to the Humalayas. In Tajikistan snow leopard is distributed in Pamir, and probably, along alpine strip of the ridges in northern Tajikistan. The sub-species status is not defined. It is known that the same type inhabits the area from the Sayans to Himalayas. Only in Tibet and highlands of Sychuan and Gansu lives a well-marked sub-species Uncia uncia uncioides Hodgson. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Tajikistan, their life and importance for man. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 647 | Serial | 278 | ||
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Author | Esipov A.V. | ||||
Title | Ugam Chatkal State Nature Park | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | N1 | Issue | Pages | 46-47 | |
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Ugam Chatkal Nature Park; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard; numerous species; ibex.; 6660; Russian | ||||
Abstract | There are endangered species as bear, snow leopard and Menzbier's marmot recorded in Western Tien Shan mountains. Wild boar, Siberian ibex, roe deer, wolf, badger, porcupine and red fox are rather numerous species on this area. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecological News Journal. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 644 | Serial | 261 | ||
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Author | Esipov A.V. | ||||
Title | Distribution and Numbers of the Siberian Ibex in the Hissar Nature Reserve, Uzbekistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 76-78 | ||
Keywords | Uzbekistan; Hisssar nature reserve; wild ibex; distribution; number; predators; snow leopard.; 6640; Russian | ||||
Abstract | It describes distribution and number of ibex in four parts of the Hissar nature reserve in Uzbekistan. The total number of ibex is estimated to be 1,500 animals. The natural enemies of ibex are snow leopard, wolf, and lynx. Data about ibex's food, seasonal migrations, and threats are given. Decreasing forage reserve and poaching are considered as the most serious threats. A buffer zone is suggested to be established in the areas adjacent to Tajikistan and the Surkhandarya region of Uzbekistan. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Necessity of nature protection in South Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 642 | Serial | 258 | ||
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