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| Author | O'Connor, T.; Freeman, H. | ||||
| Title | Maternal behavior and behavioral development in the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 103-110 | |
| Keywords | behavior; captive; development; International; Panthera-uncia; pedigree; snow leopard; zoo | ||||
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Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | Blomqvist, L. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1035 | Serial | 733 | ||
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| Author | Rieger, I. | ||||
| Title | Scent marking behaviour of ounces, Uncia uncia | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 1 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 78-103 | |
| Keywords | behavior; behaviour; captive; International; marking; ounce; pedigree; scent; Scent-Marking; snow leopard; Uncia uncia; zoo | ||||
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Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | Blomqvist, L. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1037 | Serial | 818 | ||
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| Author | Freeman, H. | ||||
| Title | Characteristics of the social behavior in the snow leopard | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards, Vol. 3 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 117-120 | |
| Keywords | behavior; International; pedigree; snow leopard; social; social-behavior | ||||
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Helsinki Zoo | Place of Publication | Helsinki | Editor | Blomqvist, L. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1029 | Serial | 318 | ||
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| Author | Meiers, S.T. | ||||
| Title | Habitat use by captive puma (Felis concolor) and snow leopards (Pathera uncia) at the Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-74 | ||
| Keywords | habitat; habitat use; use; captive; felis; Felis-concolor; concolor; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; park; zoo; 1990; observations; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; zoological; zoological gardens; zoological-gardens; gardens; behavior; species; Time budget; dens; Identity; Animals; Animal; non; Cats; cat; location; relief | ||||
| Abstract | Between May 1990 and January 1991, behavioral observations were made of two captive pumas (Felis concolor Linnaeus), and two captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber) in their outdoor exhibits at the Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, Chicago, Illinois. Behaviors compared within and between species included: 1) time spend in the different habitat types; 2) time budgets for the different behaviors: laying, moving, sitting, standing, crouching, in the tree, drinking, urinating, defecating, within their inside dens, and “behavior not determined” when the identity or behavior of the individuals could not be determined; and 3) mobility of the animals within their exhibits. Also examined were: 4) preferences for different habitat types; 5) recommendations for future exhibit designs. Both species located themselves within their exhibits in a non-random manner. The majority of cats' time was spent in elevated locations (i.e., gunite ledges approximately 1-5.5 m above ground-level). Snow leopards exhibited this tendency to a greater extent than did the pumas. Both species also spent the majority of their time in the lying-down behavior; again snow leopards displayed this tendency significantly more than the pumas. Pumas were highly mobile and changed locations and behaviors in their exhibit significantly more than the snow leopards. No significant differences were noted between conspecifics in regard to habitat type preference, or mobility within the exhibit. Suggestions for future exhibit design include elevated locations for the cats to lay and look around within and outside their exhibits, caves for access to shade or relief from inclement weather, and ground surfaces to move about on. Features for exhibit design should take into consideration the natural habitat of the cat to occupy the exhibit. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
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DePaul University | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | A thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements for the degree of Master of Science at DePaul University. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1008 | Serial | 673 | ||
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| Author | Molyukov M.I. | ||||
| Title | Irbis | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 74-81 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; diet; behavior.; 7710; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | In a popular form it tells about snow leopard, its geographical distribution, behavioral patterns, food, enemies and competitors, hunting behavior, etc. Given are interesting data concerning the number of ibex killed during one hunt in eastern Pamir (25 30 ibexes), cases of snow leopard's attacking bears and so on. Snow leopard rarely preys on livestock, mainly sheep and goats. Young snow leopards are easily tamed. There are about 2,000 snow leopards in the USSR about 1,500 of them are in Kyrgyzstan. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of the Red Data Book of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 749 | Serial | 703 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev, E.P. | ||||
| Title | An Unusual Hunt | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | Pages | 9-12 | |
| Keywords | Tien-Shan; tracking; feces; ibex; hunting; predator; prey; browse; behavior; 940 | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available at URLTien Shan High Mountain Physical Geography Staion, Kirghizian Academy of Sciences (Pokrovka) USSRDocument Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 402 | Serial | 571 | ||
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| Author | Lukarevskiy V.S. | ||||
| Title | Peculiarities of communicative behavior of leopard, irbis, lynx, and caracal | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 200 | ||
| Keywords | Felidae; communicative behavioral; leopard; snow leopard; Lynx; caracal.; 7600; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It gives the description of communicative behavioral system (visual, olfactory and vocal elements) for two groups of large Felidae species such as leopard-irbis and lynx-caracal. General and specific behavioral regularities are given. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Mammals of Russia and neighbouring countries. Proceedings of the conference. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 738 | Serial | 627 | ||
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| Author | Gronberg, E. | ||||
| Title | Movement patterns of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) around kills based on GPS location clusters | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | snow leopard, Panthera, Mongolia, Snow Leopard Trust, predator, prey, kill, behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation. ArcGIS was used to calculate the distance between cluster and GPS-locations. I used two buffer zones (100 m and 500 m radius) to define the time snow leopards spent at kills. It was found that snow leopard age and prey category affected time spent at kills and also that snow leopard sex together with prey category affected the maximum distance moved away from kills between visits. Season had no significant effect on either time at kills or distance moved away from kills between visits. Snow leopards spent on average 3.2 days at their kills in the 100 m buffer zone and 3.5 days at their kills in the 500 m buffer zone. Subadults stayed longer at kills than adults and animals of both age categories spent longer time on larger prey. The mean maximum distance moved away from kills between visits was 179 m in the 100 m buffer zone and 252 m in the 500 m buffer zone. Female snow leopards moved further away from kills between visits than male snow leopards. Both the number of days spent on kills and maximum distance moved away from kills between visits increased when kills consisted of more than one animal. This study has provided some basic information on snow leopard behaviors around their kills but also highlights the need to monitor more snow leopards before more solid conclusions can be drawn as this study was based on based on a relatively small sample. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Master's thesis | |||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1301 | ||
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| Author | Freeman, H., Braden, K. | ||||
| Title | Zoo location as a factopr in the reproductive behavior of captive snow leopards, Uncia uncia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Zoological Garten J.F. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | 3/4 | Pages | 280-288 |
| Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, behavior, breeding, reproduction | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1256 | ||
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| Author | Freeman, H. | ||||
| Title | Breeding and behavior of the snow leopard | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, breeding, behavior, Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1239 | ||
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| Author | Hansen, J. | ||||
| Title | The snow leopard study, part one | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 7 | ||
| Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, Brookfield Zoo, behavior | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1212 | ||
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| Author | Chubykina, H.L., Shilo, R.A. | ||||
| Title | A study of diurnal activity rhythms in snow leopards and lynx (Panthera uncia and Felix lynx) at Novosibirsk Zoo | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1981 | Publication | International Zoo Yearbook | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | Pages | 193-196 | |
| Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, activity, behaviors, Novosibirsk Zoo | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1211 | ||
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| Author | Sapozhnikov G.N. | ||||
| Title | Wild sheep in Tajikistan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 199 p. | ||
| Keywords | Tajikistan; urial; argali; taxonomy; morphology; variability; life history characteristics; distribution; number; diet; behavior; parasites; predators; snow leopard.; 8060; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The monograph provides data concerning taxonomy, morphology, and age variability of wild sheep. There described distribution, number, population composition, behavioral patterns, reproduction, predators and parasites. Besides, a matter of conservation and sustainable use of the species is discussed. Together with wolf, snow leopard is called an enemy of O. o. vignei and argali (O. o. polii). | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in Russian | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 784 | Serial | 845 | ||
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| Author | Nolte-Wilson, B. | ||||
| Title | Soveriegn of menaced realm: the snow leopard | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Natura WWF-Pakistan Newsletter | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 3-9 |
| Keywords | Pakistan; browse; behavior; Chitrol-Gol; baiting; spays; pug; scrapes; habitat; 3130 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 171 | Serial | 723 | ||
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| Author | Zhirjakov, V.A. | ||||
| Title | On the ecology of the snow leopard in the Zailisky-Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Int Ped Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | Pages | 25-30 | |
| Keywords | Tien-Shan; ecology; China; browse; Kazakhstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; distribution; population; prey; behavior; food-habits; scat-analysis; 3240 | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 168 | Serial | 1078 | ||
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| Author | Oshmarin P.G. | ||||
| Title | Traces in nature | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 296 | ||
| Keywords | Traces of vital activity; hunting behavior; snow leopard.; 7820; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Traces of vital activity of various animal species such as footprints, faeces, food remains, etc. are identified. It also provides information about hunting behavior of predators. Snow leopards would hunt along rather than in groups. Near the remains of prey they leave pieces of skin, skull of victim remaining untouched. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in Russian | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 760 | Serial | 757 | ||
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| Author | Zakhidov T.Z.Meklenburtsev R.N., B.O.P. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard Uncia uncia Schreb. Distribution of fauna elements over Central Asia | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Vol. 2. Vertebrate animals. | Issue | Pages | 234-235 | |
| Keywords | Central Asia; snow leopard; distribution; preys; behavior; practical value.; 8670; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopard inhabits the mountainous ecosystems from Tarbagatai to Hissar and Pamir. It feeds upon large animals such as ibex, argali, roe deer, and sometimes domestic sheep, rodents, and birds (most frequently snow cock). The skin of this animal is not of significant value and is rarely an item of trade. In many countries, zoos will readily buy snow leopards. There is no danger for a man to catch snow leopard since even being wounded during a hunt, the animal would never attack the man. An encounter with snow leopard in the mountains will always end safely for human being, as it is always first to spot a man and go away unnoticed. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature and fauna of Central Asia. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 844 | Serial | 1069 | ||
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| Author | Panwar, H.S.; Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S. | ||||
| Title | Ecology of the Snow Loepard and Associated Prey in Central Ladakh | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 18 | ||
| Keywords | Ladakh; research; field-study; study; India; home-range; movement; habitat; prey; behavior; Himalaya; Human; ineraction; conflisct; Landsat; browse; 4180 | ||||
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| Notes | Full text at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 406 | Serial | 758 | ||
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| Author | Razmakhnin V.E. | ||||
| Title | Siberian wild ibex | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 164-175 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; Siberian wild ibex; biology; distribution; number; variability; behavior; predators; snow leopard.; 8050; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ungulates. Rare animals of the USSR. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 783 | Serial | 810 | ||
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| Author | Sitnikov, P. | ||||
| Title | The Death of a Snow Leopard | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 7-8 | ||
| Keywords | siberia; Ussr; Irkutsk; behavior; interaction; human-interaction; 4150 | ||||
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Place of Publication | Helsinki, Finland | Editor | L.Blomqvist | |
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| Notes | Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: International Pedigree Book of Snow LeopardsDate of Copyright: 1988 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 401 | Serial | 895 | ||
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| Author | Thapa, K., Rayamajhi, S. | ||||
| Title | Anti-predator strategies of blue sheep (naur) under varied predator compositions: a comparison of snow leopard-inhabited valleys with and without wolves in Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Wildlife Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | ||
| Keywords | Annapurna conservation area, antipredator behavior, blue sheep (Naur), predation, prey predator traits, snow leopard, trade-off, wolf. | ||||
| Abstract | In Nepal, naur are usually the staple wild prey for the snow leopard, a solitary stalker hunter, and in some cases, for the wolf who hunts in a pack. We assumed that naur would adapt their anti-predatory responses to the presence of chasing and ambushing predators in the Manang Valley, where there are snow leopards and wolves, and in the Nar Phu valley, an area where there is only the snow leopard. Aims. The aim of this study was to determine if there were differences in anti-predator strategies (vigilance, habitat selection and escape terrain) of naur in two valleys over two seasons, spring and autumn. Methods. In spring 2019, we conducted a reconnaissance survey on the status of the naur and its habitat in the Manang and Nar Phu valleys of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. In spring and autumn 2020 and 2021, we observed 360 focal naur individuals (180 individuals in each valley), using the vigilance behaviour methodology to examine the behaviour of the naur. Key results. There was little difference in the size of the naur groups between the Manang and Nar Phu valleys. The naur were twice as vigilant in Manang (15%), where there are snow leopards and wolves, as they were in Nar Phu (9%), with only snow leopards. The distance from the naur to escape cover was significantly shorter in Manang than in Nar Phu valley. Naur used significantly more rolling terrain in Nar Phu than in Manang. Conclusions. The return of wolves to the Manang valley may have resulted in an increase in the level of naur vigilance. Most likely, the wolves in Manang have already had an effect on the female-to-young-ratio, and this effect will possibly have important consequences for the naur population, as well as at the ecosystem level in the future. Other key determining factors, such as the climate crisis and changes in local resources, could have a significant impact on the naur population, indicating the need for more research. Implications. The findings of this study would provide valuable baseline information for the design of a science-based conservation strategy for conservation managers and scientists on naur, snow leopards and wolves. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1732 | ||
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| Author | Akimushkin I. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard or irbis | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 210-211 | ||
| Keywords | Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; behavior; reproduction.; 5990; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The biology of snow leopard is described in a popular form. Information of distribution, behavior and reproductive biology, etc. is given. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animal kingdom. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 578 | Serial | 48 | ||
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| Author | Freeman, H. | ||||
| Title | Social Behavior in the Snow Leopards and its implications for captive management | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication | Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 71-77 | |
| Keywords | social; behavior; captive; management; captivity; zoo; zoos; browse; 3600 | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 44 | Serial | 314 | ||
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| Author | Koshkarev, E.P. | ||||
| Title | Characteristics of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) movements in the Tien Shan | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1984 | Publication | International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | Pages | 15-21 | |
| Keywords | Tien-Shan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; behavior; habitat; tracks; tracking; prey; predator; ibex; kills; browse; tien shan; soviet union; soviet; union; 2750 | ||||
| Abstract | Reports on a 3 yr winter study of snow leopard movements and activity, based on following tracks in the snow in Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. Travel route preference is examined with regard to snow and terrain characteristics, and prey abundance. Snow leopard kills of ibex and hare are noted | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 403 | Serial | 570 | ||
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| Author | Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. | ||||
| Title | Observations of snow leopard stalking, killing and feeding behavior | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication | Mammalia | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 137-140 |
| Keywords | India; stalking; killing; feeding; behavior; observations; browse; 850 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URLDocument Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 99 | Serial | 292 | ||
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