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Author |
Suryawanshi, K.R.; Bhatnagar, Y.; Mishra, C. |
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Title |
Why should a grazer browse? Livestock impact on winter resource use by bharal Pseudois nayaur
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Oecologia |
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1-10 |
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Keywords |
browse; livestock; impact; winter; resource; use; bharal; Pseudois; pseudois nayaur; Pseudois-nayaur; nayaur; diet; variation; diets; conservation; Media; study; decline; areas; area; grazing; Pressure; plants; plant; sign; feeding; location; population; structure; populations; using; young; Female; times; High; Competition; species; predators; predator; endangered; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trans-himalaya; transhimalaya |
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Abstract |
Many mammalian herbivores show a temporal diet variation between graminoid-dominated and browse dominated diets. We determined the causes of such a diet shift and its implications for conservation of a medium sized ungulate-the bharal Pseudois nayaur. Past studies show that the bharal diet is dominated by graminoids (>80%) during summer, but the contribution of graminoids declines to about 50% in winter. We tested the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses explaining the decline: low graminoid availability during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet; bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutritional quality, in their diet to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. We measured winter graminoid availability in areas with no livestock grazing, areas with relatively moderate livestock grazing, and those with intense livestock grazing pressures. The chemical composition of plants contributing to the bharal diet was analysed. The bharal diet was quantiWed through signs of feeding on vegetation at feeding locations. Population structures of bharal populations were recorded using a total count method. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. The bharal diet was dominated by graminoids (73%) in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to the bharal diet declined monotonically (50, 36%) with a decline in graminoid availability. Bharal young to female ratio was 3 times higher in areas with high graminoid availability than areas with low graminoid availability. The composition of the bharal winter diet was governed predominantly by the availability of graminoids in the rangelands. Our results suggest that bharal include more browse in their diet during winter due to competition from livestock for graminoids. Since livestock grazing reduces graminoid availability, creation of livestock-free areas is necessary for the conservation of grazing species such as the bharal and its predators including the endangered snow leopard in the Trans-Himalaya. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Online |
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This study was made possible by a grant from the Snow Leopard Network. Additional support was given by the Wildlife Conservation Society-India Program and Nature Conservation Foundation, the Whitley Fund for Nature, the Ford Foundation, and the Nadathur Conservation Trust. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1062 |
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951 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.M.; Ahlborn, G. |
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Title |
Observations on the Ecology of Snow Leopard in West Nepal |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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65-87 |
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Keywords |
Nepal; field study; predator; prey; home-range; habitat; tracking; trapping; radio-collars; behavior; activity; patterns; sign; scrapes; feces; marking; markings; browse; home range; home; range; radio; collar; radio collar; collars; radio collars; research; 1670 |
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This summary of a four year field study by Jackson and Ahlborn begging in 1982 and concluding in 1985, discusses behaviour, trapping and tracking techniques, home range, activity patterns, prey and habitat and survey methods. |
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Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
Place of Publication |
India |
Editor |
H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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SLN @ rana @ 117 |
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478 |
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Author |
Mallon, D.P. |
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Title |
A Further Report on The Snow Leopard in Ladakh |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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89-97 |
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Ladakh; India; ecology; Protected-area-network; reserves; parks; refuge; habitat; field study; tracking; scrapes; marking; feces; behavior; status; distribution; browse; 1680 |
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A detailed knowledge of the ecology of a species is fundemental to the drawing up of effective conservation measures. One aim of the current project was to identify good areas of snow leopard habitatand evaluate them for possible inclusion in the Protected Area Network. Several good areas were surveyed and an outstanding area identified, and included in a report to the Chief Wildlife Warden. |
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Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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SLN @ rana @ 118 |
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645 |
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Author |
Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R.M. |
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Title |
Marking in Free-Ranging Snow Leopards in West Nepal: A preliminary assesment |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1988 |
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25-49 |
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Nepal; sign; markings; scrapes; spray; scat; habitat; status; behavior; browse; 1630 |
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Describes and Quantifies snow leopard marking behaviour, based primarily on sign, gatherd during a four year study in Nepal. Emphasis is on scrapes and spray markings, detailing their frequency of occurence realtive to habitat characteristics and season. Both sexes mark intensively, sign abundance is associated with intensity of use, and sign is concentrated along breaks in terrain. |
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Snow Leopard Trust and the Wildlife Institute of India |
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India |
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H.Freeman |
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English |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Shrinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 102 |
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37 |
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Author |
Feng, Z. |
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Title |
The mammals of Tibet |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1986 |
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Tibet; browse; 3500; Chinese |
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Science Press |
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Beijing |
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Chinese |
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SLN @ rana @ 95 |
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272 |
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Author |
Bhatnagar, Y.V. |
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Title |
Ranging and Habitat Use by Himalayan Ibex (Capra ibex sibirica) in Pin Valley National Park |
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1997 |
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ibex; India; predator; prey; potected-area; parks; reserves; Pin-valley; browse; protected; area; 1850 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Saurashtra University |
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Place of Publication: Rajkot, India |
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SLN @ rana @ 301 |
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135 |
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Author |
Lydekker, R. |
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Title |
The Game Animals of India, Burma, Malaya, and Tibet |
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1907 |
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prey; predators; game; India; Burma; Malaya; Tibet; browse; 1930 |
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Rowland Ward |
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London |
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English |
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ProCite field [12]: (1907) |
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SLN @ rana @ 9 |
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630 |
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Author |
Ishunin, G.I. |
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Title |
The Fauna of Uzbek SSR |
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Book Whole |
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1961 |
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Uzbekistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; browse; soviet; union; 2560; Russian |
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Predators |
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Tashkent |
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In Russian |
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SLN @ rana @ 14 |
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423 |
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Author |
Norberg-Hodge, H. |
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Title |
Ladakh: Developement without Destruction |
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1981 |
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The Himalaya: Aspects of Change |
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278-284 |
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Ladakh; conservation; development; habitat; browse; 1960 |
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Publisher ![sorted by Publisher field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Oxford University Press |
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New Delhi |
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Lall, J.S. |
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Author Role: Editor |
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SLN @ rana @ 61 |
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724 |
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Author |
Rosenthal, M.; Ott, J.L. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Captive Mangement Survey |
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Year |
1988 |
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captivity; zoos; zoo; management; browse; 3680 |
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Lincon Park Zoological Gardens |
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Chicago |
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SLN @ rana @ 126 |
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827 |
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