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Author | Johansson, O., Ausilio, G., Low, M., Lkhagvajav, P., Weckworth, B., Sharma, K. | ||||
Title | The timing of breeding and independence for snow leopard females and their cubs. | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Mammalian Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Age of independence; Life-history trade-offs; Panthera uncia; Parental care; Pre-dispersal behavior; Separation; Subadult | ||||
Abstract | Significant knowledge gaps persist on snow leopard demography and reproductive behavior. From a GPS-collared population in Mongolia, we estimated the timing of mating, parturition and independence. Based on three mother–cub pairs, we describe the separation phase of the cub from its mother as it gains independence. Snow leopards mated from January–March and gave birth from April–June. Cubs remained with their mother until their second winter (20–22 months of age) when cubs started showing movements away from their mother for days at a time. This initiation of independence appeared to coincide with their mother mating with the territorial male. Two female cubs remained in their mothers’ territory for several months after initial separation, whereas the male cub quickly dispersed. By comparing the relationship between body size and age of independence across 11 solitary, medium-to-large felid species, it was clear that snow leopards have a delayed timing of separation compared to other species. We suggest this may be related to their mating behavior and the difficulty of the habitat and prey capture for juvenile snow leopards. Our results, while limited, provide empirical estimates for understanding snow leopard ecology and for parameterizing population models. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1613 | |||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | SSC Plan for Snow Leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | physiology; status; distribution; description; behavior; reproduction; mating; breeding; vocalization; gestation; biology; habitat; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; longevity; homerange; home-range; prey; diet; Cites; Iunc; parks; preserves; reserves; refuge; protected-areas; movements; activity; livestock; herders; depredation; conflict; trade; poaching; hunting; research; captivity; management; zoos; Slims; surveys; transects; browse; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 3920; plan; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL DRAFT – Revised September 22, 1992 by Rodney Jackson | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 201 | Serial | 450 | ||
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Author | Ming, M. | ||||
Title | Camera trapping on snow leopards in the Muzat Valley, Reserve, Xinjiang, P.R. China (October-December 2005) | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-5 | ||
Keywords | behavior; camera trapping; China; feces; ibex; infrared trapping cameras; livestock; population size; snow leopard; Tomur; transect; Xinjiang | ||||
Abstract | The main purpose of this work was to study the use of infrared trapping cameras to estimate Snow Leopard population size in a specific study area. This is the first time a study of this nature has taken place in China. During 71 days of field work, a total of 36 cameras were set up in Muzat Valley adjacent to the Tomur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province. We expended approximately 2094 trap days total. At least 32 pictures of Snow Leopards, 22 pictures of other wild species and 72 pictures of livestock were taken in the Muzat Valley. Meanwhile, 20 transects were run and 31 feces sample were collected. We also observed the behavior of ibex for 77.3 hours and found a total of approximately 264 ibexes in the research area. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 970 | Serial | 682 | ||
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Author | McVittie, R. | ||||
Title | Nursing behavior of snow leopard cubs | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1978 | Publication | Applied-Animal-Ethology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 159-168 |
Keywords | suckling; behavior; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; browse; 1580 | ||||
Abstract | Reports that a preliminary project on nursing behavior in 3 young snow leopards revealed 2 phases in suckling pattern: nonnutritive and nutritive. The latter was distinguished by stereotypic rhythmical movements of the ears associated with swallowing. The cubs also demonstrated a teat preference, but the adaptive significance of such preferences and the accompanying agonistic behavior were unclear. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned) | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 37 | Serial | 669 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. | ||||
Title | Camera-Trapping of Snow Leopards | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 42 | Issue | Spring | Pages | 19-21 |
Keywords | camera trapping; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; felids; tigers; tiger; techniques; surveys; survey; information; factor; marking; behavior; Ahlborn; Jackson; habitat; status; range; census; India; Hemis; High; national; national park; National-park; park; Ladakh; leh | ||||
Abstract | Solitary felids like tigers and snow leopards are notoriously difficult to enumerate, and indirect techniques like pugmark surveys often produce ambiguous information that is difficult to interpret because many factors influence marking behavior and frequency (Ahlborn & Jackson 1988). Considering the snow leopard's rugged habitat, it is not surprising then that information on its current status and occupied range is very limited. We adapted the camera-trapping techniques pioneered by Ullas Karanth and his associates for counting Bengal tigers to the census taking of snow leopards in the Rumbak watershed of the India's Hemis High Altitude National Park (HNP), located in Ladakh near Leh (76ø 50' to 77ø 45' East; 33ø 15' to 34ø 20'North). | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1017 | Serial | 475 | ||
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Author | McCarthy, T.; Khan, J.; Ud-Din, J.; McCarthy, K. | ||||
Title | First study of snow leopards using GPS-satellite collars underway in Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | Spring | Pages | 22-23 |
Keywords | study; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; using; collars; collar; Pakistan; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; habitat; Cats; cat; sound; knowledge; ecology; behavior; conserve; information; radio; radio collars; radio collar; radio-collars; radio-collar; Nepal; 1980; Mongolia; 1990; Gps; Report; Data; Satellite | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are highly cryptic and occupy remote inaccessible habitat, making studying the cats difficult in the extreme. Yet sound knowledge of the cat's ecology, behavior and habitat needs is required to intelligently conserve them. This information is lacking for snow leopards, and until recently so was the means to fill that knowledge gap. Two long-term studies of snow leopards using VHF radio collars have been undertaken in Nepal (1980s) and Mongolia (1990s) but logistical and technological constraints made the findings of both studies equivocal. Technological advances in the interim, such as GPS collars which report data via satellite, make studies of snow leopards more promising, at least in theory. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1009 | Serial | 666 | ||
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Author | Matyushkin, E.N. | ||||
Title | Tracks and tracking techniques in studies of large carnivorous mammals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Zoologichesky Zhurnal | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 79 | Issue | (4) | Pages | 412-429 |
Keywords | Lynx; Scent-Marking; Organization; population; behavior; Felidae; Forest; Russia; tracking; pug marks; scent; marking; browse; 60; Russian | ||||
Abstract | In Russia, traditions of track observations and the use of tracking techniques in studying the ecology and behavior of mammals were founded by A.N. Formozov. An analytic review of his data on large carnivorous mammals (tiger, snow leopard, wolf, brown bear, wolverine, and others) is given. A special detailed observation of animals' tracks as a source of information on their life is shown only to start. The efficiency of track observations in various fields of studies, including counting animals, is estimated. The values of day and night distances for various animal species, given in literature, have never been properly substantiated methodically. The tracking method is the most effective in studying the use of the home range by animals, drawing the network of their movements and scent-marking behavior. The hunting behavior of large predators in dense forests is can only be deduced by observing their tracks. In some cases, the use of tracking has a distinct advantage over radio tracking. The main propositions are illustrated by the materials of the author obtained in various Russian regions (in forests of the northern Russian Plain and southern Far east) for 1958-1998. | ||||
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Notes | Document Type: Russian | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 391 | Serial | 652 | ||
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Author | Kitchener, S.L.; Meritt; Rosenthal, M. | ||||
Title | Observations on the breeding and husbandry of snow leopards, Panthera uncia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1975 | Publication | Int.Zoo Yearbook | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 15 | Issue | Pages | 212-217 | |
Keywords | breeding; husbandry; behavior; captivity; zoos; zoo; browse; 3640; Adult; care; biology; growth; mortality; factor; young; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; program; park | ||||
Abstract | Describes adult care and breeding biology, and the care, growth, and mortality factors of young snow leopards in a successful breeding program in the Lincon Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 31 | Serial | 535 | ||
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Author | Lanier, D.L.; Dewsbury, D.A. | ||||
Title | A quantitative study of copulatory behaviour of large Felidae | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1976 | Publication | Behavioural-Processes | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 1 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 327-333 |
Keywords | behavior; breeding; mating; copulation; veterinary; zoo; zoos; medical; reproduction; browse; 1590 | ||||
Abstract | Observed a total of 109 copulations in 6 male-female pairs from 4 species of large Felidae. The mean intromission durations were 3.0 sec for Asian leopards (Panthera pardus), 3.3 sec for African leopards (P. pardus), 12.9 sec for snow leopards (Uncia uncia), 2.3 sec for spotted jaguars (P. onca), 3.3 sec for black jaguars (P. onca), and 12.4 sec for Siberian tigers (P. tigris). Behavioral patterns were qualitatively similar across species; all displayed a copulatory pattern with no lock, no intravaginal thrusting, ejaculation on a single insertion, and multiple ejaculations. Whereas domestic cats are reported to assume a neck grip and to tread prior to insertion, these larger Felidae generally did so after intromission had been achieved. After copulation, females of some pairs swiped at the male and displayed a rolling after-reaction. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved)(unassigned) | ||||
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Notes | Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers BV. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 32 | Serial | 610 | ||
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Author | Kuznetsnov, G.U.; Matyushkin, E.N. | ||||
Title | The snow leopard hunts | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1980 | Publication | Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 11 | Issue | Pages | 44-48 | |
Keywords | Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; Tien-Shan; hunting; behavior; predator; prey; browse; soviet; union; tien; shan; 3760 | ||||
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Notes | Describes observations of a snow leopard hunting ibex in the western Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. The hunt was unsucceseful, but the account provides information on behavior of both the snow leoaprd and ibex in a predator prey relationship | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 56 | Serial | 599 | ||
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