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LI. J, WANG. D, YIN. H,ZHAXI. D, JIAGONG. Z,SCHALLER. G. B,MISHRA. C,MCCARTHY. T. M, WANG. H,WU. L,XIAO. L,BASANG. L,ZHANG. Y,ZHOU. Y,LU. Z |
| Title |
Role of Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries in Snow Leopard Conservation |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
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Conservation Biology |
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00 |
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1-8 |
| Keywords |
conservation strategy, distribution, MaxEnt, nature reserve, Panthera uncia, sacred mountain |
| Abstract |
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits the rugged mountains in 12 countries of Central Asia,
including the Tibetan Plateau. Due to poaching, decreased abundance of prey, and habitat degradation, it was listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1972. Current conservation strategies, including nature reserves and incentive programs, have limited capacities to protect snow leopards. We investigated the role of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in snow leopard conservation in the Sanjiangyuan region in China’s Qinghai Province on the Tibetan Plateau. From 2009 to 2011, we systematically surveyed snow leopards in the Sanjiangyuan region. We used the MaxEnt model to determine the relation of their presence to environmental variables (e.g., elevation, ruggedness) and to predict snow leopard distribution. Model results showed 89,602 km2 of snow leopard habitat in the Sanjiangyuan region, of which 7674 km2 lay within Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve’s core zones. We analyzed the spatial relation between snow leopard habitat and Buddhist monasteries and found that 46% of monasteries were located in snow leopard habitat and 90% were within 5 km of snow leopard habitat. The 336 monasteries in the Sanjiangyuan region could protect more snow leopard habitat (8342 km2) through social norms and active patrols than the nature reserve’s core zones. We conducted 144 household interviews to identify local herders’ attitudes and behavior toward snow leopards and other wildlife. Most local herders claimed that they did not kill wildlife, and 42% said they did not kill wildlife because it was a sin in Buddhism. Our results indicate monasteries play an important role in snow leopard conservation. Monastery-based snow leopard conservation could be extended to other Tibetan Buddhist regions that in total would encompass about 80% of the global range of snow leopards. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1400 |
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Ming, M.; Munkhtsog, B.; Xu, F.; Turghan, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Wei, S.-D. |
| Title |
Markings as Indicator of Snow Leopard in Field Survey, in Xinjiang |
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Miscellaneous |
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2005 |
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Chinese Journal of Zoology |
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34-39 |
| Keywords |
markings; marking; snow leopard; leopard; field survey; Xinjiang; Chinese; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; China; Tianshan Mountains; conservation; field work; length; snow leopards; snow-leopards; density; densities; pug; pug marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; feces; scent; spray; Hair; fur; prey; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; distribution; region; relative abundance; abundance; study; areas; knowledge; potential; conservation problems; Human; attitudes; attitude; 200 |
| Abstract |
The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) was a very rare species in China. The survey on the markings of Snow Leopard in Ahay and Tianshan Mountains is the major activity of the Project of Snow Leopard in Xinjiang, supported by International Snow Leopard Trust(ISLT)and Xinjiang Conservation Fund(XCF). During the field work from Sep to Nov 2004 the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group(XSLG) set 67 transects of a total length of 47 776 m with mean transect length is 7 1 3 m at 9 locations.Total of 1 l 8 markings of Snow Leopards were found in 27 transects the mean density is 247km. The markings of Snow Leopard included the pug marks or footprints, scrapes, feces, bloodstain, scent spray, urine, hair or fur, claw rake, remains of prey corpse, sleep site, roar and others. From the quantity and locations of marks the XSLG got the information on habitat selection distribution region and relative abundance of the Snow Leopard in the study areas. The survey also provided knowledge on distribution and abundance of major prey potential conservation problems and human attitudes to Snow Leopards by taking 200 questionnaires in the study areas. |
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Full text available in Chinese |
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SLN @ rana @ 875 |
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681 |
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Bagchi, S., Mishra, C., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T. |
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Out of Steppe? Pastoralism and ibex conservation in Spiti. |
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Report |
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2002 |
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CERC Technical Report No. 7 |
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steppe, snow leopard, pastoral, conservation, ibex, Spiti, India |
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Nature Conservation Foundation, India; Wildlife Institute of India, International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle |
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English |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1274 |
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| Author |
Jackson, P. |
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Villagers save predatory snow leopard |
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1998 |
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Cat News |
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28 |
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12 |
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conservation education; damage; damage by wildlife; endangered; threatened species; mammals; management; wildlife; human relationships; relocation; goats; livestock; Pakistan; herders; prey; panthera uncia; browse; conservation; education; threatened; species; Human; relationships; panthera; uncia; 570 |
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A short report is presented on the capture and relocation of a snow leopard in northern Pakistan. Villagers discovered the leopard attacking their goats and captured it. WWF-Gilgit relocated the leopard to a remote area. slj. |
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AUTHOR ADDRESS: 1172 Bougy, Switzerland. tel/fax: +41 (021) 808-6012; e-mail: pjackson@iprolink.ch
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SLN @ rana @ 336 |
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430 |
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Jackson, R. |
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Linking Snow Leopard Conservation and People-Wildlife Conflict Resolution, Summary of a multi-country project aimed at developing grass-roots measures to protect the endangered snow leopard from herder retribution |
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2000 |
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Cat News |
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33 |
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12-15 |
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livestock-depredation; livestock; pastoralists; herders; Pakistan; Nepal; Tibet; Mongolia; India; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; snow-leopard-incentive-program; economics; tourism; pens; corrals; enclosures; trapping; poisoning; killing; cubs; dens; retribution; behavior; predator; prey; Qomolangma; habitat; feces; fecal-analysis; compensation; Dogs; guard-dogs; religion; conservation; browse; depredation; snow; leopard; incentive; program; fecal; analysis; guard; Dog; 4000 |
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Full Text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 375 |
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464 |
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McCarthy, T.; Allen, P. |
| Title |
Knitting for snow leopards |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Cat News |
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30 |
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24-25 |
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conservation-programs; endangered; threatened-species; human-dimensions; management; conservation; asia; Mongolia; herder; herding; herders; browse; threatened; species; programs; Human; dimensions.; 1040 |
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The authors describe an innovative conservation program for the endangered snow leopard. A program was established in which herding families in Mongolia knit scarves, gloves, and hats from camel, sheep, and cashmere wool for sale as eco-friendly products. The program increases family incomes, brings in revenue for conservation programs, and educates the herders on the leopards. klf. |
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Full Text at URL. Author Contact: 4649 Sunnyside Ave N. ,Suite 325, Seattle Wa 98103Document Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 368 |
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659 |
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McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O. |
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Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia |
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2010 |
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Cat News |
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Autumn |
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15-19 |
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snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling |
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Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species. |
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1151 |
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Williams, N. |
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2008 International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards: Saving the Species Across its Range |
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2008 |
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Cat News |
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48 |
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33-34 |
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Panthera, conference,Beijing, China, 2008, planning, Wildlife Conservation Society, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Network, Chinese Institute of Zoology |
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Over 100 snow leopard experts, enthusiasts, and government officials gathered in the outskirts of Beijing, China from March 7–11, 2008 for the firstever International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards. Conference organizers included Panthera, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Snow Leopard Trust (SLT), Snow Leopard Network (SLN), and the Chinese Institute of Zoology. |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1344 |
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Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K. |
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Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Northwest India |
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1991 |
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Biological Conservation |
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55 |
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3 |
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283-298 |
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ibex; leopard; snow-leopard; blue-sheep; Asiatic-ibex; asia; Himalayas; India; Himalaya; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; panthera; uncia; Pseudois; nayaur; Capra-ibex; parks; reserves; conservation; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; pseudois nayaur; capra; Asiatic; 790 |
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Evidence of snow leopard presence was most abundant in C Ladakh, decreased southward toward the crest of the Himalaya, and was least on the S side of the main Himalaya. Prey populations, primarily blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra ibex, were also more plentiful in the areas surveyed to the N of the main Himalaya. Perhaps 400 snow leopard occur throughout NW India. The stronghold of this species in India is apparently the trans- Himalayan ranges in Ladakh where new parks and reserves are being established, some in association with a snow leopard recovery programme of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and a 'Project Snow Leopard' of the central Indian government. Because of the generally low density of snow leopard, conservation measures must also be considered within the large areas of its range lying outside parks and reserves. -from Authors |
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Full text at URLDocument Type: English |
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SLN @ rana @ 174 |
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297 |
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Gaston, A.J.; Garson, P.J.; Hunter, M.L. |
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The status and conservation of forest wildlife in Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalayas |
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1983 |
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Biological Conservation |
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27 |
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4 |
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291-314 |
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Himachal; park; conservation; Himalayas; reserves; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected; area; 890 |
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The wildlife of temperate forest ecosystems in the Western Himalayas is threatened by destruction of habitat and hunting. Two species of pheasants occuring in the survey area (western tragopan Tragopan melanocephalus and cheer pheasant Catreus wallichi) are listed in the IUCN Red Data Book (1979). Small populations of both species were located and information on their habitat requirements was obtained. The status of most large mammal species appears to be precarious, with the populations encountered being small and fragmented. Species formerly common but now rare include Himalayan brown bear Ursus arctos, Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus and musk deer Moschus moschiferus. The snow leopard Panthera uncia has disappeared completely from the area.-from Authors |
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SLN @ rana @ 58 |
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