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| Author | Encke, B. | ||||
| Title | The breeding of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the Krefeld Zoo | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1966 | Publication  |
Freunde des Kolner Zoo | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | Winter 1966/1967 | Pages | 145-146 |
| Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, Krefeld Zoo, Germany | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Translated by K. Wittmeyer | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1243 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Encke, B. | ||||
| Title | Die sucht von schneeleoparden (Uncia uncia) im Krefelder Tierpark | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1967 | Publication |
Freunde des Kolner Zoo | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | Winter 1966/1967 | Pages | 145-146 |
| Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, Krefeld Zoo | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1244 | ||
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| Author | Aspinall, J. | ||||
| Title | Some aspects of breeding tigers and other big cats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1978 | Publication |
Friends of Howletts and Port Lympne | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Spring | Pages | 26-32 |
| Keywords | snow leopard, captivity, Howletts, Port Lympne | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1215 | ||
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| Author | Hellstrom, M., Kruger, E., Naslund, J., Bisther, M., Edlund, A., Hernvall, P., Birgersson, V., Augusto, R., Lancaster, M. L. | ||||
| Title | Capturing environmental DNA in snow tracks of polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard towards individual identification | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Frontiers in Conservation Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 1250996 | Pages | 1-9 |
| Keywords | nuclear eDNA, snow, snow track, individual, polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), snow leopard (Panthera uncia), sampling protocol | ||||
| Abstract | Polar bears (Ursus maritimus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are elusive large carnivores inhabiting snow-covered and remote areas. Their effective conservation and management are challenged by inadequate population information, necessitating development of novel data collection methods. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from snow tracks (footprints in snow) has identified species based on mitochondrial DNA, yet its utility for individual-based analyses remains unsolved due to challenges accessing the nuclear genome. We present a protocol for capturing nuclear eDNA from polar bear, Eurasian lynx and snow leopard snow tracks and verify it through genotyping at a selection of microsatellite markers. We successfully retrieved nuclear eDNA from 87.5% (21/24) of wild polar bear snow tracks, 59.1% (26/44) of wild Eurasian lynx snow tracks, and the single snow leopard sampled. We genotyped over half of all wild polar bear samples (54.2%, 13/24) at five loci, and 11% (9/44) of wild lynx samples and the snow leopard at three loci. Genotyping success from Eurasian lynx snow tracks increased to 24% when tracks were collected by trained rather than untrained personnel. Thirteen wild polar bear samples comprised 11 unique genotypes and two identical genotypes; likely representing 12 individual bears, one of which was sampled twice. Snow tracks show promise for use alongside other non-invasive and conventional methods as a reliable source of nuclear DNA for genetic mark-recapture of elusive and threatened mammals. The detailed protocol we present has utility for broadening end user groups and engaging Indigenous and local communities in species monitoring. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1738 | ||
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| Author | Alexander, J. S., Murali, R., Mijiddorj, T. N., Agvaantseren, B., Lhamo, C., Sharma, D., Suryawanshi, K. R., Zhi, L., Sharma, K., Young, J. C. | ||||
| Title | Applying a gender lens to biodiversity conservation in High Asia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Frontiers in Conservation Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
| Keywords | gender, snow leopards, pastoralism, rights, decision-making | ||||
| Abstract | Community-based conservation efforts represent an important approach to facilitate the coexistence of people and wildlife. A concern, however, is that these efforts build on existing community structures and social norms, which are commonly dominated by men. Some biodiversity conservation approaches may consequently neglect women’s voices and deepen existing inequalities and inequities. This paper presents two community case studies that draw upon the knowledge and experience gained in our snow leopard conservation practice in pastoral and agro-pastoral settings in Mongolia and India to better understand women’s roles and responsibilities. In these settings, roles and responsibilities in livestock management and agriculture are strongly differentiated along gender lines, and significant gaps remain in women’s decision-making power about natural resources at the community level. We argue that context-specific and gender-responsive approaches are needed to build community support for conservation actions and leverage women’s potential contributions to conservation outcomes. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1741 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Johansson, O., Ullman, K., Lkhagvajav, P., Wiseman, M., Malmsten, J., Leijon, M. | ||||
| Title | Detection and Genetic Characterization of Viruses Present in Free-Ranging Snow Leopards Using Next-Generation Sequencing | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Frontiers in Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 645 | Pages | 1-9 |
| Keywords | snow leopard, free-ranging, virome, Mongolia, rectal swabs, next-generating sequencing, Panthera unica | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopards inhabit the cold, arid environments of the high mountains of South and Central Asia. These living conditions likely affect the abundance and composition of microbes with the capacity to infect these animals. It is important to investigate the microbes that snow leopards are exposed to detect infectious disease threats and define a baseline for future changes that may impact the health of this endangered felid. In this work, next-generation sequencing is used to investigate the fecal (and in a few cases serum) virome of seven snow leopards from the Tost Mountains of Mongolia. The viral species to which the greatest number of sequences reads showed high similarity was rotavirus. Excluding one animal with overall very few sequence reads, four of six animals (67%) displayed evidence of rotavirus infection. A serum sample of a male and a rectal swab of a female snow leopard produced sequence reads identical or closely similar to felid herpesvirus 1, providing the first evidence that this virus infects snow leopards. In addition, the rectal swab from the same female also displayed sequence reads most similar to feline papillomavirus 2, which is the first evidence for this virus infecting snow leopards. The rectal swabs from all animals also showed evidence for the presence of small circular DNA viruses, predominantly Circular Rep-Encoding Single-Stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses and in one case feline anellovirus. Several of the viruses implicated in the present study could affect the health of snow leopards. In animals which are under environmental stress, for example, young dispersing individuals and lactating females, health issues may be exacerbated by latent virus infections. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1612 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Sharma, R. | ||||
| Title | Of Men and Mountain Ghosts: Glimpses from the Rooftop of the World | Type | Magazine Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication |
GEO | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 56-67 |
| Keywords | snow leopard, camera trap, Spiti, India, Sharma | ||||
| Abstract | Catching a glimpse of a snow leopard is a rare and exciting event for anyone. For researchers, hideen camera traps have become a vital tool in their work. | ||||
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| Publisher | GEO International | Place of Publication | India | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1139 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Bohnett, E., Faryabi, S. P., Lewison, R., An, L., Bian, X., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Rooyesh, H., Mills, E., Ramos, S., Mesnildrey, N., Perez, C. M. S., Taylor, J., Terentyev, V., Ostrowski, S. | ||||
| Title | Human expertise combined with artificial intelligence improves performance of snow leopard camera trap studies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Global Ecology & Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | e02350 | Pages | 1-13 |
| Keywords | Snow leopard, Artificial intelligence, Camera trap misclassification, individual ID, HotSpotter | ||||
| Abstract | Camera trapping is the most widely used data collection method for estimating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) abundance; however, the accuracy of this method is limited by human observer errors from misclassifying individuals in camera trap images. We evaluated the extent Whiskerbook (www.whiskerbook.org), an artificial intelligence (AI) software, could reduce this error rate and enhance the accuracy of capture-recapture abundance estimates. Using 439 images of 34 captive snow leopard individuals, classification was performed by five observers with prior experience in individual snow leopard ID (“experts”) and five observers with no such experience (“novices”). The “expert” observers classified 35 out of 34 snow leopard individuals, on average erroneously splitting one individual into two, thus resulting in a higher number than true individuals. The success rate of experts was 90 %, with less than a 3 % error in estimating the population size in capture-recapture modeling. However, the “novice” observers successfully matched 71 % of encounters, recognizing 25 out of 34 individuals, underestimating the population by 25 %. It was found that expert observers significantly outperformed novice observers, making statistically fewer errors (Mann Whitney U test P = 0.01) and finding the true number of individuals (P = 0.01). These differences were contrasted with a previous study by Johansson et al. 2020, using the same subset of 16 individuals from European zoos. With the help of AI and the Whiskerbook platform, “experts” were able to match 87 % of encounters and identify 15 out of 16 individuals, with modeled estimates of 16 ± 1 individuals. In contrast, “novices” were 63 % accurate in matching encounters and identified 12 out of 16 individuals, modeling 12 ± 1 individuals that underestimated the population size by 12 %. When comparing the performance of observers using AI and the Whiskerbook platform to observers performing the tasks manually, we found that observers using Whiskerbook made significantly fewer errors in splitting one individual into two (P = 0.04). However, there were also a significantly higher number of combination errors, where two individuals were combined into one (P = 0.01). Specifically, combination errors were found to be made by “novices” (P = 0.04). Although AI benefited both expert and novice observers, expert observers outperformed novices. Our results suggest that AI effectively reduced the misclassification of individual snow leopards in camera trap studies, improving abundance estimates. However, even with AI support, expert observers were needed to obtain the most accurate estimates. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1715 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Rode, J., Lambert, C., Marescot, L., Chaix, B., Beesau, J., Bastian, S., Kyrbashev, J., Cabanat, A.L. | ||||
| Title | Population monitoring of snow leopards using camera trapping in Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, between 2016 and 2019 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication |
Global Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | e01850 | Pages | 1-6 |
| Keywords | Snow leopard, camera trapping, Citizen science, Kyrgyzstan | ||||
| Abstract | Four field seasons of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) camera trapping inside Naryn State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan, performed thanks to citizen science expeditions, allowed detecting a minimal population of five adults, caught every year with an equilibrated sex ratio (1.5:1) and reproduction: five cubs or subadults have been identified from three litters of two different females. Crossings were observed one to three times a year, in front of most camera traps, and several times a month in front of one of them. Overlap of adults’ minimal territories was observed in front of several camera traps, regardless of their sex. Significant snow leopard presence was detected in the buffer area and at Ulan area which is situated at the reserve border. To avoid poaching on this apex predator and its preys, extending the more stringent protection measures of the core zone to both the Southern buffer area and land adjacent to Ulan is recommended. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1660 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Tallian, A., Mattisson, J., Samelius, G., Odden, J., Mishra, C., Linnell, J. D. C., Lkhagvajav, P., Johansson, O. | ||||
| Title | Wild versus domestic prey: Variation in the kill-site behavior of two large felids | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Global Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 47 | Issue | e026750 | Pages | 1-13 |
| Keywords | Eurasian lynx, Handling time, Landscape, Livestock, Predation, Snow leopard | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock depredation is an important source of conflict for many terrestrial large carnivore species. Understanding the foraging behavior of large carnivores on domestic prey is therefore important for both mitigating conflict and conserving threatened carnivore populations. Handling time is an important, albeit often overlooked, component of predatory behavior, as it directly influences access to food biomass, which can affect predator foraging efficiency and subsequent kill rates. We used long-term data on snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Mongolia (Asia) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Norway (Europe) to examine how large carnivore foraging patterns varied between domestic and wild prey, and how the different landscape characteristics affected those patterns. Our results suggest handling time was generally shorter for domestic compared to wild prey. For snow leopards, rugged terrain was linked to increased handling time for larger prey. For lynx, handling time increased with terrain ruggedness for domestic, but not wild, prey, and was greater in closed compared to open habitats. There were also other differences in snow leopard and lynx foraging behavior, e.g., snow leopards also stayed longer at, and remained closer to, their kill sites than lynx. Shorter handling time suggests that felids may have utilized domestic prey less effectively than wild prey, i.e., they spent less time consuming their prey. This could a) result in an energetic or fitness cost related to decreased felid foraging efficiency caused by the risk of anthropogenic disturbance, or b) exacerbate conflict if reduced handling time associated with easy prey results in increased livestock depredation. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1737 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||