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	Author	McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O.
	Title	Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Autumn	Issue	53	Pages	15-19
	Keywords	snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling
	Abstract	Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1151
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	Author	Ale, S.B., Boesi, R.
	Title	Snow Leopard Sightings on the Top of the World			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	43	Pages	19-20
	Keywords	Mt.Everest, Sagarmatha National Park, sightings, snow leopard, Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Sightings of snow leopards Uncia uncia in the wild are rare. This is because snow leopards occur in low numbers and are very elusive (Schaller 1977). Snow leopards may be sparsely distributed,but they may not, however, be very elusive in the world's highest park, Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (86° 30' 53“ E to 86° 99' 08” E and 27° 46' 19“ N to 27° 06' 45” N) in Nepal.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1111
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	Author	Ale, S., Thapa, K., Jackson, R., Smith, J.L.D.
	Title	The fate of snow leopards in and around Mt. Everest			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	53	Issue	Autumn	Pages	19-21
	Keywords	Mt. Everest, Everest, Rolwaling, snow leopard, re-colonize, Nepal
	Abstract	Since the early 2000s snow leopards Panthera uncia have re-colonized the southern slopes of Mt. Everest after several decades of extirpation. Are they now beginning to disperse to the adjoining valleys that may serve as habitat corridors linking the Everest region to other protected areas in Nepal? We conducted a cursory survey in autumn 2009 in Rolwaling lying west of Mt. Everest and detected snow leopard presence. We conclude that in these remote valleys snow leopards must rely upon livestock given the low abundance of natural prey, Himalayan tahr. Livestock-rearing is unfortunately declining in the region. Rolwaling requires immediate conservation attention for the continued survival of the endangered snow leopard and other high altitude flora and fauna.
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1181
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	Author	Mallon, D.
	Title	An early record of snow leopard in Myanmar			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	39	Issue	Autumn	Pages	24
	Keywords	snow leopard, Myanmar
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1253
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	Author	Williams, N.
	Title	2008 International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards: Saving the Species Across its Range			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	48	Issue		Pages	33-34
	Keywords	Panthera, conference,Beijing, China, 2008, planning, Wildlife Conservation Society, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Network, Chinese Institute of Zoology
	Abstract	Over 100 snow leopard experts, enthusiasts, and government officials gathered in the outskirts of Beijing, China from March 7–11, 2008 for the firstever International Conference on Range-wide Conservation Planning for Snow Leopards. Conference organizers included Panthera, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Snow Leopard Trust (SLT), Snow Leopard Network (SLN), and the Chinese Institute of Zoology.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1344
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	Author	Thapa, K., Pradhan, N, M, B., Barker, J., Dhakal, M., Bhandari, A, R., Gurung, G, S., Rai, D, P., Thapa, G, J., Shrestha, S., Singh, G, R.
	Title	High elevation record of a leopard cat in the Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Cat News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	No 58	Pages	26-27
	Keywords	leopard cat, camera trapping survey, Nepal
	Abstract	During a camera trapping survey in Khambachen valley of Kangchenjunga Conservation Area KCA from 24 April to 26 May 2012 we camera trapped one leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis at an altitude of 4,474 meter. This is probably the highest altitudinal record for the species in its range. Additionally, one melanistic leopard Panthera pardus was captured at an altitude of 4,300 m, which is probably as well the highest documented record in the country. Yet at this stage, no obvious reason can explain these unusual high records for both species, thus more surveys are recommended for this region.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1394
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	Author	Bagchi, S., Mishra, C., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T.
	Title	Out of Steppe? Pastoralism and ibex conservation in Spiti.			Type	Report
	Year	2002	Publication	CERC Technical Report No. 7	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	steppe, snow leopard, pastoral, conservation, ibex, Spiti, India
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author	Nature Conservation Foundation, India; Wildlife Institute of India, International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1274
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	Author	Ming, M.; Munkhtsog, B.; Xu, F.; Turghan, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Wei, S.-D.
	Title	Markings as Indicator of Snow Leopard in Field Survey, in Xinjiang			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2005	Publication	Chinese Journal of Zoology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	34-39
	Keywords	markings; marking; snow leopard; leopard; field survey; Xinjiang; Chinese; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; China; Tianshan Mountains; conservation; field work; length; snow leopards; snow-leopards; density; densities; pug; pug marks; marks; scrapes; scrape; feces; scent; spray; Hair; fur; prey; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; distribution; region; relative abundance; abundance; study; areas; knowledge; potential; conservation problems; Human; attitudes; attitude; 200
	Abstract	The Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) was a very rare species in China. The survey on the markings of Snow Leopard in Ahay and Tianshan Mountains is the major activity of the Project of Snow Leopard in Xinjiang, supported by International Snow Leopard Trust(ISLT)and Xinjiang Conservation Fund(XCF). During the field work from Sep to Nov 2004 the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group(XSLG) set 67 transects of a total length of 47 776 m with mean transect length is 7 1 3 m at 9 locations.Total of 1 l 8 markings of Snow Leopards were found in 27 transects the mean density is 247km. The markings of Snow Leopard included the pug marks or footprints, scrapes, feces, bloodstain, scent spray, urine, hair or fur, claw rake, remains of prey corpse, sleep site, roar and others. From the quantity and locations of marks the XSLG got the information on habitat selection distribution region and relative abundance of the Snow Leopard in the study areas. The survey also provided knowledge on distribution and abundance of major prey potential conservation problems and human attitudes to Snow Leopards by taking 200 questionnaires in the study areas.
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	Notes	Full text available in Chinese			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 875			Serial	681
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	Author	Mishra, C.; Allen, P.; McCarthy, T.; Madhusudan, M.D.; Agvaantserengiin, B.; Prins H.
	Title	The role of incentive programs in conserving the snow leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2003	Publication	Conservation Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	17	Issue		Pages	1512-1520
	Keywords	Central Asia; community; conservation; herder; incentive program; India; livestock; Mongolia; pastoralists; poaching; retaliatory killing; snow leopard; Uncia uncia
	Abstract	Pastoralists and their livestock share much of the habitat of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) across south and central Asia. The levels of livestock predation by the snow leopard and other carnivores are high, and retaliatory killing by the herders is a direct threat to carnivore populations. Depletion of wild prey by poaching and competition from livestock also poses an indirect threat to the region's carnivores. Conservationists working in these underdeveloped areas that face serious economic damage from livestock losses have turned to incentive programs to motivate local communities to protect carnivores. We describe a pilot incentive program in India that aims to offset losses due to livestock predation and to enhance wild prey density by creating livestock-free areas on common land. We also describe how income generation from handicrafts in Mongolia is helping curtail poaching and retaliatory killing of snow leopards. However, initiatives to offset the costs of living with carnivores and to make conservation beneficial to affected people have thus far been small, isolated, and heavily subsidized. Making these initiatives more comprehensive, expanding their coverage, and internalizing their costs are future challenged for the conservation of large carnivores such as the snow leopard.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 904			Serial	693
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	Author	Sharma, S., Thapa, K., Chalise, M., Dutta, T., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T.
	Title	The snow leopard in Himalaya: A step towards their conservation by studying their distribution, marking habitat selection, coexistence with other predators, and wild prey-livestock-predator interaction			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Conservation Biology in Asia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	184-196
	Keywords	Himalaya, Nepal, ecology, snow leopard, Uncia uncia, prey, livestock, predator
	Abstract	Snow leopard (Uncia uncial) is a flagship species of the Himalaya. Very few studies have been done on the ecology of this species in the Himalaya. This paper presents an overview of four studies conducted on snow leopards in Nepal and India, dealing with various aspects of snow leopard ecology including their status assessment, making behaviour, habitat selection, food habits, and impact on livestock. The information generated by these studies is useful in planning effective conservation and management strategies for this endangered top predator of high mountains.
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	Notes	Paper 12; From: Pages 184-196 of Conservation Biology in Asia (2006) McNeely, J.A., T. M. McCarthy, A. Smith, L.Olsvig-Whittaker, and E.D. Wikramanayake (editors). Published by the Society for Conservation Biology Asia Section and Resources Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal, 455 pp.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1130
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	Author	Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J.
	Title	Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Conservation Genetic Resource	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	2	Pages	369:373
	Keywords	Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification
	Abstract	Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species. endangered species
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1427
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	Author	Janecka, J. E., Jackson, R., Munkhtsog, B., Murphy, W. J.
	Title	Characterization of 9 microsatellites and primers in snow leopards and a species-specific PCR assay for identifying noninvasive samples			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Conservation Genetic Resource	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	2	Pages	369:373
	Keywords	Microsatellites,Cytochrome b, Snow Leopard, Noninvasive genetics, Individual identification
	Abstract	Molecular markers that can effectively identify noninvasively collected samples and provide genetic information are critical for understanding the distribution, status, and ecology of snow leopards (Panthera uncia). However, the low DNA quantity and quality in many noninvasive samples such as scats makes PCR amplification and genotyping challenging. We therefore designed primers for 9 microsatellites loci previously isolated in the domestic cat (Felis catus) specifically for snow leopard studies using noninvasive samples. The loci showed moderate levels of variation in two Mongolian snow leopard populations. Combined with seven other loci that we previously described, they have sufficient variation (He = 0.504, An = 3.6) for individual identification and population structure analysis. We designed a species species specific PCR assay using cytochrome b for identification of unknown snow leopard samples. These molecular markers facilitate in depth studies to assess distribution, abundance, population structure, and landscape connectivity of this endangered species.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1428
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	Author	Korablev, M. P., Poyarkov, A. D., Karnaukhov, A. S., Zvychaynaya, E. Y., Kuksin, A. N., Malykh, S. V., Istomov, S. V., Spitsyn, S. V., Aleksandrov, D. Y., Hernandez-Blanco, J. A., Munkhtsog, B., Munkhtogtokh, O., Putintsev, N. I., Vereshchagin, A. S., Becmurody, A., Afzunov, S., Rozhnov, V. V.
	Title	Large-scale and fine-grain population structure and genetic diversity of snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) from the northern and western parts of the range with an emphasis on the Russian population.			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Conservation Genetics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Snow leopard, Panthera uncia, Microsatellites, Heterozygosity, Population structure, Noninvasive survey, Scat, Subspecies
	Abstract	The snow leopard (Panthera uncia Schreber, 1776) population in Russia and Mongolia is situated at the northern edge of the range, where instability of ecological conditions and of prey availability may serve as prerequisites for demographic instability and, consequently, for reducing the genetic diversity. Moreover, this northern area of the species distribution is connected with the western and central parts by only a few small fragments of potential habitats in the Tian-Shan spurs in China and Kazakhstan. Given this structure of the range, the restriction of gene flow between the northern and other regions of snow leopard distribution can be expected. Under these conditions, data on population genetics would be extremely important for assessment of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow both at regional and large-scale level. To investigate large-scale and fine-grain population structure and levels of genetic diversity we analyzed 108 snow leopards identified from noninvasively collected scat samples from Russia and Mongolia (the northern part of the range) as well as from Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (the western part of the range) using panel of eight polymorphic microsatellites. We found low to moderate levels of genetic diversity in the studied populations. Among local habitats, the highest heterozygosity and allelic richness were recorded in Kyrgyzstan (He = 0.66 ± 0.03, Ho = 0.70 ± 0.04, Ar = 3.17) whereas the lowest diversity was found in a periphery subpopulation in Buryatia Republic of Russia (He = 0.41 ± 0.12, Ho = 0.29 ± 0.05, Ar = 2.33). In general, snow leopards from the western range exhibit greater genetic diversity (He = 0.68 ± 0.04, Ho = 0.66 ± 0.03, Ar = 4.95) compared to those from the northern range (He = 0.60 ± 0.06, Ho = 0.49 ± 0.02, Ar = 4.45). In addition, we have identified signs of fragmentation in the northern habitat, which have led to significant genetic divergence between subpopulations in Russia. Multiple analyses of genetic structure support considerable genetic differentiation between the northern and western range parts, which may testify to subspecies subdivision of snow leopards from these regions. The observed patterns of genetic structure are evidence for delineation of several management units within the studied populations, requiring individual approaches for conservation initiatives, particularly related to translocation events. The causes for the revealed patterns of genetic structure and levels of genetic diversity are discussed.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1633
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	Author	Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Lee, A. T. L., Liu, Y., Luo, Y., Orrick, K., Alexander, J. S., Sangpo, J. T., Clark, S. G.
	Title	Contextualizing sociodemographic differences in Tibetan attitudes toward large carnivores			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Conservation Science and Practice	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	e13049	Pages	1-15
	Keywords	ABC model, brown bear, gray wolf, snow leopard, Tibet
	Abstract	Fostering human–wildlife coexistence necessitates a thorough and nuanced grasp of local attitudes toward wildlife. Attitudes can vary substantially based on the sociodemographic backgrounds of individuals within a society. This study examines Tibetan attitudes toward large carnivores, emphasizing the importance of contextualization in discerning the effects of sociodemographic factors on attitudes. We began by analyzing existing research on Tibetan attitudes toward wildlife in China, identifying previously studied sociodemo- graphic variables. We then executed an online survey to evaluate the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and overall attitudes of ethnic Tibetans in China toward snow leopards (Panthera uncia), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and brown bears (Ursus arctos). Our findings show that while factors such as gender, age, religious identity, and level of education shape these attitudes, their influence differs depending on the specific attitude component and the target animal under examination. Therefore, making broad generalizations about sociodemographic differences in attitudes can be misleading. It is imperative for attitude research to clearly define the attitude component (what type of attitude), object (attitude toward what), and circumstance (attitude in which situation) being studied. Conducting ethnographic fieldwork in collaboration with local cultural experts can deepen our understanding of local perspectives and the ways sociodemographic factors influence attitudes. Such insights are pivotal for developing conservation strategies attuned to local sociocultural contexts.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1736
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	Author	Arias, M., Coals, P., Ardiantiono, Elves-Powell, J., Rizzolo, J. B., Ghoddousi, A., Boron, V., da Silva, M., Naude, V., Williams, V., Poudel, S., Loveridge, A., Payan, E., Suryawanshi, K., Dickman, A.
	Title	Reflecting on the role of human-felid conflict and local use in big cat trade			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Conservation Science and Practice	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	e13030	Pages	1-7
	Keywords	conflict, illegal trade, jaguar, leopard, lion, Panthera, snow leopard, tiger, wildlife crime
	Abstract	Illegal trade in big cat (Panthera spp.) body parts is a prominent topic in scientific and public discourses concerning wildlife conservation. While illegal trade is generally acknowledged as a threat to big cat species, we suggest that two enabling factors have, to date, been under-considered. To that end, we discuss the roles of human-felid conflict, and “local” use in illegal trade in big cat body parts. Drawing examples from across species and regions, we look at generalities, contextual subtleties, ambiguities, and definitional complexities. We caution against underestimating the extent of “local” use of big cats and highlight the potential of conflict killings to supply body parts.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1745
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	Author	Polking, V.F.
	Title	Schneelleopard			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Das Tier	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	8-15
	Keywords	german; McCarthy; Mongolia; snow leopard
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	Notes	Document Type: German; color magazine			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 297			Serial	783
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	Author	Subbotin, A.E.; Istomov, S.V.
	Title	The population status of snow leopards Uncia uncia (Felidae, Carnivora) in the western Sayan Mountain Ridge			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Doklady Biologicl Sciences	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	425	Issue		Pages	183-186
	Keywords	population; status; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; Felidae; Carnivora; Sayan; mountain; Russian; Test; species; cat; Russia; area; range; Data; study; activity; activities; behavior; habitats; habitat; humans; Human; number; description; Animal; structure
	Abstract	The snow leopard (Uncia uncial Schreber, 1776) is the most poorly studied species of the cat family in the world and, in particular, in Russia, where the northern periphery of the species area (no more than 3% of it) is located in the Altai-Hangai-Sayan range [1]. It is generally known that the existing data on the Russian part of the snow leopard population have never been a result of targeted studies; at best, they have been based on recording the traces of the snow leopard vital activity [2]. This is explained by the snow leopard's elusive behavior, inaccessibility of its habitats for humans, and its naturally small total numbers in the entire species area. All published data on the population status of the snow leopard in Russia, from the first descriptions of the species [3-6] to the latest studies [7, 8] are subjective, often speculative, and are not confirmed by quantitative estimates. It is obvious, however, that every accurate observation of this animal is of particular interest [9]. The purpose of our study was to determine the structure and size of the population group presumably inhabiting the Western Sayan mountain ridge at the northern boundary of the species area
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	ISSN	0012-4966	ISBN		Medium
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	Notes	Original Russian test published in Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 425, No.6, pp.846-849.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1005			Serial	941
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	Author	Schneider, V.K.M.
	Title	Einige bilder zur Aufzucht eines schneeleoparden			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1936	Publication	Dresden Zoological Garden	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	37-39
	Keywords	snow leopard, captivity, Leipzig Zoo, Germany
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1252
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	Author	Krumbiegel, V.I.
	Title	Die schneeleoparden (Felis uncia Schreb.) des Dresdner Zoologischen Gartens			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1936	Publication	Dresdner Zoologischen Gartens	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	34-37
	Keywords	snow leopard, captivity, Dresden Zoo, Germany
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	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	Dresden			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1251
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	Author	Smith, G.
	Title	Mongolia at the crossroads			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Earth Island Journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue	4	Pages	1
	Keywords	Mongolia; hunting; poaching; economy; snow-leopard; ibex; Argal; protection; conservation; snow leopard; browse; 1170
	Abstract	Abstract: Assesses foreign investment laws adopted by the government of Mongolia which have been deemed extremely flexible and favorable for Americans. Economic benefits presented by the big game hunt industry; Consultation with Secretary of State James Baker in the formulation of said laws during his July The Mongolian government is trying its best to make the country attractive to foreign investors. Big game hunts are still Mongolia's primary source of foreign cash. European and American hunters are willing to pay as much as $90,000 for rare game such as the ibex or the snow leopard. However, a recent US Fish and Wildlife Service ruling giving protection to the Argal, a wild sheep, could mean the cutting of cash inflows from foreign hunters.
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 189			Serial	903
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	Author	Blomqvist, L.; Dexel, B.
	Title	In Focus: Declining numbers of wild snow leopards			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2006	Publication	EAZA Zoo News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	26-27
	Keywords	asia; Cites; conflict; habitat loss; herder; laws; poaching; protection; snow leopard; threat; trade; Uncia uncia
	Abstract	International collaboration to ensure the long-term survival of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in the wild is today more acutely needed than ever! Trade in live snow leopards, their skins and bones, has during the last decade reached such extensiveness that the species is in danger of being wiped out from many of its former habitats. All recent surveys support declining populations throughout most of their range.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 887			Serial	172
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	Author	Bohnett, E., Holmberg, J., Faryabi, S. P., An, L., Ahmad, B., Rashid, W., Ostrowski, S.
	Title	Comparison of two individual identification algorithms for snow leopards (Panthera uncia) after automated detection			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Ecological Informatics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	77	Issue	102214	Pages	1-14
	Keywords	Background subtraction, Deep learning, Hotspotter, Individual identification, PIE v2, Snow leopards
	Abstract	Photo-identification of individual snow leopards (Panthera uncia) is the primary data source for density estimation via capture-recapture statistical methods. To identify individual snow leopards in camera trap imagery, it is necessary to match individuals from a large number of images from multiple cameras and historical catalogues, which is both time-consuming and costly. The camouflaged snow leopards also make it difficult for machine learning to classify photos, as they blend in so well with the surrounding mountain environment, rendering applicable software solutions unavailable for the species. To potentially make snow leopard individual identification available via an artificial intelligence (AI) software interface, we first trained and evaluated image classification techniques for a convolutional neural network, pose invariant embeddings (PIE) (a triplet loss network), and compared the accuracy of PIE to that of the HotSpotter algorithm (a SIFT-based algorithm). Data were acquired from a curated library of free-ranging snow leopards taken in Afghanistan between 2012 and 2019 and from captive animals in zoos in Finland, Sweden, Germany, and the United States. We discovered several flaws in the initial PIE model, such as a small amount of background matching, that was addressed, albeit likely not fixed, using background subtraction (BGS) and left-right mirroring (LR) techniques which demonstrated reasonable accuracy (Rank 1: 74% Rank-5: 92%) comparable to the Hotspotter results (Rank 1: 74% Rank 2: 84%)The PIE BGS LR model, in conjunction with Hotspotter, yielded the following results: Rank-1: 85%, Rank-5: 95%, Rank-20: 99%. In general, our findings indicate that PIE BGS LR, in conjunction with HotSpotter, can classify snow leopards more accurately than using either algorithm alone.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1723
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	Author	Sharma, K., Fiechter, M., George, T., Young, J., Alexander, J. S., Bijoor, Suryawanshi, K., Mishra, C.
	Title	Conservation and people: Towards an ethical code of conduct for the use of camera traps in wildlife research			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ecological Solutions and Evidence	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-6
	Keywords	camera trap, code of conduct, ethics, human rights, law, PARTNERS principles for community- based conservation, privacy, snow leopard
	Abstract	1. Camera trapping is a widely employed tool in wildlife research, used to estimate animal abundances, understand animal movement, assess species richness and under- stand animal behaviour. In addition to images of wild animals, research cameras often record human images, inadvertently capturing behaviours ranging from innocuous actions to potentially serious crimes. 2. With the increasing use of camera traps, there is an urgent need to reflect on how researchers should deal with human images caught on cameras. On the one hand, it is important to respect the privacy of individuals caught on cameras, while, on the other hand, there is a larger public duty to report illegal activity. This creates ethical dilemmas for researchers. 3. Here, based on our camera-trap research on snow leopards Panthera uncia, we outline a general code of conduct to help improve the practice of camera trap based research and help researchers better navigate the ethical-legal tightrope of this important research tool.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1626
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	Author	Salvatori, M., Oberosler, V., Augugliaro, C., Krofel, M., Rovero, F.
	Title	Effects of free-ranging livestock on occurrence and interspecific interactions of a mammalian community			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Ecological-Applications.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	e2644	Pages	1-13
	Keywords	activity pattern, community occupancy, grassland, interspecific interactions, livestock encroachment, snow leopard
	Abstract	Mammalian communities inhabiting temperate grasslands are of conservation concern globally, especially in Central Asia, where livestock numbers have dramatically increased in recent decades, leading to overgrazing and land-use change. Yet, how this pervasive presence of livestock herds affects the community of wild mammals remains largely unstudied. We used systematic camera trapping at 216 sites across remote, mountainous areas of the Mongolian Altai Mountains to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence and the interspecific relationships within a mammalian community that includes different categories of livestock. By adopting a recently proposed multispecies occupancy model that incorporates interspecific correlation in occupancy, we found several statistically strong correlations in occupancy among species pairs, with the majority involving livestock. The sign of such associations was markedly species-dependent, with larger wild species of conservation concern, namely, snow leopard and Siberian ibex, avoiding livestock presence. As predicted, we found evidence of a positive correlation in occupancy between predators and their respective main prey. Contrary to our expectations, a number of intraguild species pairs also showed positive co-occurrence, with no evidence of spatiotemporal niche partitioning. Overall, our study suggests that livestock encroaching into protected areas influences the whole local community of wild mammals. Though pastoralism has coexisted with wildlife for millennia in central Asian grasslands, our findings suggest that policies and practices to decrease the pressure of livestock husbandry on wildlife are needed, with special attention on large species, such as the snow leopard and its wild prey, which seem to be particularly sensitive to this pervasive livestock presence.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1690
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	Author	Klubnikin, K.; Annett, C.; Cherkasova, M.; Shishin, M.; Fotieva, I.
	Title	The sacred and the scientific: Traditional ecological knowledge in Siberian River conservation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Ecological-Applications.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue	5	Pages	1296-1306
	Keywords	endangered-species; Human; Hominidae; Altaians; plant; Plantae; snow-leopard; Felidae; endemism; hydroelectric-dam; land-management; perestroika; species-diversity; traditional-ecological-knowledge; water-resource-management; snow leopard; browse; hydroelectric; dam; endangered; species; land; management; diversity; species diversity; traditional; ecological.; knowledge; water; resource; 30
	Abstract	The Katun River originates in the steppe of the Altai Mountains in Siberia. One of the major headwaters of the Ob River, the Katun is considered central to the culture of the indigenous Altaians. The Katun Valley contains large numbers of important cultural sites, dating from the Neolithic and representing some of the earliest human settlement in Russia. Modern-day Altaians still observe traditional ceremonies honoring the river and springs throughout the watershed and utilize traditional ecological knowledge in their management of the land and water resources. Russian and international scientists have identified the Altai Mountains as a region of high plant diversity and endemism, and as important habitat for endangered species such as the snow leopard. The Katun River itself contains species of threatened and endangered fishes, and its headwaters are part of the unusual Mongolian ichthyofaunal province that is characterized by high levels of endemism. The same regions are considered by the Altaian people to be special or sacred and are recognized by Western scientists as having great value for conservation. During the era of perestroika, a hydroelectric dam was to be built on the Katun. The large dam, a vestige of the earlier Soviet plan for the Project of the Century, would have devastated significant agricultural, ecological, recreational, and cultural resources. The indigenous Altaian people would have lost much of their sacred and cultural landscape. The Katun dam project united indigenous people, well-known Siberian writers, and scientists in protest, which became so heated that it engaged the international community, with lasting effects on Russian society. The magnitude of the protest illustrates the importance of the Altai Mountain region to all of Russia. The active participation of indigenous Altaians reflected their traditional willingness to take action against political decisions that negatively impacted the environmental, cultural, and religious values of their homeland. Their involvement also reflected the new wave of awareness under perestroika that underscored a greater respect and autonomy for indigenous peoples in Russia.
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	Notes	Document Type: English Call Number: QH540 .E273			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 390			Serial	537
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