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Author Flerov K.K.
Title Capra sibirica, Uncia uncia uncia Erxleben Type Miscellaneous
Year 1935 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 115-120
Keywords Tajikistan; wild ibex; snow leopard; taxonomy; distribution; behavior.; 6690; Russian
Abstract It describes identification signs of ibex and snow leopard; provides data concerning taxonomy, distribution and behavioral patterns of the both species. Snow leopard inhibits the mountains of Central Asia, Tarbagatai, Altai, Sayans and southward to the Humalayas. In Tajikistan snow leopard is distributed in Pamir, and probably, along alpine strip of the ridges in northern Tajikistan. The sub-species status is not defined. It is known that the same type inhabits the area from the Sayans to Himalayas. Only in Tibet and highlands of Sychuan and Gansu lives a well-marked sub-species Uncia uncia uncioides Hodgson.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Animals of Tajikistan, their life and importance for man. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 647 Serial 278
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Author Kashkarov, E.
Title THE SNOW LEOPARD OF KIRGIZIA: NATIONAL SHAME OR NATIONAL PRIDE Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 239-253
Keywords snow leopard, irbis, ibex, mountain sheep, conservation, range, reserve, monitoring, cameratrap, Sarychat, Kirgizia, Central Asia.
Abstract Article examines the problems existing in conservation of the snow leopard in Kirgizia after break-up of the

USSR. Unfortunate situation is common to most of the 14 countries in the snow leopard range, but seems

especially sharp to Kirgizia. Yet half of the century ago Kirgizia has had about 1.5 thousand of the snow

leopards, and today there remains no more than 1/10. In Soviet time Kirgizia was a global supplier of the

snow leopards for the zoo-export � to create a reserve number of endangered cats in captivity. Today, at

least half of the snow leopards in the Zoos of the world are individuals, caught in Kirgizia or their

descendants.

Since independence, Kirgizia has set new records. In Sarychat-Irtash reserve � the best for the snow

leopard in Central Asia, and probably in the whole range � this species was completely destroyed after 3

years of reserve opening... and 17 years later � revived... Situation comes presently back to the worst-case

scenario, and not only for the snow leopard. Author shows how work in this direction social and economic

levers, and what kind future he would like to see in Kirgizia, where he lived for 12 years and was at the

forefront of pioneering research of the snow leopard and its conservation.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1454
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Author Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S.
Title Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 66-74
Keywords India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 307 Serial 308
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Author Fuller, S.; Ahmed, J.
Title Opportunities for Transfrontier Protected Areas in Northern Pakistan Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 204-215
Keywords Pakistan; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; hunting; Hindu-kush; Khunjerab; ibex; livestock; predator; prey; herders; herder; Wwf; protected-area; browse; world wildlife fund; protected; area; areas; 3050
Abstract
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ashiq
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text Available at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 396 Serial 328
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Author Golub O.N.
Title The Ramit nature reserve and its problems Type Miscellaneous
Year 1981 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 60-61
Keywords Tajikistan; Ramit nature reserve; Animals; snow leopard; ibex; number; threats.; 6770; Russian
Abstract The following Red Data Book species inhabit the Ramit nature reserve: snow leopard, bear, lynx, otter, Bukhara deer, etc. Its population is indicated to be closely related to number of ibex (150 animals). The latter is subject to heavy anthropogenic pressure when migrating outside the nature reserve in winter.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The status and perspectives of wildlife protection in the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 655 Serial 337
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Author Golub O.N.
Title Perspective protection of rare mammal species in the nature reserves of Tajikistan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1983 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 9-10
Keywords Tajikistan; snow leopard; ibex; protection.; 6780; Russian
Abstract In winter, some seven to 14 snow leopards come into the nature reserve “Ramit” when chasing ibex within their winter habitats. The nature reserve is yet the only remaining place for ibexes to winter in eastern part of the Gissar ridge. Some 150 200 ibexes winter in the nature reserve. The nature reserve should be extended towards highlands in order to protect snow leopards.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of III All-Union conference. Rare mammal species and their protection. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 656 Serial 338
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Author Harris, R.B.
Title Dealing with uncertainty in counts of mountain ungulates Type Conference Article
Year 1994 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 105-111
Keywords ungulates; blue-sheep; argali; tahr; ibex; prey; predator; status; population; asia; blue; sheep; browse; 3260
Abstract
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; Jizeng, D.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 224 Serial 372
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Author Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L.
Title Snow Leopard Conservation: Accomplishments and Research Priorities Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 128-144
Keywords Slims; Islt; zoos; zoo; captivity; genetics; home-range; predator; prey; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Mongolia; China; India; Nepal; Khunjerab; surveys; survey; transect; habitat; scrap; marking; spray; Myanmar; Burma; blue-sheep; ibex; conservation; ecology; management; livestock; herders; Dna; Icimod; Himalaya; protected-area; scrape; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2900
Abstract
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 399 Serial 458
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Author Jafri, R.H.; Shah, F.
Title The role of education and research in the conservation of snow leopard and its habitat in Northern Pakistan Type Conference Article
Year 1994 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 273-277
Keywords Pakistan; Khunjerab; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; education; ibex; Marco-Polo-sheep; hunting; predator; prey; diet; marmot; activity; Nepal; Chitral-Gol; war; land-use; climate; blue-sheep; home-range; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; Marco-Polo; protected; area; areas; land use; land; 3120
Abstract
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 233 Serial 482
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Author Janyspaev A.D.
Title The area and numbers of Snow Leopard in the central part of Zailiysky Alatau Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume N 1-4. Issue Pages 208-212
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; ibex; roe deer; poachers; number increasing.; 7000; Russian
Abstract This article summarizes the information about snow leopard and it's preys in Almaty nature reserve and neighboring areas since 1979 year. Some increasing of irbis number is recognized last 20 years.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 678 Serial 490
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Author Ming, M.; Chundawat R.S.; Jumabay, K.; Wu, Y.; Aizeizi, Q.; Zhu, M.H.
Title Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Mountains Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication (up) Acta Theriologica Sinica Abbreviated Journal
Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 788-793
Keywords behavior; camera trapping; capture; China; Chinese; density; feces; fox; ibex; infrared trapping cameras; livestock; photo; population; research; reserve; sign; snow leopard; survey; Tianshan Mountains; Tomur; transect; Uncia uncia; Xinjiang
Abstract The main purpose of this work was to study the use of infrared trapping cameras to estimate snow leopard Uncia uncia population size in a specific study area. This is the first time a study of this nature has taken place in China. During 71 days of field work, a total of 36 cameras were set up in five different small vales of the Muzat Valley adjacent to the Tomur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province, E80ø35' – 81ø00' and N42ø00' – 42ø10', elevation 2'300 – 3'000 m, from 18th October to 27th December 2005. We expended approximately 2094 trap days and nights total (c. 50'256 hours). At least 32 pictures of snow leopards, 22 pictures of other wild species (e.g. chukor, wild pig, ibex, red fox, cape hare) and 72 pictures of livestock were taken by the passive Cam Trakker (CT) train monitor in about 16 points of the Muzat Valley. The movement distance of snow leopard was 3-10 km/day. And the capture rate or photographic rate of snow leopard was 1.53%. Meanwhile, 20 transects were run and 31 feces sample were collected. According to 32 photos, photographic rate and sign survey after snowing on the spot, were about 5-8 individuals of snow leopards in the research area, and the minimum density of snow leopard in Muzat Valley was 2.0 – 3.2 individuals/100 km2. We observed the behavior of ibex for 77.3 hours, and found about 20 groups and a total of approximately 264 ibexes in the research area.
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Notes In Chinese Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 971 Serial 683
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Author Bagchi, S.; Mishra, C.; Bhatnagar, Y.
Title Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication (up) Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 7 Issue Pages 121-128
Keywords conflicts; traditional pastoralism; himalayan ibex; ibex; capra sibirica; trans-himalayan mountains; pin valley national park; spiti region; non-metric multidimensional scaling; snow leopard; wolf; wild dog; Lynx; wild ass; Tibetan argali; Tibetan antelope; Tibetan gazelle; urial; bharal; Pin River; pin valley; Parahio; goat; sheep; Cattle; horses; yaks; donkeys; diet; free-ranging horses; herded horses; grazing; 5290
Abstract There is recent evidence to suggest that domestic livestock deplete the density and diversity of wild herbivores in the cold deserts of the Trans-Himalaya by imposing resource limitations. To ascertain the degree and nature of threats faced by Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) from seven livestock species, we studied their resource use patterns over space, habitat and food dimensions in the pastures of Pin Valley National Park in the Spiti region of the Indian Himalaya. Species diet profiles were obtained by direct observations. We assessed the similarity in habitat use and diets of ibex and livestock using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling. We estimated the influence of the spatial distribution of livestock on habitat and diet choice of ibex by examining their co-occurrence patterns in cells overlaid on the pastures. The observed co-occurrence of ibex and livestock in cells was compared with null-models generated through Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that goats and sheep impose resource limitations on ibex and exclude them from certain pastures. In the remaining suitable habitat, ibex share forage with horses. Ibex remained relatively unaffected by other livestock such as yaks, donkeys and cattle. However, most livestock removed large amounts of forage from the pastures (nearly 250 kg of dry matter/day by certain species), thereby reducing forage availability for ibex. Pertinent conservation issues are discussed in the light of multiple-use of parks and current socio-economic transitions in the region, which call for integrating social and ecological feedback into management planning.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 514 Serial 106
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Author Mallon, D.P.
Title Status and Conservation of Large Mammals in Ladakh Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication (up) Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 101-119
Keywords Ladakh; India; snow-leopard; wolf; Canis-lupus; ibex; brown-bear; bear; Ursus-arctos; parks; reserves; hunting; herders; livestock; snow leopard; browse; canis; lupis; ursus; arctos; 800
Abstract The distribution and status of large mammals was surveyed in a 15 000 km2 study area in Ladakh, India. Snow leopard Panthera uncia, wolf Canis lupus, ibex Capra ibex and bharal Pseudois nayaur have an almost continuous distribution throughout; Ladakh urial Ovis vignei, Tibetan argali Ovis ammon, wild ass Equus kiang and brown bear Ursus arctos have a limited distribution. Snow leopard prefer lower altitudes and rocky, undisturbed areas. Ibex and bharal occupy similar rocky habitats but their ranges are mostly separate, with a small area of overlap. The Ladakh urial shows signs of recovery from an earlier decline. Natural resources are widely used for fuel, fodder and grazing, but favourable factors include a low human population, low level of hunting and the existence of some uninhabited and undisturbed areas. A comprehensive Protected Area Network has been proposed.
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Notes Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 175 Serial 647
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Author Fox, J.L.; Sinha, S.P.; Chundawat, R.S.; Das, P.K.
Title Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Northwest India Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication (up) Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 283-298
Keywords ibex; leopard; snow-leopard; blue-sheep; Asiatic-ibex; asia; Himalayas; India; Himalaya; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; panthera; uncia; Pseudois; nayaur; Capra-ibex; parks; reserves; conservation; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; pseudois nayaur; capra; Asiatic; 790
Abstract Evidence of snow leopard presence was most abundant in C Ladakh, decreased southward toward the crest of the Himalaya, and was least on the S side of the main Himalaya. Prey populations, primarily blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra ibex, were also more plentiful in the areas surveyed to the N of the main Himalaya. Perhaps 400 snow leopard occur throughout NW India. The stronghold of this species in India is apparently the trans- Himalayan ranges in Ladakh where new parks and reserves are being established, some in association with a snow leopard recovery programme of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and a 'Project Snow Leopard' of the central Indian government. Because of the generally low density of snow leopard, conservation measures must also be considered within the large areas of its range lying outside parks and reserves. -from Authors
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Notes Full text at URLDocument Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 174 Serial 297
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Author Schaller, G.B.
Title Status of large mammals in the Taxkorgan Reserve, Xinjiang, China Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication (up) Biological-Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 53-71
Keywords Marco-Polo; sheep; Ovis-ammon-poli; Asiatic; ibex; Capra-ibex; blue-sheep; Pseudois-nayaur; snow; leopard; Panthera-uncia; wolf; Canis-lupus; brown; bear; Ursus-arctos; marmot; survey; status; China; Taxkorgan; reserve; capra ibex; snow leopard; blue; browse; marco polo; ovis; ammon; poli; capra; pseudois nayaur; panthera; uncia; canis; lupus; ursus arctos; 880
Abstract A status survey of large mammals was conducted in the W half of 14 000 km“SUP 2” Taxkorgan Reserve. Only one viable population of fewer than 150 Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon poli survives; it appears to be augmented by adult males from Russia and Afghanistan during the winter rut. Asiatic ibex Capra ibex occur primarily in the western part of the reserve and blue sheep Pseudois nayaur – the most abundant wild ungulate – in the E and SE parts. The 2 species overlap in the area of contact. Counts revealed an average wild ungulate density of 0.34 animals km“SUP -2”. Snow leopard Panthera uncia were rare, with possibly 50-75 in the reserve, as were wolves Canis lupus and brown bear Ursus arctos. The principal spring food of snow leopard was blue sheep (60%) and marmot (29%). Local people have greatly decimated wildlife. Overgrazing by livestock and overuse of shrubs for fuelwood is turning this arid steppe habitat into desert. -from Authors
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Notes Full Text Available at URLDocument Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 100 Serial 866
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Author Bagchi, S., Mishra, C., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T.
Title Out of Steppe? Pastoralism and ibex conservation in Spiti. Type Report
Year 2002 Publication (up) CERC Technical Report No. 7 Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords steppe, snow leopard, pastoral, conservation, ibex, Spiti, India
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Corporate Author Nature Conservation Foundation, India; Wildlife Institute of India, International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle Thesis
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1274
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Author Smith, G.
Title Mongolia at the crossroads Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (up) Earth Island Journal Abbreviated Journal
Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 1
Keywords Mongolia; hunting; poaching; economy; snow-leopard; ibex; Argal; protection; conservation; snow leopard; browse; 1170
Abstract Abstract: Assesses foreign investment laws adopted by the government of Mongolia which have been deemed extremely flexible and favorable for Americans. Economic benefits presented by the big game hunt industry; Consultation with Secretary of State James Baker in the formulation of said laws during his July The Mongolian government is trying its best to make the country attractive to foreign investors. Big game hunts are still Mongolia's primary source of foreign cash. European and American hunters are willing to pay as much as $90,000 for rare game such as the ibex or the snow leopard. However, a recent US Fish and Wildlife Service ruling giving protection to the Argal, a wild sheep, could mean the cutting of cash inflows from foreign hunters.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 189 Serial 903
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Author Bocci, A., Lovari, S., Khan, M. Z., Mori, E.
Title Sympatric snow leopards and Tibetan wolves: coexistence of large carnivores with human-driven potential competition Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication (up) European Journal of Wildlife Research Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-9
Keywords Panthera uncia . Canis lupus filchneri . Competition . Large-carnivore coexistence . Siberian ibex
Abstract The snow leopard Panthera uncia coexists with the wolf Canis lupus throughout most of its distribution range.

We analysed the food habits of snow leopards and wolves in their sympatric range in the Karakoram mountains of Pakistan. A total of 131 genotyped scats (N = 74, snow leopard; N = 57, Tibetan wolf) were collected during the cold periods (i.e. winter and spring) of 2011 and 2012 in the Hushey valley. Large mammals, i.e. livestock and ibex, accounted for 84.8 and 83.1% of the diet (relative frequency) of the snow leopard and the wolf, respectively. Domestic prey was the staple of the diet of both snow leopards (66.6%) and wolves (75.1%). Ibex Capra ibex, the only wild ungulate in our study area, contributed 18.2 and 16.9%of relative frequencies in the

diets of the snow leopard and the wolf, respectively. In winter, the snowleopard heavily relied on domestic sheep (43.3%) for food, whereas the wolf preyed mainly on domestic goats (43.4%). Differently from other study areas, both snow leopards and wolves showed no apparent prey preference (Jacobs

index: snow leopard min. − 0.098, max. 0.102; Tibetan wolf min. − 0.120, max. 0.03). In human depauperate areas, with livestock and only a few wild prey, should competitive interactions arise, two main scenarios could be expected, with either predator as a winner. In both cases, the best solution

could primarily impinge on habitat restoration, so that a balance could be found between these predators, who have already coexisted for thousands of years.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1464
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Author Ahmad, S., Ali, H., Asif, M., Khan, T, Din, N., Rehman, E. U., Hameed, S., Din, J. U., Nawaz, M. A.
Title Spatial density pattern of Himalayan Ibex (Capra sibirica) in Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication (up) Global Ecology & Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 39 Issue e02288 Pages 1-12
Keywords Himalayan ibex, Population, Hindu Kush, Himalaya, Karakoram, Pakistan
Abstract Mountain ungulates perform a key role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems as they are the primary consumers of vegetation and prey for large predators. The mountain ranges of northern Pakistan are home to six species of mountain ungulates, and the Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica), hereafter ibex, is the most abundant among them. This study was conducted in three administrative regions of northern Pakistan, viz. Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), to generate a range-wide density pattern map of ibex. A double-observer survey was conducted in 25 study sites during 2018–2021 across the ibex distribution range, covering an area of about 35,307 km2, by walking transects totaling 1647 km. Within the ibex range where the survey was not conducted due to financial and logistical constraints, we obtained species population information from local wildlife departments’ most recent annual survey data. The aim was to generate a density map for the entire ibex range. Using the BBRe-capture package in program R, we estimated an ibex population of 7639 (95 % CI) with a mean density of 0.21/km2 in the surveyed area. Combining with the secondary data from un-surveyed areas, the total population estimate for the country came to 10,242 ibex. The largest population densities were observed in four valleys (Shimshal, Gulkin-Hussaini, Khyber, and Khunjerab) of the Karakoram-Pamir range, followed by the Hindu Kush range (Chitral Wildlife Division [WD]). The central and eastern parts of the Karakoram range had moderate to low densities, while the Himalayan range (e.g., Astore Valley) supported a small population. The mean herd size was 15 individuals (range: 5–41), and the average detection probability of observers A and B was 0.69 and 0.48, respectively. The average male and young ratios per 100 females were estimated to be 75 and 81, respectively. The range-wide density map developed during the study provided an evidence for the impact of trophy hunting programs and an objective tool for range-wide conservation planning of the species.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1699
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Author Koshkarev, E.P.
Title An Unusual Hunt Type Journal Article
Year 1988 Publication (up) Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 5 Issue Pages 9-12
Keywords Tien-Shan; tracking; feces; ibex; hunting; predator; prey; browse; behavior; 940
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Notes Full text available at URLTien Shan High Mountain Physical Geography Staion, Kirghizian Academy of Sciences (Pokrovka) USSRDocument Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 402 Serial 571
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Author Koshkarev, E.P.
Title Characteristics of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) movements in the Tien Shan Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication (up) International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards Abbreviated Journal
Volume 4 Issue Pages 15-21
Keywords Tien-Shan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; behavior; habitat; tracks; tracking; prey; predator; ibex; kills; browse; tien shan; soviet union; soviet; union; 2750
Abstract Reports on a 3 yr winter study of snow leopard movements and activity, based on following tracks in the snow in Tien Shan Mountains of USSR. Travel route preference is examined with regard to snow and terrain characteristics, and prey abundance. Snow leopard kills of ibex and hare are noted
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Notes Full text available at URL Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 403 Serial 570
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Author Suryawanshi, K.R., Bhatnagar, Y. V. B., Redpath, S., Mishra, C.
Title People, predators and perceptions: patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and wolves Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication (up) Journal of Applied Ecology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 50 Issue Pages 550-560
Keywords Canis lupus, Capra ibex, human–wildlife conflict, large carnivores, Panthera uncia, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya
Abstract 1. Livestock depredation by large carnivores is an important conservation and economic concern

and conservation management would benefit from a better understanding of spatial variation

and underlying causes of depredation events. Focusing on the endangered snow leopard

Panthera uncia and the wolf Canis lupus, we identify the ecological factors that predispose

areas within a landscape to livestock depredation. We also examine the potential mismatch

between reality and human perceptions of livestock depredation by these carnivores whose

survival is threatened due to persecution by pastoralists.

2. We assessed the distribution of the snow leopard, wolf and wild ungulate prey through field

surveys in the 4000 km2 Upper Spiti Landscape of trans-Himalayan India. We interviewed local

people in all 25 villages to assess the distribution of livestock and peoples’ perceptions of the risk

to livestock from these carnivores. We monitored village-level livestock mortality over a 2-year

period to assess the actual level of livestock depredation. We quantified several possibly influential

independent variables that together captured variation in topography, carnivore abundance

and abundance and other attributes of livestock. We identified the key variables influencing livestock

depredation using multiple logistic regressions and hierarchical partitioning.

3. Our results revealed notable differences in livestock selectivity and ecological correlates of

livestock depredation – both perceived and actual – by snow leopards and wolves. Stocking

density of large-bodied free-ranging livestock (yaks and horses) best explained people’s threat

perception of livestock depredation by snow leopards, while actual livestock depredation was

explained by the relative abundance of snow leopards and wild prey. In the case of wolves,

peoples’ perception was best explained by abundance of wolves, while actual depredation by

wolves was explained by habitat structure.

4. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that (i) human perceptions can be at odds

with actual patterns of livestock depredation, (ii) increases in wild prey populations will intensify

livestock depredation by snow leopards, and prey recovery programmes must be accompanied

by measures to protect livestock, (iii) compensation or insurance programmes should

target large-bodied livestock in snow leopard habitats and (iv) sustained awareness

programmes are much needed, especially for the wolf.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1396
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Author Fox, J.L., Sinha, S.P., Chundawat, R.S.
Title Activity patterns and habitat use of ibex in the Himalaya mountains of India Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication (up) Journal of Mammology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 73 Issue 3 Pages 527-534
Keywords Capra ibex, activity patterns, habitat use, Himalaya mountains, India
Abstract
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1168
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Author Tumursukh, L., Suryawanshi, K. R., Mishra, C., McCarthy, T. M., Boldgiv, B.
Title Status of the mountain ungulate prey of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Tost Local Protected Area, South Gobi, Mongolia Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication (up) Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-6
Keywords Argali, Central Asia, double-observer survey, ibex, Panthera uncia, snow leopard, ungulate prey
Abstract The availability of wild prey is a critical predictor of carnivore density. However, few conservation pro- grammes have focused on the estimation and monitoring of wild ungulate populations and their trends, especially in the remote mountains of Central Asia. We conducted double-observer surveys to estimate the populations of ibex Capra sibirica and argali Ovis ammon in the mountain- ous regions of Tost Local Protected Area, South Gobi prov- ince, Mongolia, which is being considered for designation as a Nature Reserve. We also conducted demographic surveys of the more abundant ibex to examine their sex-ratio and the survival of young during –. The estimated ibex population remained stable in  and  and the es- timated argali population increased from  in  to  in . The biomass of wild ungulates was c. % that of live- stock. Mortality in young ibex appeared to increase after weaning, at the age of  months. We estimated the popula- tion of wild ungulates was sufficient to support – adult snow leopards Panthera uncia. The adult snow leopard population in our study area during –, estimated independently using camera-trap-based mark–recapture methods, was –. Based on our results we identify the Tost Local Protected Area as an important habitat for the conservation of these ungulates and their predator, the Endangered snow leopard, and recommend elevation of its status to a Nature Reserve.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1425
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Author Ghoshal, A., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Pandav, B., Sharma, K., Mshra, C.
Title Assessing changes in distribution of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and its wild prey over 2 decades in the Indian Himalaya through interviewbased occupancy surveys Type Journal Article
Year 2017 Publication (up) Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-13
Keywords Asiatic ibex, blue sheep, carnivore, occupancy, snow leopard, survey, threat, ungulate
Abstract Understanding species distributions, patterns of

change and threats can form the basis for assessing the conservation

status of elusive species that are difficult to survey.

The snow leopard Panthera uncia is the top predator of the

Central and South Asian mountains. Knowledge of the distribution

and status of this elusive felid and its wild prey is

limited. Using recall-based key-informant interviews we estimated

site use by snow leopards and their primary wild

prey, blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra

sibirica, across two time periods (past: �; recent:

�) in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. We

also conducted a threat assessment for the recent period.

Probability of site use was similar across the two time periods

for snow leopards, blue sheep and ibex, whereas for wild

prey (blue sheep and ibex combined) overall there was an

% contraction. Although our surveys were conducted in

areas within the presumed distribution range of the snow

leopard, we found snow leopards were using only % of

the area (, km). Blue sheep and ibex had distinct distribution

ranges. Snow leopards and their wild prey were not

restricted to protected areas, which encompassed only %

of their distribution within the study area. Migratory livestock

grazing was pervasive across ibex distribution range

and was the most widespread and serious conservation

threat. Depredation by free-ranging dogs, and illegal hunting

and wildlife trade were the other severe threats. Our

results underscore the importance of community-based, landscape-

scale conservation approaches and caution against reliance

on geophysical and opinion-based distribution maps that have been used to estimate national and global snow leopard ranges.
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1463
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