| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Ale, S.; Brown, J. |
|
| |
Title |
The contingencies of group size and vigilance |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| |
Year |
2007 |
Publication  |
Evolutionary Ecology Research, |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
1263-1276 |
|
| |
Keywords |
attraction effect,contingency,dilution effect,fitness,group-size effect,many-eyes effect,predation risk,vigilance behaviour; predation; decline; potential; predators; predator; feeding; Animals; Animal; use; food; effects; Relationship; behaviour; methods; game; Interactions; interaction; factor; value; Energy |
|
| |
Abstract |
Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.
Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.
Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?
Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.
Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 886 |
Serial |
53 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Kleinman, M.S.; Garman, R.H. |
|
| |
Title |
An endoscopic approach to a snow leopard |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Gastroenterology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
74 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1348 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animal; Bezoars; veterinary; Carnivora; Cats; Esophagoscopy; Male; browse; 370 |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0016-5085 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 47 |
Serial |
536 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
|
| |
Title |
Three decades of Snow Leopards Panthera uncia in Captivity |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Int.Zoo Yearbook |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
178-185 |
|
| |
Keywords |
zoo; population; status; genetics; captive-animal-care; propogation; captivity; fertility; recruitment; mortality; browse; captive; Animal; care; 1360 |
|
| |
Abstract |
The author reports the status of the captive population of snow leopards over the last three decades. Genetic and demographic information is also provided. The captive population as of 1992 was 541 leopards. klf. I |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Document Type: English |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 256 |
Serial |
165 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Sunquist, F. |
|
| |
Title |
Where cats and herders mix. (snow leopards in Tibet and Mongolia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
International Wildlife |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-33 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Mongolia; Tibet; herder; livestock; snow-leopard; predator; prey; World-Wildlife-Foundation; habitat; reserve; park; refuge; Pakistan; China; herders; parks; protected-area; snow leopard; browse; Wwf; world wildlife foundation; 1110; snow; leopard; range; territory; central; Central Asia; asia; Animal; region; conservation; wildlife; foundation; border; sheep; Baltistan; enclosures; area; home; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; countries; country; Feed; Cats; cat; mountain; peoples; people |
|
| |
Abstract |
The snow leopard inhabits a huge range of territory which encompasses some of Central Asia's most bleak and inhospitable terrains. The animal herders in these regions are desperately poor and yet they have agreed to cooperate with conservation groups in protecting the snow leopard. The World Wildlife Foundation has worked to create a refuge on the Pakistan-China border. Sheep herders near Askole, a village in the Baltistan region of northern Paksitan, drive their flocks past stone enclosures. The area is also home to snow leopards. With their natural prey dminished, leopards in 13 countries of central Asia occasionally feed on livestock, putting the cats on a collision course with mountain peoples. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
COPYRIGHT 1997 National Wildlife Federation , Jan-Feb 1997 v27 n1 p26(8) Document Type: English |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 330 |
Serial |
950 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
De Groot, H.; Van Swieten, P.; Aalberse, R.C. |
|
| |
Title |
Evidence for a Fel d I-like molecule in the “big cats” (Felidae species) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1990 |
Publication |
J Allergy Clin Immunol |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
86 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
107-116 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Adolescence; Adult; Allergens; immunology; Animal; Antibodies; Monoclonal; diagnostic; use; Antibody; Specificity; Carnivora; Cats; Comparative; study; Cross; Reactions; Hair; Histamine; Release; Human; IgE; analysis; IgG; Middle; Age; Radioallergosorbent; Test; methods; Support; Non-U.S.Gov't; browse; us; government; gov't; 240 |
|
| |
Abstract |
In this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity pattern of IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the major feline allergen, Fel d I. We studied the IgE and IgG4 response of 11 cat-allergic patients against Fel d I-like structures in eight members of the Felidae family: ocelot, puma, serval, siberian tiger, lion, jaguar, snow leopard, and caracal. Hair from these “big cats” was collected, extracted, and used in a RAST system and histamine-release test. By means of a RAST-inhibition assay with affinity-purified Fel d I from cat dander, it was established that, in the Felidae species, a Fel d I equivalent is present that reacts with IgE and IgG4 antibodies. We found that all patients had cross-reacting IgE antibodies to seven of the Felidae tested; no IgE antibodies reactive with the caracal were found. Eight of 10 patients with IgG4 antibodies directed to cat dander also had IgG4 antibodies directed to several Felidae species, including the caracal. However, the correlation between the IgE and the IgG4 antibody specificity was low, indicating that, in the case of Fel d I IgE and IgG4, antibodies do not necessarily have the same specificity. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0091-6749 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 157 |
Serial |
233 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Mainka, S.A. |
|
| |
Title |
Bilateral separation of the olecranon and proximal epiphysis from the ulnar diaphysis in a snow leopard cub |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
189 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1204-1205 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animal; Carnivora; injuries; Case-Report; Epiphyses; Forelimb; Male; Ulna; browse; 290 |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0003-1488 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 97 |
Serial |
636 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
White, S.D.; Stannard, A.A.; Ihrke, P.J.; Rosser, E.J. |
|
| |
Title |
Therapy of demodicosis in snow leopard challenged |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1981 |
Publication |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
178 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
877-878 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Amoxicillin: therapeutic use; Animal; Animals; zoo; Calcium: therapeutic use; Carnivora; Mite Infestations: drug therapy; veterinary; Sulfides: therapeutic use; Thiosulfates: therapeutic use; amoxicillin; therapeutic; calcium; mite; infestations; drug; therapy; drug therapy; sulfides; thiosulfates; browse; use; 360 |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0003-1488 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 57 |
Serial |
1020 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Paul, H.A.; Bargar, W.L.; Leininger, R. |
|
| |
Title |
Total hip replacement in a snow leopard |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1985 |
Publication |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
187 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1262-1263 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animal; Carnivora; surgery; Case; Report; Hip; Dislocation; veterinary; Prosthesis; Male; browse; 310 |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0003-1488 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 82 |
Serial |
760 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Karesh, W.B.; Kunz, L.L. |
|
| |
Title |
Bilateral testicular seminoma in a snow leopard |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1986 |
Publication |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
189 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1201 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animal; Carnivora; Case Report; Dysgerminoma; pathology; veterinary; Male; Testicular; neoplasms; Testis; browse; 300 |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0003-1488 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 98 |
Serial |
514 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Macdonald, A.A.; Johnstone, M. |
|
| |
Title |
Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (Felidae), dogs (Canidae), bears (Ursidae) and hyaenas (Hyaenidae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
J Anat |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
186 ( Pt 2) |
Issue |
|
Pages |
235-243 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animal; Newborn; Bears: anatomy & histology; Carnivora: anatomy & histology: embryology; Cats: anatomy & histology; Dogs: anatomy & histology; Heart Septum: anatomy & histology: embryology; Support,Non-U.S.Gov't; bear; anatomy; histology; Carnivora; embryology; Cats; cat; bears; Dog; Dogs; heart; septum; browse; non; gov't; us; government; 160 |
|
| |
Abstract |
The structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae and Hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. The Felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (Felis catus), 2 snow leopard neonates (Uncia uncia), an ocelot neonate (Leopardus pardalis), 2 lion neonates (Panthera leo), a panther neonate (Panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (Neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a neonate. The Canidae were represented by a golden jackal neonate (Canis aureus), a newborn wolf (Canis lupus), 8 domestic dog fetuses (Canis familiaris), 3 red fox neonates (Vulpes vulpes) and a dhole neonate (Cuon alpinus). The Ursidae were represented by a brown bear neonate (Ursus arctos), a day-old grizzly bear cub (Ursus arctos horribilis), a polar bear neonate (Ursus maritimus), and 2 additional bear fetuses (species unknown). The Hyaenidae were represented by a striped hyaena neonate (Hyaena hyaena). In each species, the foramen ovale, when viewed from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava, had the appearance of a short tunnel. A thin fold of tissue, the developed remains of the embryonic septum primum, extended from the distal end of the caudal vena cava for a variable distance into the lumen of the left atrium and contributed towards the 'tunnel' appearance in all specimens. It constituted a large proportion of the tube, and its distal end was straight-edged. There was fibrous material underlying the endothelium of the flap, the apparent morphology of which suggested that it comprised cardiac muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0021-8782 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Document Type: eng |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 269 |
Serial |
632 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
