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Author Din, J. U., Bari, F., Ali, H., Rehman, E. U., Adli, D. S. H., Abdullah, N. A., Norma-Rashid, Y., Kabir, M., Hameed, S., Nawaz, D. A., Nawaz, M. A.
Title Drivers of snow leopard poaching and trade in Pakistan and implications for management Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication (up) Nature Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 46 Issue Pages 49-62
Keywords conflict, illegal trade, northern Pakistan, pelt, poaching; retaliatory killing
Abstract The snow leopard is one of the highly valued species from high-altitude mountain ecosystems of Central and Southeast Asia, including Pakistan. This keystone species is facing a myriad of conventional and emerging threats, including poaching and trade, that are poorly documented in Pakistan. To understand the dynamics and drivers of the poaching and trading of snow leopards in Pakistan, we investigated the issue in depth through a multifaceted survey in the snow leopard range of the country. We recorded 101 snow leopard poaching incidences from 11 districts during 2005–2017. The reported poaching incidences varied spatially (‒x = 9 ± 2.6 [95% Cl: 3–15]) and temporally (‒x = 7.8 ± 1.09) and accounted for 2–4% annual population loss (n = 200–420) in a period of 13 years. Poaching and trade together constituted 89% of the total incidence reported and animals were mostly shot (66%), poisoned (12%), snared (12%) and captured (4%), respectively. Only a fraction (3%) of the incidences were reported to the relevant law enforcement agencies. Trade routes included large cities and neighbouring countries, even the Middle East and Europe. The average base and end prices for each item were 245 ± 36 USD and 1,736 ± 520 USD, respectively, while maximum monetary fines set as per the law were 275 USD. Our results establish the need for developing multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms at regional, national and international levels and information sharing to curb this menace. Improving the existing laws and surveillance system, while taking the local communities onboard, will further help to this end.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1672
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Author Heinen, J.T.; Leisure, B.
Title A new look at Himalayan Fur Trade Type Journal Article
Year 1993 Publication (up) Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 231-238
Keywords fur; trade; coat; pelt; poaching; hunting; hunter; browse; 2970
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 198 Serial 376
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Author Mishra, C.; Fitzherbert, A.
Title War and wildlife: a post-conflict assessment of Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication (up) Oryx Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 102-105
Keywords Afghanistan; fur trade; human-wildlife conflict; hunting; Lynx; marco polo sheep; snow leopard; Wakhan; wolf; 5270
Abstract Prior to the last two decades of conflict, Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor was considered an important area for conservation of the wildlife of high altitudes. We conducted an assessment of the status of large mammals in Wakhan after 22 years of conflict, and also made a preliminary assessment of wildlife trade

in the markets of Kabul, Faizabad and Ishkashem. The survey confirmed the continued occurrence of at least eight species of large mammals in Wakhan, of which the snow leopard Uncia uncia and Marco Polo sheep Ovis ammon are globally threatened. We found evidence of human-wildlife conflict in Wakhan due to livestock depredation by snow leopard and wolf Canis lupus. Large mammals are hunted for meat, sport, fur, and in retaliation against livestock depredation. The fur trade in Kabul is a threat to the snow leopard, wolf, lynx Lynx lynx and common leopard Panthera pardus.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 512 Serial 694
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Author Anonymous
Title Snow leopard in Mongolia Type Miscellaneous
Year 2001 Publication (up) Pamphlet. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-27
Keywords action plan, CCT, conservation, distribution, fur trade, habitat
Abstract This documents contains a review of the snow leopard's distribution, status and habitat in Mongolia, describes threats and conservation needs of the species, and outlines presently implemented actions. Five major threats are identified: 1) Poaching 2) loss of prey 3) degradation, fragmentation and loss of habitat 4) conflict with herders 5) lack of public awareness. Actions to mitigate the five major threats are recommended and future conservation priorities are set.
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Corporate Author WWF Mongolia Country Office & International Snow Leopard Trust Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1112
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Author Maming, R.
Title Market prices for the tissues and organs of snow leopards in China Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication (up) Selevinia Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue 20 Pages 119-122
Keywords trade; cases; products; prices; bazaars; snow leopards; extinction; Xinjiang
Abstract The population of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is plummeting as waterfall in

the last ten years. The illegal trade of snow leopard products is one of the fatal

factors. The biggest range and the biggest population of snow leopard both are in

China, and the largest trade is also in the country. Through questionnaires and

investigation with informants from 2002 to 2012, a lot of data were collected

through variety ways in different regions. In this paper 387 cases of snow leopard

poaching including smuggling routes, product list, price system and product usages

from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected for analysis and discussion. In

the face of rapid development in the west of China, the results showed that our

government did not try to protect the snow leopards, and the text of law was

practically useless. International organizations such as WWF, WCS, IUCN, PANTHERA,

SLT & SLN with SLSS were also powerless and helpless to stop snow leopard poaching

and trading. As a result, the fate of the snow leopard is very bad, and this is

worrying.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1395
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopard News Summer/ Fall 1999 Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication (up) Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords distribution; stutus; fur-trade; bones; medicine; conservation; enforcement; awareness; education; poaching; killing; hunting; web-of-life-poster; Slims; Nepal; field-study; Mongolia; prey; pelts; livestock; retaliatory-killing; habitat; browse; 4420
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor
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Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Conservation Challenges2.Education in Action: Posters Distributed in Mongolia and Bhutan3.5th SLIMS Workshop Held in Nepal4.News and Notes5.Thoughts From a Snow Leopard6.Snow Leopard Spot Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 430 Serial 927
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Author Koshkarev, E.
Title What Has Happened to the Snow Leopard After the Break-Up of Soviet Union? Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication (up) Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume Xvi Issue Pages
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Tadzhikistan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; poaching; hunting; capturing; pelts; skins; coats; furs; trade; status; distribution; bones; medicine; conservation; kazakstan; Tajikistan; browse; soviet; union; 4050
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Notes Full Text at URLEvgeniy Koshkarev, member of the Conservation Advisory Board of theInternational Snow Leopard TrustVitaly Vyrypaev, member of Asia-Irbis, International Research Group (this research was supported by Kathleen Braden, Valerie Trueblood, Bonnie and Dick Robbins (USA), Sacred Earth Network (USA), NABU (Germany). Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 380 Serial 567
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Author Koshkarev, E.
Title Poaching in Former USSR Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication (up) Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume xii Issue 2 Pages 6-7
Keywords Paoching; hunting; killing; pelts; furs; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; trade; skins; browse; 4610
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 448 Serial 562
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Author Anonymous
Title Trade continues in snow leopard skins Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication (up) Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume Xiv Issue Pages
Keywords trade; pelts; fur; coat; poaching; browse; 3080
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 284 Serial 83
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Trade Continues in Snow Leopard Skins Type Miscellaneous
Year 1996 Publication (up) Snowline Abbreviated Journal
Volume xiv Issue Pages
Keywords poaching; pelts; trade; asia; Pakistan; China; Kashgar; browse; 4550
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snowline Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 443 Serial 924
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