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Author Pavlinov I.Ya.
Title Taxonomy of mammals in the USSR Type Miscellaneous
Year 1987 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 90
Keywords Ussr; taxonomy; snow leopard.; 7830; Russian
Abstract The reference book on taxonomy of modern mammals in the USSR provides classification from order to species, list of synonyms for all taxons, and indicates types and typical habitats, and places of storage of typical exhibits. Fauna of the USSR has one species of genus Uncia Grey, 1854 Uncia uncia (Schreber, 1776).
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Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 761 Serial 763
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Author Pavlinov I.Ya.
Title Taxonomy of mammals in the USSR: additions Type Miscellaneous
Year 1998 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 90
Keywords Ussr; taxonomy; synonyms; distribution; snow leopard.; 7850; Russian
Abstract A full hierarchic system of mammal fauna in the USSR and CIS countries, list of synonyms, comments on taxonomy, and information about geographical distribution are given. Genus Uncia Gray, 1854 includes one species U. uncia (Schreber, 1776) distributed in highlands (up to 5,000 m) of Central Asia (Tibet, Pamir, Tien-Shan, Altai). Synonyms: irbis.
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Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 763 Serial 764
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Author Persianova L.A.
Title About the Red Book listing rare and endangered animal and plant species Type Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 41-42
Keywords Uzbekistan; Red Data book; flora; fauna; rare species; categories of threat; mammals; birds; reptiles; fishes; snow leopard.; 7870; Russian
Abstract The Red Book includes data of rare and endangered fauna and flora species. The species are sub-divided into five categories by threat. Volume 1 of the Red Book of the Uzbek SSR includes 22 mammal species, 31 bird species, five reptile and five fish species. Among them there are endemic species and species included in the International Red list. Snow leopard is referred to a category of endangered species.
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ISSN http://www.snowleopard.org/islt/procite/lpabout80.doc ISBN Medium
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Urgent problems of nature protection and sustainable use of natural resources. Proceedings of the second national conference of Uzbekistan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 765 Serial 768
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Author Persianova L.A.
Title Snow leopard, or irbis Uncia uncia Scheber, 1775 Type Miscellaneous
Year 1983 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. 1. Issue Pages 32-33
Keywords Uzbekistan; Red Data book; endangered species; snow leopard; status of threat; distribution; habitats; number; life-history; threats; conservation measures.; 7880; Russian
Abstract Status of snow leopard in Uzbek Red Data Book is rare species with reducing population. It provides data concerning distribution, habitats, biology, threats, and existing and required snow leopard protection measures in Uzbekistan. This species is distributed in the Kurama, Chatkal, Pskem, Ugam, Turkistan, and Gissar ridges. Its population is about 10 animals. There are two snow leopards in the Tashkent zoo. This species is protected in Zaamin, Kizilsu, Miraka, and Chatkal nature reserves.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Red Data Book of the Uzbek SSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 766 Serial 769
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Author Petrov B.M.
Title Game fauna in western extremities of the Tien Shan and specific issues of its enrichment and use Type Miscellaneous
Year 1963 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 224-225
Keywords Uzbekistan; Western Tien Shan; game species; hunting farm; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 7890; Russian
Abstract It provides a brief description of game fauna in the West Tien Shan including the Ugam, Pskem, Chatkal, and Kurama ridges, characterized by high diversity and practical value of predatory mammal species (including snow leopard), Artiodactyls, rodents and birds. There arises a question of game fauna enrichment and game management regulating on this territory.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoogeography of land. Proceedings of third all-Union meeting. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 767 Serial 771
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Author Plakhov K.N.
Title Menzbier's marmot in Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2002 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 106-109
Keywords Kazakhstan; Menzbier's marmot; predators; snow leopard.; 7900; Russian
Abstract Menzbier's marmot is preyed on by snow leopard, bear, wolf, fox, bearded vulture, golden eagle, black vulture, and raven. A harm caused by the predators to the Kazakhstan population of marmot made up 2,000 3,000 in 2001.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoological studies in Kazakhstan. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 768 Serial 774
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Author Plyaskin V.E.
Title Rare Felidae species in the Chatkal valley of the West Tien Shan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 41-42
Keywords Kyrgyzstan; Besh-Aral nature reserve; Cats; snow leopard; Lynx; manul; species range; diet; decline; illegal hunting.; 7910; Russian
Abstract In 1981, rare Felidae species such as snow leopard, Turkistan lynx, and manul (one encounter recorded) were found in the Besh-Aral nature reserve (the Chatkal valley). Illegal hunting and high concentration of people in some places is emphasized to impact the animal populations.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Protection and reproduction of fauna. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 769 Serial 775
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Author Plyaskin V.E.
Title About a methodology of predatory mammals study under the conditions of mountain nature reserves Type Miscellaneous
Year 1984 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 25
Keywords large predators; methodology of studing; snow leopard.; 7920; Russian
Abstract Methods of studying large predatory mammals in mountain nature reserves are described. The following was recommended in terms of snow leopard: methods of plotting encounter places based on oral questioning of local communities; counts on the sites of traces (1.5 x 1.5 m) with mellow flat soil with odor lure in the center; obtaining indirect data by analyzing data concerning numbers and herds of ibex.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Study and protection of wildlife objects. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 770 Serial 776
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Author Pokrovskiy V.S.
Title Mammals Type Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 19-28
Keywords Ussr; endangered species; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7930; Russian
Abstract The work presents a preliminary list of rare and endangered predatory and ungulate species. Snow leopard inhabits the mountain ridges of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and sometimes is met in the Altai and Tuva. Despite its habitat has not changed since recently, number of snow leopard is decreasing. Snow leopard population is reducing because this species is believed to be dangerous, as its skin is of high and sustainable demand, and because of high prices zoos will readily pay to buy snow leopards. Shepherds, local hunters and geologists hunt snow leopard.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare and endangered mammal and bird species in the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 771 Serial 779
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Author Pokrovskiy V.S.
Title Snow leopard, or irbis Type Miscellaneous
Year 1976 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 82-98
Keywords Ussr; snow leopard; distribution; number; use; protection.; 7940; Russian
Abstract It considers biology of snow leopard, provides data concerning its number and distribution, and shows environment correlation of the predator. Besides, it describes the ways of catching snow leopards, and conditions under which it can be kept in enclosures. Precise recommendations for the species protection are given.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Large mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 772 Serial 780
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Author Pokrovskiy V.S.
Title The role of zoos in conservation of rare predator mammal species Type Miscellaneous
Year 1979 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 54-56
Keywords snow leopard; captive breeding; Zoo.; 7950; Russian
Abstract Snow leopards are kept in 50 zoos worldwide, where some 70 animals were born. There are 26 snow leopards in 28 zoos of the USSR. The zoos of Chicago and Kaunas are specialized in breeding snow leopards.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 773 Serial 781
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Author Pokrovskiy V.S.
Title Special protected areas (zakazniks) in areas of existence of rare and especially useful species of animals Type Miscellaneous
Year 1967 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 132-135
Keywords Ussr; protected areas; snow leopard.; 7960; Russian
Abstract The description of nature reserves of USSR is given. The key species living within these reserves are specified. The snow leopard is recorded for zakaznik located in Koksu River upper, Kazakhstan.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Remarkable natural landscapes of the USSR and their protection. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 774 Serial 782
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Author Potapov R.
Title On the top of ridges Type Miscellaneous
Year 1986 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 146-162
Keywords Tajikistan; Pamir; Animals; snow leopard; ibex.; 7970; Russian
Abstract In a popular form, it says about wildlife of Pamir, unique animal kingdom of highlands. The author describes his personal encounter with snow leopard following a herd of ibex and thinks of peculiarities of this large predator and reasons for hunting it.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Tiger gully. Unknown world.
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Notes Full text available in Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 775 Serial 785
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Author Poyarkov A.D.
Title Irbis in south-western Tuva Type Miscellaneous
Year 1999 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 204
Keywords Russia; Altai-Sayans; snow leopard; distribution; number.; 7980; Russian
Abstract In 1998, under the WWF Altai-Sayans ecoregion conservation program, traces of snow leopard were detected in the ridges of Tsaran-Shibetu and Shipshal. The density of vital activity traces is comparable with those in northern Mongolia.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: 4th Congress of mammalogy society. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 776 Serial 786
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Author Poyarkov, A.D.
Title Some Aspects of Snow Leopard Research Methodology Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; biology; population; probability; presence; study; Slims; indices; research; 5030
Abstract This report analyses some methodological aspects of snow leopard studies, primarily, on the basis of Russian scientific sources.
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 489 Serial 787
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Author Poyarkov, A.D.; Samoylova, G.S.; Subbotin, A.E.
Title Evaluation of Potential Habitats of Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia, Schreb.) In Altay-Khangay-Sayan Region and in Territory of Russian Federation: GIS Approach Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; uncia; habitat; Forest; desert; tundra; territory; landscape; steppe; alpine; gorge; valley; land; use; region; potential; area; 5040
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle, WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 490 Serial 788
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Author Poyarkov, A.D.; Subbotin, A.E.
Title The Snow Leopard Status in Russia Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; status; uncia; Russia; range; habitat; population; 5050
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 491 Serial 789
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Author Poyarkov, A.D.; Subbotin, A.E.
Title Strategic Priorities and the System of Measures for Snow Leopard Conservation in Russia Type Conference Article
Year 2002 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords snow; leopard; range; conservation; habitats; cooridoors; reserve; reserves; Russia; competitors; Competition; predators prey; population; poaching; smuggling; grazers; program; 5060
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Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 492 Serial 790
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Author Prokopov K.P.
Title Taxonomic list of mammal fauna of eastern Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 1990 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Vol. I. Issue Pages 92-93
Keywords Kazakhstan; Altai; Zaisan valley; Saur-Tarbagatai; mammals; snow leopard.; 7990; Russian
Abstract During the period 1965 through 1988, studies were conducted in the north-east of Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan's Altai, Zaisan depression, Saur-Tarbagatai) and list of mammals (104 species) for the area made.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of V Congress mammalogy' society of the Academy of Science of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 777 Serial 794
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Author Prokopov K.P.
Title The Red Data Book of vertebrate animals in eastern Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
Year 2003 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 26-28
Keywords Kazakhstan; Eastern Kazakhstan; Red Data book; categories of threat; rare species; snow leopard; nature conservation; nature reserves.; 8000; Russian
Abstract After the inventory of all rare and endangered species the categories of threat in the Red Data Book of eastern Kazakhstan has changed for most of the species: 24 species were referred to category 1 (endangered species) (in Kazakhstan's Red Data Book 14 species); 26 (14) species to category 2 (decreasing species); 11 (24) to category 3 (rare); and 1 (3) to category 5 (rehabilitated). There are three nature reserves in the region: Markakol, West Alatai, and Alakol to protect wild vertebrate animals.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecosphere: Eastern Kazakhstan information and analytical journal. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 778 Serial 795
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Author Proskuryakov M.A.
Title Almaty nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1969 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 459-464
Keywords Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; landscape; flora; fauna; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8010; Russian
Abstract A description of the Almaty nature reserve is given and includes as follows: data of establishment, location, physic and geographic description, types of soils, climate, flora and fauna. In the nature reserve there are 39 mammals and 117 birds. Snow leopard, wild ibex, brown bear, lynx, wild boar, red deer, wolf, fox etc. inhabited in the nature reserve.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 779 Serial 796
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Author Puzanov I.I.
Title Central Asia sub-area Type Miscellaneous
Year 1938 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 240-244
Keywords Central Asia; fauna; snow leopard.; 8020; Russian
Abstract The author describes fauna of the Central Asia sub-area. Snow leopard is a typical inhabitant of the sub-area highlands.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Zoogeography. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 780 Serial 797
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Author Rashek V.A.
Title The Chatkal State nature reserve. Aksu Jabagly nature reserve Type Miscellaneous
Year 1980 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 157-161
Keywords Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Chatkal nature reserve; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; landscape; flora; fauna; birds; mammals; rare species; snow leopard.; 8040; Russian
Abstract It describes history of the Chatkal and Aksu Jabagly nature reserves' establishment and provides data concerning hydrography, soils, climate, landscapes, altitude zoning, flora and fauna, and main aspects of scientific work.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 782 Serial 806
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Author Razmakhnin V.E.
Title Siberian wild ibex Type Miscellaneous
Year 1977 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 164-175
Keywords Ussr; Siberian wild ibex; biology; distribution; number; variability; behavior; predators; snow leopard.; 8050; Russian
Abstract It provides a detailed description of biology, distribution, geographic variability, behavior, and locomotion features of ibex in the USSR. Its population was defined as 100,000 animals, main enemies being wolf, snow leopard, and golden eagle. Wolf mainly preys on ibex at the end of winter; old males, weakened during the heat mostly becoming a prey. Snow leopards prey on ibexes all year round. Golden eagles mostly prey on young ibexes.
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Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ungulates. Rare animals of the USSR. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 783 Serial 810
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Author Riddell, Mand L.G.
Title Snow Leopard Expedition Kazakhstan 2004 Type Miscellaneous
Year 2004 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Kazakhstan; snow leopard; expedition; Central Asia; ecotourism; map; 5730
Abstract This Newcastle University Expedition reviewed the conflict between man and snow leopard in the region east of Tekeli in the Dzhungarian Alatau range, Kazakhstan. After the soviet state breakup in 1991 snow leopards in Kazakhstan and in the other Asian republics were subjected to high levels of persecution. There are thought to be between 180-200 snow leopards in Kazakhstan, of which 37-40 individuals inhabit the Dzhungarian Mountains. No work has been done previously to review the present snow leopard-human conflicts in this region, and this project looked to update previous reports from Central Asia about predominant conflicts in these regions. The expedition team worked with the Institute of Zoology in Kazakhstan and two of the six person team were Kazakh students. Methods comparable to those used in previous studies were used to map and rank the threats in the western area of the range, over an eight week period. The expedition team lived in the mountains for periods of two-three weeks, carrying all their food and equipment and using local vehicles, horses and trekking to move from pasture to pasture. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and prey counts were used to assess snow leopard-human conflicts including poaching of snow leopard, poaching of leopard wild prey, human disturbance and livestock overgrazing. The results from the report support much previous work from Kazakhstan and other areas in Central Asia, but serve as a useful update shedding light on an optimistic future for snow leopard conservation while highlighting what the expedition team perceives to be the major threats to snow leopards. The threats to snow leopards, in order of relevance from most to least, are loss of prey predominantly through hunting by local people (both legal and illegal), direct hunting of snowleopard for pelt/medicine, disturbance by herders on the pastures, snow leopard habitat fragmentation around the mountain bases, and least importantly overgrazing by domestic livestock. Retaliatory kills by herders are not a threat in the region and on livestock were killed by snow leopards. Levels of all hunting, legal and illegal, need to be reduced in the range until wildlife populations have recovered significantly from the mid-1990's over-hunting period. Levels of rural corruption among many stakeholders were high around the mountain region, and are thought to contribute negatively to wildlife conservation in the area. Ecotourism in the area, that incorporates local people around the mountain region, is proposed as a solution to offer local people's incentives to lower hunting levels. This report makes the following main recommendations:

ÿStrengthening law enforcement capacity

ÿIncreasing the number of ecological rangers

ÿIncreasing incentives of ecological rangers to prevent poaching

ÿEquipping the ecological rangers more sufficiently

ÿMore effective communication between ranger and National Park administrative regions

ÿThe involvement of all stakeholders in wildlife conservation including military officials and local herders

ÿWhistle blower policies to prevent illegal trade in all animals in the region

ÿMore geographic consistency between present and proposed protected areas in the region

 Accurate snow leopard monitoring to build on valuable information previously collected in Kazakhstan

 Provision of local incentives (ecotourism and community based hunting reserves) to reduce local hunting and local unemployment around the mountains

 Increased interest and technical assistance in Kazakhstan from conservation International Non-Governmental Organizations

 More government fund for the Institute of Zoology

 Stronger cross border (Kazakhstan-China) legislation implementation Further research could involve establishing an annual, standardized, snow leopard

survey in the range, or could compare these findings of threats to snow leopards to other regions in Kazakhstan (eg. The Altai) or Central Asia.

This report has been replicated for all the expedition sponsors, put on the internet, and

distributed among contacts in the snow leopard conservation community.

The expedition team also spent some time exploring and photographing some of the remoter valleys around the study pastures, and made a short video of the teams exploits. Links were made between KIMEP University in Almaty, and Newcastle University, registered a research centre with the Royal Geographical Society, and lectured about the Dzhungarian range and snow leopard conservation at; the Royal Geographical Society, Newcastle University, Royal Zoological Society for Scotland(Edinburgh Zoo), and Wilderness Lecturers (Bristol).
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 283 Serial 816
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