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| Author | Wingard, J.R.; Zahler, P. | ||||
| Title | Silent Steppe: The Illegal Wildlife Trade Crisis in Mongolia | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication  |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-170 | ||
| Keywords | steppe; illegal; wildlife; trade; Mongolia; study; threat; populations; population; areas; area; fur; fur trade; fur-trade; game; meat; hunting; Chain; impact; biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; conservation; rural; livelihood; Wildlife-Management; management; survey; survey methods; methods; history; action; International; enforcement; domestic; community-based; approach | ||||
| Abstract | The current study in Mongolia is truly groundbreaking, in that it shows that the problem of commercial wildlife trade is also vast, unsustainable, and a major threat to wildlife populations in other areas. This paper's Executive Summary briefs the topics of wildlife trade in Mongolia, fur trade, medicinal trade, game meat trade, trophy and sport hunting, trade chains and markets, trade sustainability, impacts of wildlife trade on biodiversity conservation, impacts of trade on rural livelihoods, enabling wildlife management, and management recommendations. The main content of the paper includes: wildlife trade survey methods, a history of wildlife trade in Mongolia, wildlife take and trade today, enabling wildlife management, and recommendations and priority actions. The recommendations have been divided into six separate sections, including (1) cross-cutting recommendations, (2) international trade enforcement, (3) domestic trade enforcement, (4) hunting management, (5) trophy and sport hunting management, and (6) community-based approaches. Each section identifies short-term, long-term, and regulatory goals in order of priority within each subsection. | ||||
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| Publisher | World Bank | Place of Publication | Washington, D.C. | Editor | East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department |
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| Notes | Mongolian version. English language translation is also available in the SLN bibliography. Mongolia Discussion Papers. East Asia and Pacific Environment and Social Development Department. Washington D.C.: World Bank. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1079 | Serial | 1026 | ||
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| Author | Xu, F.; Ma, M.; Wu, Y.-Q. | ||||
| Title | Population density and habitat utilization of ibex in Tomur National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | densities; density; habitat; habitat utilization; ibex; national; nature; population; Population-Density; Tomur | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 867 | Serial | 1037 | ||
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| Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
| Title | The influence of the predators on population trend of the ungulates in the Almaty nature reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 199-201 | ||
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; predators; ungulates; dencity; population trend; snow leopard.; 8770; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The data on predators and ungulates population dynamics in Almaty Nature reserve (Kazakhstan) in 1983-1987s are given. The number of snow leopard is stable (3-5 individuals), the density is 0.06 indi/1000 ha. An insignificant increase of Siberian ibex' number (660 to 700) with density of 36 indi/1000 ha is recorded. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: All-Union Conference on cadastre and censusing of the animals. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 854 | Serial | 1084 | ||
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| Author | Zhiryakov V.A. | ||||
| Title | Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | N 1-4. | Issue | Pages | 184-199 | |
| Keywords | Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 858 | Serial | 1087 | ||
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| Author | Henschel, P.; Ray, J. | ||||
| Title | Leopards in African Rainforests: Survey and Monitoring Techniques | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | forest leopards; african rainforests; survey; monitoring techniques; lope reserve; gabon; central africa; congo; zaire; field testing; populations; wild meat; relative abundance; density; live-trapping; presence and absense surveys; ad-hoc survey; bushmeat; systematic survey; monitoring; individual identification; tracks; Discriminant Function Analysis; genotyping; scat; Hair; Dna; remote photography; camera trapping; capture rates; Trailmaster; Camtrakker; bait; duikers; pigs; elephant; bongo; okapi; human hunters; 5300 | ||||
| Abstract | Monitoring Techniques Forest leopards have never been systematically surveyed in African forests, in spite of their potentially vital ecological role as the sole large mammalian predators in these systems. Because leopards are rarely seen in this habitat, and are difficult to survey using the most common techniques for assessing relative abundances of forest mammals, baseline knowledge of leopard ecology and responses to human disturbance in African forests remain largely unknown. This technical handbook sums up the experience gained during a two-year study of leopards by Philipp Henschel in the Lop‚ Reserve in Gabon, Central Africa, in 2001/2002, supplemented by additional experience from carnivore studies conducted by Justina Ray in southwestern Central African Republic and eastern Congo (Zaire) . The main focus of this effort has been to develop a protocol that can be used by fieldworkers across west and central Africa to estimate leopard densities in various forest types. In developing this manual, Henschel tested several indirect methods to assess leopard numbers in both logged and unlogged forests, with the main effort devoted to testing remote photography survey methods developed for tigers by Karanth (e.g., Karanth 1995, Karanth & Nichols 1998; 2000; 2002), and modifying them for the specific conditions characterizing African forest environments. This handbook summarizes the results of the field testing, and provides recommendations for techniques to assess leopard presence/absence, relative abundance, and densities in African forest sites. We briefly review the suitability of various methods for different study objectives and go into particular detail on remote photography survey methodology, adapting previously developed methods and sampling considerations specifically to the African forest environment. Finally, we briefly discuss how camera trapping may be used as a tool to survey other forest mammals. Developing a survey protocol for African leopards is a necessary first step towards a regional assessment and priority setting exercise targeted at forest leopards, similar to those carried out on large carnivores in Asian and South American forests. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | Wildlife Conservation Society | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 515 | Serial | 382 | ||
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| Author | Blomqvist, L. | ||||
| Title | The Development of the Captive Snow Leopard Population between 1984-1985 | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 181-189 | ||
| Keywords | zoos; zoo; captivity; breeding; status; population; husbandry; captive; browse; 1760 | ||||
| Abstract | In 1984, 73 (31/41/1) cubs were born of which 47 (24/23) survived for six months or longer. This gives us a cub mortality of 35.6%. A total of 38 (11/26/1) snow leopards died in captivity in 1984. Five (2/3) specimens were wild caught at the same time in the USSR and then located in the zoos of ALma-Ata, Moscow and Novosibirsk. At the End of 1984, the captive stock consisted of 332 (168/164) snow leopards, an increase of forty animals from the previous year. | ||||
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| Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India | Place of Publication | India | Editor | H.Freeman |
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| Notes | Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 106 | Serial | 161 | ||
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| Author | Aromov, B. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Hissar Nature Reserve | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue 3 | Issue | Pages | 121-125 | |
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; population estimate; diet; wild ibex; livestock; rut; cubs; competitors.; 6080; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Data on distribution, number, diet and breeding of snow leopard in NW spurs of the Hissar Ridge were collected over long-term studies in the span from 1981 to 1994. An increase in the number of this animal from 4 to 17 individuals has been recorded in the Hissar Nature Reserve (Uzbekistan). | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of Nature Reserves in Uzbekistan. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 587 | Serial | 100 | ||
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| Author | Aripjanov M.P. | ||||
| Title | Rare mammals of South-West Tien Shan | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1990 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 80-81 | ||
| Keywords | Uzbekistan; South-West Tien-Shan; rare species; snow leopard; population; species number; poaching; human activity.; 6040; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | Rare mammal species such as free-toiled bat, Menzbier's marmot (endemic to the Western Tien Shan), Tien-Shan brown bear, Central Asian otter, Turkestan lynx, snow leopard, and wild sheep inhabit the South-West Tien-Shan (Uzbekistan). Brief data on animal encounters and main threats are given. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Environmental problems of wildlife protection. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 583 | Serial | 96 | ||
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| Author | Chapron, G.; Legendre, S. | ||||
| Title | Some Insights Into Snow Leopard (Uncia Uncia) Demography By Using Stage Structured Population Models | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | snow; leopard; uncia; viability; analysis; carnivore; carnivores; domestic; game; demographic; population; mortality; biology; mating; 4910 | ||||
| Abstract | Based on the limited data available on snow leopard demography, we developed deterministic and stochastic stage-structured demographic models to study the population dynamics of this large cat. Our results reveal that even small leopard populations can persist provided their demographic parameters remain high, but less favorable scenarios would require larger population sizes. Population growth rate is more sensitive to breeder survivals than to any other parameters. A snow leopard population would start declining if yearly mortality claims more than 1/5 of the population. This study identifies poaching as a major threat to snow leopard survival and stresses the importance of long-term studies to better understand snow leopard population dynamics. | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 477 | Serial | 213 | ||
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| Author | Fox, J.L.; Jackson, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Blue Sheep and Snow Leopards in Bhutan and Trans-Himalayan Nepal: Recent Status Evaluations and Their Application to Research and Conservation | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | blue; sheep; Nepal; snow; leopard; status; Himalaya; Himalayan; Bhutan; population; indices; conservation; monitoring; 4930 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | abstract onlyTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 479 | Serial | 311 | ||
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| Author | Anonymous | ||||
| Title | Livestock Predation Control Workshop | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Lahul-Spiti; Ladakh; Hemis; parks; reserves; refuge; protected-area; argali; abix; blue-sheep; wolves; distribution; status; population; poaching; hunting; trade; skins; livestock; pelts; coat; fur; bones; medicine; prey-depletion; herders; habitat; habitat-degradation; tourism; Tmi; Islt; predator; prey; conflict; compensation; trekking; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; depletion; degradation; international snow leopard trust; 3940 | ||||
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| Notes | Full Text at URLDate of Meeting: Ladakh (1999 Oct 6- Oct 10 ) | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 359 | Serial | 86 | ||
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| Author | Harris, R.B. | ||||
| Title | Dealing with uncertainty in counts of mountain ungulates | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 105-111 | ||
| Keywords | ungulates; blue-sheep; argali; tahr; ibex; prey; predator; status; population; asia; blue; sheep; browse; 3260 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; Jizeng, D. |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 224 | Serial | 372 | ||
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| Author | Ale S. | ||||
| Title | Have snow leopards made a comeback to the Everest region of Nepal? | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-21 | ||
| Keywords | snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; region; Nepal; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; 1960; endangered; Sagarmatha; High; Himalaya; tourism; impact; establishment; national; national park; National-park; park; 1980; area; Tibet; surveys; survey; status; Cats; cat; prey; research; project; sign; transects; transect; length; valley; Response; hunting; recovery; Himalayan; tahr; density; densities; range; pugmarks; sighting; 60; study; population; predators; predator; structure; prey species; prey-species; species; populations; mortality; effects; predation; population dynamics | ||||
| Abstract | In the 1960s, the endangered snow leopard was locally extirpated from the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) region of Nepal. In this Sherpa-inhabited high Himalaya, the flourishing tourism since the ascent of Mt Everest in 1953, has caused both prosperity and adverse impacts, the concern that catalyzed the establishment of Mt. Everest National Park in the region in 1976. In the late 1980s, there were reports that some transient snow leopards may have visited the area from adjoining Tibet, but no biological surveys exist to confirm the status of the cats and their prey. Have snow leopards finally returned to the top of the world? Exploring this question was the main purpose of this research project. We systematically walked altogether 24 sign transects covering over 13 km in length in three valleys, i.e. Namche, Phortse and Gokyo, of the park, and counted several snow leopard signs. The results indicated that snow leopards have made a comeback in the park in response to decades of protective measures, the virtual cessation of hunting and the recovery of the Himalayan tahr which is snow leopard's prey. The average sign density (4.2 signs/km and 2.5 sign sites/km) was comparable to that reported from other parts of the cats' range in the Himalaya. On this basis, we estimated the cat density in the Everest region between 1 to 3 cats per 100 sq km, a figure that was supported by different sets of pugmarks and actual sightings of snow leopards in the 60 km2 sample survey area. In the study area, tahr population had a low reproductive rate (e.g. kids-to-females ratio, 0.1, in Namche). Since predators can influence the size and the structure of prey species populations through mortality and through non-lethal effects or predation risk, snow leopards could have been the cause of the population dynamics of tahr in Sagarmtha, but this study could not confirm this speculation for which further probing may be required. | ||||
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| Notes | Progress report for the International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1063 | Serial | 50 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R.; Roe, J. | ||||
| Title | Preliminary Observations On Non-Invasive Techniques for Identifying Individual Snow Leopards and Monitoring Populations | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; leopard; monitoring; population; uncia; non; invasive; photo; camera; trap; traps; 4970 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | Abastract OnlyTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 483 | Serial | 469 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Status, Distribution, and Protected Areas Coverage | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Keywords | snow; leopard; status; distribution; range; China; Bhutan; conservation; protection; protected; protect; areas; Afghanistan; Nepal; Ussr; population; kyrgystan; Pakistan; Uzbekistan; Kazakhstan; Tajikistan; 4980 | ||||
| Abstract | This document reports on the status, distribution and protected areas coverage for snow leopard across its range in Central Asia. It is intended to aid in updating the existing knowledge base of snow leopard status and distribution during the Snow Leopard Survival Strategy (SLSS) Workshop organized by the International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), and to be held in Seattle on May 21-25, 2002. The SLSS workshop provides an unique opportunity to solicit feedback from scientists, conservation organizations, government agencies and knowledgeable experts in order to: (1) Verify the accuracy of information presented in this document (much of which was published 5-10 years ago) and to identify data gaps, especially with respect to population size and protectedareas coverage for this species; (2) Aid organizations in developing tightly targeting conservation actions by identifying critical snow leopard areas, parks and reserves, and by implication, the intervening linking corridors linking key protected areas; (3) Serve as a catalyst for encouraging range-countries to conduct field surveys into snow leopard status and distribution, especially in those areas deemed the most important to the maintenance of a viable metapopulation across the 12 countries in which the species' occurs. |
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Islt | Editor | |
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 484 | Serial | 470 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. | ||||
| Title | Surveying Snow Leopard Populations with Emphasis on Camera Trapping: A Handbook | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-73 | ||
| Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; conservation; populations; population; camera; camera trapping; trapping; Chinese | ||||
| Abstract | This handbook provides an introduction to snow leopard population survey techniques, followed by a detailed account of camera trapping methods.During the 2002 through 2004 winter field seasons, the Snow Leopard Conservancy experimented with infrared camera trapping techniques to define a methodology suitable for the high altitude environment. In 2001 and 2002, much of our time was spent familiarizing ourselves with various infrared camera traps, their operation and setup, and comparing the effectiveness of different models and sensor types. We placed infrared camera traps along frequently used travel corridors at or near scent-sprayed rocks (rock scents) and scrape sites within 16 km2 sampling cells between January and March in 2003 and 2004. A total of 66 and 49 captures of snow leopards were tallied during 2003 and 2004, resulting in an overall capture success of 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights, respectively. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.46. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 ± 0.22 individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 ± 0.16 in 2004, with the disparity between years largely attributed to different trapping densities. Snow leopard abundance estimates were calculated using the computer program CAPTURE. |
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| Publisher | The Snow Leopard Conservancy | Place of Publication | Sonoma, California | Editor | |
| Language | Chinese | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Chinese translation. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1015 | Serial | 473 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R.; Roe, J.; Wangchuk, R.; Hunter, D. | ||||
| Title | Surveying Snow Leopard Populations with Emphasis on Camera Trapping: A Handbook | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-73 | ||
| Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; populations; population; camera; camera trapping; trapping | ||||
| Abstract | This handbook provides an introduction to snow leopard population survey techniques, followed by a detailed account of camera trapping methods.During the 2002 through 2004 winter field seasons, the Snow Leopard Conservancy experimented with infrared camera trapping techniques to define a methodology suitable for the high altitude environment. In 2001 and 2002, much of our time was spent familiarizing ourselves with various infrared camera traps, their operation and setup, and comparing the effectiveness of different models and sensor types. We placed infrared camera traps along frequently used travel corridors at or near scent-sprayed rocks (rock scents) and scrape sites within 16 km2 sampling cells between January and March in 2003 and 2004. A total of 66 and 49 captures of snow leopards were tallied during 2003 and 2004, resulting in an overall capture success of 8.91 and 5.63 individuals per 100 trap-nights, respectively. Capture probabilities ranged from 0.33 to 0.46. Density estimates ranged from 8.49 ± 0.22 individuals per 100 km2 in 2003 to 4.45 ± 0.16 in 2004, with the disparity between years largely attributed to different trapping densities. Snow leopard abundance estimates were calculated using the computer program CAPTURE. |
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| Publisher | The Snow Leopard Conservancy | Place of Publication | Sonoma, California | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | English version. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1016 | Serial | 474 | ||
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| Author | Ming, M.; Chundawat R.S.; Jumabay, K.; Wu, Y.; Aizeizi, Q.; Zhu, M.H. | ||||
| Title | Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Mountains | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication |
Acta Theriologica Sinica | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 788-793 |
| Keywords | behavior; camera trapping; capture; China; Chinese; density; feces; fox; ibex; infrared trapping cameras; livestock; photo; population; research; reserve; sign; snow leopard; survey; Tianshan Mountains; Tomur; transect; Uncia uncia; Xinjiang | ||||
| Abstract | The main purpose of this work was to study the use of infrared trapping cameras to estimate snow leopard Uncia uncia population size in a specific study area. This is the first time a study of this nature has taken place in China. During 71 days of field work, a total of 36 cameras were set up in five different small vales of the Muzat Valley adjacent to the Tomur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province, E80ø35' – 81ø00' and N42ø00' – 42ø10', elevation 2'300 – 3'000 m, from 18th October to 27th December 2005. We expended approximately 2094 trap days and nights total (c. 50'256 hours). At least 32 pictures of snow leopards, 22 pictures of other wild species (e.g. chukor, wild pig, ibex, red fox, cape hare) and 72 pictures of livestock were taken by the passive Cam Trakker (CT) train monitor in about 16 points of the Muzat Valley. The movement distance of snow leopard was 3-10 km/day. And the capture rate or photographic rate of snow leopard was 1.53%. Meanwhile, 20 transects were run and 31 feces sample were collected. According to 32 photos, photographic rate and sign survey after snowing on the spot, were about 5-8 individuals of snow leopards in the research area, and the minimum density of snow leopard in Muzat Valley was 2.0 – 3.2 individuals/100 km2. We observed the behavior of ibex for 77.3 hours, and found about 20 groups and a total of approximately 264 ibexes in the research area. | ||||
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| Notes | In Chinese | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 971 | Serial | 683 | ||
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| Author | Karanth, K.U., Nichols, J.D., Seidensticker, J., Dinerstein, E., David Smith, J.L., McDougal, C., Johnsingh, A.J.T., Chundawat, R.S., Thapar, V. | ||||
| Title | Science deficiency in conservation practice: the monitoring of tiger populations in India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | Pages | 141-146 | |
| Keywords | population monitoring, sampling, tiger, pugmark, census, pugmark census | ||||
| Abstract | Conservation practices are supposed to get refined by advancing scientific knowledge. We study this phenomenon in the context of monitoring tiger populations in India, by evaluating the ‘pugmark census method’ employed by wildlife managers for three decades. We use an analytical framework of modern animal population sampling to test the efficacy of the pugmark censuses using scientific data on tigers and our field observations. We identify three critical goals for monitoring tiger populations, in order of increasing sophistication: (1) distribution mapping, (2) tracking relative abundance, (3) estimation of absolute abundance. We demonstrate that the present census-based paradigm does not work because it ignores the first two simpler goals, and targets, but fails to achieve, the most difficult third goal. We point out the utility and ready availability of alternative monitoring paradigms that deal with the central problems of spatial sampling and observability. We propose an alternative sampling-based approach that can be tailored to meet practical needs of tiger monitoring at different levels of refinement. | ||||
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| Publisher | The Zoological Society of London | Place of Publication | United Kingdom | Editor | |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1307 | ||
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| Author | Zhang, L., Lian, X., Yang, X | ||||
| Title | Population density of snow leopards (Panthera Uncia) in the Yage Valley Region of the Sanjiangyuan National Park: Conservation Implications and future directions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
Artic, Antartic and Alpine Research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 52 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 541-550 |
| Keywords | Snow leopard; population density; camera trapping; Tibetan Plateau; alpine ecosystem | ||||
| Abstract | Population-based studies on snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are of theoretical and practical sig- nificance for the conservation of alpine ecosystems, though geographic remoteness and isolation hinder surveys in many promising regions. The Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Tibetan Plateau is acknowledged as a main snow leopard habitat, but most of the region remains unexplored and unknown. We adopted a combined approach of route survey and camera trapping survey to explore the population density of snow leopard in the Yage Valley region of the Sanjiangyuan National Park. Results indicated that (1) large populations of blue sheep contributed to the major food supply for snow leopards, along with diverse prey species as dietary supplementations, and (2) a population density of four to six snow leopards per 100 km2 on the north bank was estimated, and nine to fourteen individuals within the valley core areas were identified. We also argue that under the potential impacts of hydropower dams, this valley ecosystem should be symbolized as a conservation hotspot and therefore merits prioritized conservation. We recommend further surveys combined with novel methods/techniques and advocate a sustainable ecotourism model for the first V-shaped valley along the Yangtze mainstream. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1619 | |||
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| Author | Schaller, G.B.; Jurang, R.; Mingjiang, Q. | ||||
| Title | Status of snow leopard (Panthera-uncia) in Qinghai-Province and Gansu Province-China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication |
Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 179-194 |
| Keywords | status; population; China; Qinhai-province; Gansu-province; conservation; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; prey; ungulates; blue-sheep; marmot; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; qinhai province; qinhai; province; gansu province; gansu; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 860 | ||||
| Abstract | The status and distribution of the snow leopard Panthera uncia was investigated in two provinces of China. The cats occur over about 65,000km2 or 9% of the Qinghai Province, and in a few places along the western edge of Gansu Province. In many areas the animals have in recent decades been decimated or locally eradicated, as have their prey. Counts of wild ungulates in 9 mountain block, totalling 1375km2, known for abundant wildlife, had an average of 1.4-5.4 animals km2, principally blue sheep Psuedois nayaur, which together with marmot Marmota himalayana, represent the snow leopards main prey. Possibly 650 snow leopards survive in Qinghai but shooting and trapping of this legally protected animal and the hunting of blue sheep for local consumtion and export threaten their existence. | ||||
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| Notes | Publisher:ELSEVIER SCI LTD, OXFORD | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 113 | Serial | 867 | ||
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| Author | Rode, J., Pelletier, A., Fumey, J., Rode, S., Cabanat, A. L., Ouvrard, A., Chaix, B., White, B., Harnden, M., Xuan, N. T., Vereshagin, A., Casane, D. | ||||
| Title | Diachronic monitoring of snow leopards at Sarychat-Ertash State Reserve (Kyrgyzstan) through scat genotyping: a pilot study | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
bioRxiv | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-21 | ||
| Keywords | snow leopard, noninvasive genotyping, population dynamics, microsatellite, relatedness, diachronic monitoring, citizen science, Central Asia | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are a keystone species of Central Asia’s high mountain ecosystem. The species is listed as vulnerable and is elusive, preventing accurate population assessments that could inform conservation actions. Non-invasive genetic monitoring conducted by citizen scientists offers avenues to provide key data on this species that would otherwise be inaccessible. From 2011 to 2015, OSI-Panthera citizen science expeditions tracked signs of presence of snow leopards along transects in the main valleys and crests of the Sarychat-Ertash State Reserve (Kyrgyzstan). Scat samples were genotyped at seven autosomal microsatellite loci and at a X/Y locus for sex identification, which allowed estimating a minimum of 11 individuals present in the reserve from 2011 to 2015. The genetic recapture of 7 of these individuals enabled diachronic monitoring, providing indications of individuals’ movements throughout the reserve. We found putative family relationships between several individuals. Our results demonstrate the potential of this citizen science program to get a precise description of a snow leopard population through time. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1602 | |||
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| Author | Sharma, R. K., Sharma, K., Borchers, D., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Suryawanshi, K. S., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Spatial variation in population-density, movement and detectability of snow leopards in 2 a multiple use landscape in Spiti Valley, Trans-Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication |
bioRxiv | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Co-existence; land sharing; population-density; spatial capture recapture; Pseudois nayaur Capra sibirica; ungulates; livestock. | ||||
| Abstract | The endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia occurs in human use landscapes in the mountains of South and Central Asia. Conservationists generally agree that snow leopards must be conserved through a land-sharing approach, rather than land-sparing in the form of strictly protected areas. Effective conservation through land-sharing requires a good understanding of how snow leopards respond to human use of the landscape. Snow leopard density is expected to show spatial variation within a landscape because of variation in the intensity of human use and the quality of habitat. However, snow leopards have been difficult to enumerate and monitor. Variation in the density of snow leopards remains undocumented, and the impact of human use on their populations is poorly understood. We examined spatial variation in snow leopard density in Spiti Valley, an important snow leopard landscape in India, via spatially explicit capture recapture analysis of camera trap data. We camera trapped an area encompassing a minimum convex polygon of 953 km . We estimated an overall density of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.39-0.73) adult snow leopards per 100 km . Using AIC, our best model showed the density of snow leopards to depend on wild prey density, movement about activity centres to depend on altitude, and the expected number of encounters at the activity centre to depend on topography. Models that also used livestock biomass as a density covariate ranked second, but the effect of livestock was weak. Our results highlight the importance of maintaining high density pockets of wild prey populations in multiple use landscapes to enhance snow leopard conservation. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1620 | |||
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| Author | Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. | ||||
| Title | Wolves in the Transhimalayan region of India: The continued survival of a low-density population | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication |
Canadian Circumpolar Institute Occasional Publication No.35; Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | Pages | 95-103 | |
| Keywords | Competition; Population-Density; Tibetan-Wolf; Transhimalayan-Region; Wildlife-Management; browse; population; density; tibetan; wolf; wildlife; management; transhimalayan; region; 710 | ||||
| Abstract | Canadian Cirumpolar Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada/Second North American Symposium on Wolves, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 25-27, 1992 | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 272 | Serial | 306 | ||
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| Author | McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O. | ||||
| Title | Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication |
Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Autumn | Issue | 53 | Pages | 15-19 |
| Keywords | snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1151 | ||
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