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	Author	Suryawanshi, Kulbhushan. R
	Title	Standardizing the double-observer survey method for estimating mountain ungulate prey of the endangered snow leopard			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Oecelogia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	December	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Mountain ungulates around the world have been threatened by illegal hunting, habitat modification, increased livestock grazing, disease and development. Mountain ungulates play an important functional role in grasslands as primary consumers and as prey for wild carnivores, and monitoring of their populations is important for conservation purposes. However, most of the several currently available methods of estimating wild ungulate abundance are either difficult to implement or too expensive for mountainous terrain. A rigorous method of sampling ungulate abundance in mountainous areas that can allow for some measure of sampling error is therefore much needed. To this end, we used a combination of field data and computer simulations to test the critical assumptions associated with double-observer technique based on capture-recapture theory. The technique was modified and adapted to estimate the populations of bharal (Pseudois nayaur) and ibex (Capra sibirica) at five different sites. Conducting the two double-observer surveys simultaneously led to underestimation of the population by 15%. We therefore recommend separating the surveys in space or time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1376
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	Author	Mazoomdaar, J.
	Title	Cat Among the People			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Open	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	8 August	Pages	40-45
	Keywords	snow leopard, India, Bhatnagar, Chundawat, Nature Conservation Foundation, Hemis, Kibber, Himmel
	Abstract
	Address	www.openthemagazine.com
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	http://openthemagazine.com/article/nation/cat-among-the-people			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1358
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	Author	Chalise, M.K.
	Title	Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia), Prey Species and Outreach in Langtang National, Park, Nepal			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Our Nature	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	9	Pages	138-145
	Keywords	Snow leopard, Langtang, prey species, threats, outreach.
	Abstract	Presence of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) in Langtang National Park was obscure till 2003. It was confirmed by a research team trained for the wildlife biology in the field. Along with the study of ecology and behavior of snow leopard sufficient effort were made to generate data on pre species. The study also dealt with threat perceived for the leopard survival while basic unit of conservation- local outreach programs were also initiated.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1388
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	Author	Kinoshita, K., Inada, S., Seki, K., Sasaki, A., Hama, N., Kusunoki, H.
	Title	Long-Term Monitoring of Fecal Steroid Hormones in Female Snow Leopards (Panthera uncia) during Pregnancy or Pseudopregnancy			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	PLoS ONE	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	5	Pages	e19314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019314
	Keywords
	Abstract	Knowledge of the basic reproductive physiology of snow leopards is required urgently in order to develop a suitable management conditions under captivity. In this study, the long-term monitoring of concentrations of three steroid hormones in fecal matter of three female snow leopards was performed using enzyme immunoassays: (1) estradiol-17β, (2) progesterone and (3) cortisol metabolite. Two of the female animals were housed with a male during the winter breeding season, and copulated around the day the estradiol-17β metabolite peaked subsequently becoming pregnant. The other female was treated in two different ways: (1) first housed with a male in all year round and then (2) in the winter season only. She did not mate with him on the first occasion, but did so latter around when estradiol-17β metabolite peaked, and became pseudopregnant. During pregnancy, progesterone metabolite concentrations increased for 92 or 94 days, with this period being approximately twice as long as in the pseudopregnant case (31, 42, 49 and 53 days). The levels of cortisol metabolite in the pseudopregnant female (1.35 µg/g) were significantly higher than in the pregnant females (0.33 and 0.24 µg/g) (P<0.05). Similarly, during the breeding season, the levels of estradiol-17β metabolite in the pseudopregnant female (2.18 µg/g) were significantly higher than those in the pregnant females (0.81 and 0.85 µg/g) (P<0.05). Unlike cortisol the average levels of estradiol-17β during the breeding season were independent of reproductive success. The hormone levels may also be related to housing conditions and the resulting reproductive success in female leopards. The female housed with a male during the non-breeding season had high levels of cortisol metabolites and low levels of estradiol-17β in the breeding season, and failed to become pregnant. This indicates that housing conditions in snow leopards may be an important factor for normal endocrine secretion and resulting breeding success.
	Address
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	Publisher	Texas A & M University	Place of Publication	United States of America	Editor	Sharon Gursky-Doyen
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes	PLoS ONE 6(5): e19314. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019314			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1317
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	Author	Dickman, A., Macdonald, E., Macdonald, D.
	Title	A review of financial instruments to pay for predator conservation and encourage human–carnivore coexistence			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	PNAS	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	108	Issue	34	Pages	13937–13944
	Keywords	human-carnivore conflict, payments for ecosystem services
	Abstract	One of the greatest challenges in biodiversity conservation today is how to facilitate protection of species that are highly valued at a global scale but have little or even negative value at a local scale. Imperiled species such as large predators can impose significant economic costs at a local level, often in poverty-stricken rural areas where households are least able to tolerate such costs, and impede efforts of local people, especially traditional pastoralists, to escape from poverty. Furthermore, the costs and benefits involved in predator conservation often include diverse dimensions, which are hard to quantify and nearly impossible to reconcile with one another. The best chance of effective conservation relies upon translating the global value of carnivores into tangible local benefits large enough to drive conservation “on the ground.” Although human–carnivore coexistence involves significant noneconomic values, providing financial incentives to those affected negatively by carnivore presence is a common strategy for encouraging such coexistence, and this can also have important benefits in terms of reducing poverty. Here, we provide a critical overview of such financial instruments, which we term “payments to encourage coexistence”; assess the pitfalls and potentials of these methods, particularly compensation and insurance, revenuesharing, and conservation payments; and discuss how existing strategies of payment to encourage coexistence could be combined to facilitate carnivore conservation and alleviate local poverty.
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	Notes	http://www.pnas.org/content/108/34/13937			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1362
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	Author	Sharma, K., McCarthy, T.
	Title	Counting cats: toward a framework for evaluating snow leopard (Panthera uncia) conservation efforts			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2011	Publication	Poster	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	March	Pages
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Notes	Poster presented at Zoos and Aquariums Committing to Conservation Conference, Seattle, WA March 2011			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1325
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	Author	Padmanabhan, S.
	Title	Rinchen Wangchuk – (1969-2011)			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Sanctuary Asia	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	On March 26, 2011, the world of conservation became poorer by the passing away of Rinchen Wangchuk, the Founder and Director of the Snow Leopard Conservancy-India Trust (SLC-IT) in Leh. Rinchen had been ill for the past three years, having been diagnosed with a deteriorating neurological condition for which traditional medical systems and allopathy have no cure yet. Over the past decade, Rinchen, affectionately referred to as the “snow leopard man” by friends, had played a pivotal role in Ladakh, having initiated one of the most successful community-based initiatives that had changed local people’s perceptions of predators like the snow leopard and Tibetan wolf from “pests” to a valued asset.
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	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1330
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	Author	Johansson, Torbjorn, A. Johansson, Orjan. McCarthy, Tom
	Title	An Automatic VHF Transmitter Monitoring System for Wildlife Research			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Wildlife Society Bulletin	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9999	Issue		Pages	1-5
	Keywords	automatic system, monitoring, pulse detection, trap-site transmitter, VHF transmitter monitoring
	Abstract	We describe an automated system for monitoring multiple very high frequency (VHF) transmitters, which are commonly employed in wildlife studies. The system consists of a microprocessor-controlled radio-frequency monitor equipped with advanced signal-processing capabilities that communicates with, and relays information to, a user interface unit at a different location. the system was designed for a capture-and-release snow leopard (Panthera uncia) study in Mongolia, where checking trap-site transmitters manually entailed climbing a hill with telemetry equipment several times each day and night. Here, it monitors the trap-site transmitters and actively produces an alarm when any of the traps have been triggered, or if the system has lost contact with any trap-transmitter. The automated system allowed us to constantly monitor transmitters from a research camp, and alerted us each time a trap was triggered. The system has been field-tested for 83 days from mid-September 2010 to mid-december 2010 in the Tost mountain range on the edge of Mongolia's Gobi desert. During this time, the system performed reliably, responding correctly to 45 manually generated alarms and 9 animal captures. The system considerably shortens the time the captured animals spend in traps, and also mitigates the need for manual trap-site transmitter monitoring, greatly reducing risk to the animal and the human effort involved.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1379
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	Author	Johansson, Torbjorn, A. Johansson, Orjan. McCarthy, Tom
	Title	An Automatic VHF Transmitter Monitoring System for Wildlife Research			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Wildlife Society Bulletin	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue	(4)	Pages	489-493
	Keywords
	Abstract	We describe an automated system for Monitoring multiple very high frequency (VHF) transmitters, which are commonly employed in wildlife studies. The system consists of a microprocessor-controlled radio-frequency monitor equipped with advanced signal-processing capabilities that communicates with, and release snow leopard (Panthera uncia) study in Mongolia, where checking trap-site transmitters manually entailed climbing a hill with telemetry equipment several times each day and night. Here, it monitors the trap site transmitters and actively produces an alarm when any of the traps have been triggered, or if the system has lost contact with any trap-transmitter. The automated system allowed us to constantly monitor transmitters from a research camp, and alerted us each time a trap was triggered. The sys ten has been field-tested for 83 days from mid-September 2010 to mid- December 2010 in the Tost mountain range on the edge of Mongolia's Gobi desert. During this time, the system performed reliably, responding correctly to 45 manually generated alarms and 9 animal captures. The system considerably sorters the time the captured animals spend in traps, and also mitigates the need for manual trap-site transmitter monitoring, greatly reducing risk to the animal and the human effort involved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rakhee @			Serial	1382
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