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	Author	Kovshar A.F.
	Title	A problem of conservation of rare and endangered vertebrate animals in the mountains of southeast Kazakhstan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1982	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	56-58
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Red Data book; protected areas; snow leopard.; 7390; Russian
	Abstract	Of 27 vertebrate animal species inhabiting the mountains of southeastern Kazakhstan and included in the Red Data Book of the USSR (1978) and Red Data Book of Kazakhstan (1978), 11 are mammals (free-toiled bat, Menzbier's marmot, dhole, Tien Shan brown bear, stone marten, otter, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, manul, and argali). Snow leopard is met in the nature reserves Aksu Jabagly and Almaty. In the Almaty nature reserve snow leopard migrates outside the protected area following the ungulates. The extension of the nature reserve would improve the protection.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union Symposium “Mountainous geosystems of intracontinental deserts and semi-deserts”.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 717			Serial	585
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	Author	Kovshar A.F.
	Title	Snow leopard. Uncia uncia			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1985	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	85-86
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; snow leopard; distribution; diet; wild ibex; argali; number; breeding; poaching; over livestock; nature reserves.; 7400; Russian
	Abstract	In the Soviet Union snow leopard inhabits highlands of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Altai and the Sayans. In Kazakhstan, this species can be found in Jungara Alatau, Tien Shan, Tarbagatai, Saura, and Altai; formerly was seen at the Karatau ridge. It mostly preys on ibex and argali. The heat time is February April, cubs are born in May June. Its population has decrease because of the initiation of livestock grazing on mountain pastures, poaching, and wild ungulates population shrinkage. This species is protected in Aksu Jabagly and Almaty nature reserves. More nature reserves need to be established in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: In the world of rare animals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 718			Serial	584
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	Author	Kovshar A.F.
	Title	About representativeness of terrain vertebrate fauna in the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve for the whole West Tien Shan region			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2001	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.8.	Issue		Pages	97-99
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Aksu Jabagly nature reserve; mammals; endangered species; snow leopard.; 7380; Russian
	Abstract	Mammals inhabiting the Aksu Jabagly nature reserve make up 79.6 percent of the whole mammal fauna of the West Tien Shan. The following endangered species live in the area: argali, brown bear, dhole, Turkistan lynx, snow leopard, stone marten, porcupine, and free-toiled bat. Snow leopard deserves a special attention.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Biological diversity of the West Tien Shan (the Kazakhstan part). Proceedings of the Aksu Jabagly state nature reserve.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 716			Serial	583
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	Author	Kovshar A.F.
	Title	The conservation of gene pool of rare and endangered animal species in nature reserves of the Kazakh SSR			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1984	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	5-7
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; endangered species; distribution; protected areas.; 7370; Russian
	Abstract	Five endangered predatory mammal species are protected in nature reserves of Kazakhstan. Of which snow leopard and stone marten can be met in all mountain nature reserves, while Tien Shan bear and Turkistan lynx in the Alma-Ata and Aksu-Djabagly nature reserves.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Study and protection of wildlife objects.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 715			Serial	582
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	Author	Yazan Yu.P.
	Title	The Almaty state nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1980	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	162-164
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; establishment; climate; physiographic factors; plants; Animals; insects; reptiles; birds; mammals; snow leopard.; 8590; Russian
	Abstract	History of the Alma-Ata nature reserve establishment, its location physical and geographic data, climate, and vegetation zones are described. Fauna of the protected area is represented by 64 mammal species, and about 200 bird species. Briefly described are behavioural patterns of roe deer, moral, wild boar, Siberian ibex, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, and marten, and other mammals of the mountainous area.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 836			Serial	1058
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	Author	Riddell, M.
	Title	Newcastle University’s Snow leopard Research Expedition Report: Kazakhstan 2004			Type	Report
	Year	2004	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-96
	Keywords	Kazakhstan, Dzhungarian,
	Abstract	This Newcastle University Expedition reviewed the conflict between man and snow leopard in the region east of Tekeli in the Dzhungarian Alatau range, Kazakhstan. After the soviet state breakup in 1991 snow leopards in Kazakhstan and in the other Asian republics were subjected to high levels of persecution. There are thought to be between 180-200 snow leopards in Kazakhstan, of which 37-40 individuals inhabit the Dzhungarian Mountains. No work has been done previously to review the present snow leopard-human conflicts in this region, and this project looked to update previous reports from Central Asia about predominant conflicts in these regions. The expedition team worked with the Institute of Zoology in Kazakhstan and two of the six person team were Kazakh students. Methods comparable to those used in previous studies were used to map and rank the threats in the western area of the range, over an eight week period. The expedition team lived in the mountains for periods of two-three weeks, carrying all their food and equipment and using local vehicles, horses and trekking to move from pasture to pasture. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and prey counts were used to assess snow leopard-human conflicts including poaching of snow leopard, poaching of leopard wild prey, human disturbance and livestock overgrazing. The results from the report support much previous work from Kazakhstan and other areas in Central Asia, but serve as a useful update shedding light on an optimistic future for snow leopard conservation while highlighting what the expedition team perceives to be the major threats to snow leopards. The threats to snow leopards, in order of relevance from most to least, are loss of prey predominantly through hunting by local people (both legal and illegal), direct hunting of snow leopard for pelt/medicine, disturbance by herders on the pastures, snow leopard habitat fragmentation around the mountain bases, and least importantly overgrazing by domestic livestock. Retaliatory kills by herders are not a threat in the region and on livestock were killed by snow leopards. Levels of all hunting, legal and illegal, need to be reduced in the range until wildlife populations have recovered significantly from the mid-1990’s over-hunting period. Levels of rural corruption among many stakeholders were high around the mountain region, and are thought to contribute negatively to wildlife conservation in the area. Ecotourism in the area, that incorporates local people around the mountain region, is proposed as a solution to offer local people’s incentives to lower hunting levels.
	Address	Upper Chesthill Cottage, Glen Lyon, Aberfeldy, Perthshire, PH15 2NH, Scotland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Newcastle University	Place of Publication	Scotland	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1136
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	Author	Zinchenko Yu.K.
	Title	About characteristic of mammal fauna in the Markakol nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1989	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Part. II.	Issue		Pages	39-41
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Markakol nature reserve; mammals; snow leopard.; 8830; Russian
	Abstract	50 mammal species permanently live in the nature reserve. There penetrate snow leopard, wolf, corsac, and wild boar on a relatively regular basis. Moral, roe deer, and elk migrate outside the Markakol depression in winter. Though mentioned in literature as species inhabiting the nature reserve, beaver, stone marten, and dhole are not met there today.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceedings of All-Union conference on cadastre and fauna counts.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 860			Serial	1091
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Snow leopard in the Almaty nature reserve. Short messages about snow leopards			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	51-54
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; snow leopard; preys; ungulates; rodents; ibex; number.; 8790; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopard is a common species for the Almaty nature reserve due to numerous wild ungulates, particularly ibexes (about 600 ibexes at a density of 32 animals per 1,000 ha) inhabiting the area. According to the data of 1982 there were 0.5 footprints of snow leopard per 10 km of transect. The remains of ibex, roe deer, squirrel, gray vole mouse and birds were found in faeces of snow leopards. Snow leopard attacks their prey unexpectedly, being in wait for it in such places where prey is difficult to escape from. When hunt is successful the prey is killed almost instantly. Snow leopard feeds upon the same prey for several days.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 856			Serial	1088
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	Ecology and behavior of the Snow leopard in Kazakhstan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2002	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	N 1-4.	Issue		Pages	184-199
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; distribution; number; density; population size; habitats; marking; Migration; diet; prey species; hunting; faeces; Sex; Age; population dynamics; reproductive activity; competitors; mortality; snow leopard.; 8810; Russian
	Abstract	The data on spreading, numbers and population density of snow leopard in Kazakhstan are given in this article. The total number of the snow leopard in Kazakhstan is evaluated in 100-110 individuals. The everywhere occurred numbers' reduction under the influence of the anthropogenic factors is observed. The snow leopard' inhabitation area varies from 20 to 120 square kilometers depending on its regions. Sex and composition of the population and its aggregative behavior are given. The dynamics of numbers and mortality are estimated.
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	Notes	Full text available in Russian.Journal Title: Selevinia. The zoological journal of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 858			Serial	1087
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	Author	Zhiryakov V.A.
	Title	The Almaty nature reserve			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	102-114
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Almaty nature reserve; location; climate; soils; flora; fauna; snow leopard; number.; 8800; Russian
	Abstract	It provides general information about the Almatya nature reserve (Kazakhstan), its physico-geographical features and description of flora and fauna. Snow leopard inhabits alpine zone and goes down as low as forest-meadow zone following ibex in winter. There are two or three families of snow leopard in the nature reserve. The population of ibex is 600 700 animals.
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	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 857			Serial	1086
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