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Johansson, O., Samelius, G., Wikberg, E, Chapron, G., Mishra, C., Low, M |
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Title |
Identification errors in camera- trap studies result in systematic population overestimation |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Scientific Reports |
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10 |
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6393 |
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1-10 |
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Abstract |
Reliable assessments of animal abundance are key for successful conservation of endangered species. For elusive animals with individually-unique markings, camera-trap surveys are a benchmark standard for estimating local and global population abundance. Central to the reliability of resulting abundance estimates is the assumption that individuals are accurately identified from photographic captures. To quantify the risk of individual misidentification and its impact on population abundance estimates we performed an experiment under controlled conditions in which 16 captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were camera-trapped on 40 occasions and eight observers independently identified individuals and recaptures. Observers misclassified 12.5% of all capture occasions, resulting in systematically inflated population abundance estimates on average by one third (mean ± SD = 35 ± 21%). Our results show that identifying individually-unique individuals from camera-trap photos may not be as reliable as previously believed, implying that elusive and endangered species could be less abundant than current estimates indicate. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1496 |
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Anonymous |
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Title |
A rare snow leopard surgery |
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Newspaper Article |
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1975 |
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Seattle Post Intelligencer |
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11 September |
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snow leopard, captive, cancer |
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SLN @ rana @ |
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1207 |
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Author |
Green, R. |
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Title |
Toxoplasmosis: Blood disease in cats can strike man as well |
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Newspaper Article |
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1977 |
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Seattle Times |
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Blood; Disease; Cats; cat |
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SLN @ rana @ 1087 |
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352 |
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Author |
Maming, R. |
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Title |
Market prices for the tissues and organs of snow leopards in China |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Selevinia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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20 |
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119-122 |
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Keywords |
trade; cases; products; prices; bazaars; snow leopards; extinction; Xinjiang |
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Abstract |
The population of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is plummeting as waterfall in
the last ten years. The illegal trade of snow leopard products is one of the fatal
factors. The biggest range and the biggest population of snow leopard both are in
China, and the largest trade is also in the country. Through questionnaires and
investigation with informants from 2002 to 2012, a lot of data were collected
through variety ways in different regions. In this paper 387 cases of snow leopard
poaching including smuggling routes, product list, price system and product usages
from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected for analysis and discussion. In
the face of rapid development in the west of China, the results showed that our
government did not try to protect the snow leopards, and the text of law was
practically useless. International organizations such as WWF, WCS, IUCN, PANTHERA,
SLT & SLN with SLSS were also powerless and helpless to stop snow leopard poaching
and trading. As a result, the fate of the snow leopard is very bad, and this is
worrying. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1395 |
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Author |
Xu, G.,MaMing, R.,Buzzard, P.,Blank, D. |
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Title |
Nature reserve in Xingjiang: a snow leopard paradise or refuge for how long? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Selevinia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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22 |
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144-149 |
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Keywords |
Snow Leopards |
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The snow leopard Uncia uncia is an endangered species, which is widely but thinly
distributed throughout its range in the mountains of Central Asia. China contains as
much as 60% of the snow leopard’s potential habitat and has the largest population
of this species. Xinjiang is the largest province in China, covering an area of 1.66
million km² or about one-sixth of the land area of China. Xinjiang is one of the
most important areas for snow leopards with much potential habitat in mountain
ranges such as the north and south Tienshan and Kunlun containing almost 30% of the
world’s snow leopard population. By the end of 2013, total 35 natural reserves have
been established in Xinjiang, and 20 of these areas have snow leopards (Ma et al,
2013). In this paper, we report on the status of snow leopards in these protected
areas and show that they play an important role in protecting snow leopards and
their habitats. Then, we discuss the many problems and challenges faced by these
protected areas. |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1423 |
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Author |
Wu, D., Maming, R., Xu, G., Zhu X., Buzzard, P. |
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Title |
Relationship between ibex and snow leopard about food chain and population density in Tian Shan |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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Selevinia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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186-190 |
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Keywords |
diet, ibex, snow leopard |
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Many studies have demonstrated that ibex (Capra sibirica) are the most frequently eaten prey of snow
leopards (Panthera uncia) in Xinjiang, the west of China. Thus, an understanding of interactions between these species may have significant management and conservation of implications for both. In this study, we provide information on ibex grouping and density over a 24 month period in the Tian Shan of Xinjiang, China. We then use ibex density to estimate the density of snow leopards. We observed ibex primarily in ewe-lamb groups (N=880), but ibex sexual segregation and grouping changed seasonally with more mixed-sex groups during the winter rut. We observed the most ibex in April 2014 and 2015 with an average of (2422 ± 119 ibex). Over the 1643 km2 study area we then estimated an ibex density of 154 ± 23 ibex /100 km2 from which we estimated a density of 1.31~2.58 snow leopards/100 km2. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1439 |
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Author |
Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Mardan |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Survey in Tumor Nature Reserve, Xingjiang |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Sichuan Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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24 |
Issue |
4 |
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608-610 |
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Keywords |
snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; nature; reserve; national; Xinjiang; China; sign; big; cat; spray; distribution; population; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; river; area; Tomur; transects; transect; scrapes; scrape; feces; areas; valley |
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Snow leopard survey was conducted in Oct-Nov 2004 at Tumor National Natural Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Because of its special living style, the snow leopard is difficult to observe by sight. Signs left by snow leopard become a good index to prove the existance of the big cat. There are mainly five kinds of signs, footprints, fectes, claw rakes and urine spray. From them we can know the distribution, probably population and habitat selection of snow leopard. This time in Tumor we investigated 5 difference places: Pochenzi in Mozat River area, Boxidun in Little Kuzbay River area, Yinyer in Tomur River area, Kurgan and Taglak in Quiong Tailan River area. 42 transects were run in this trip and a total of 57 signs found. Among them, footprints amounted to 71.9%, scrapes 21.1%, and feces 7.0%. The results showed that the big cat existed in Yinyer, Kurgan and Taglak areas and liked to select their habitat in the valley and didn't like to live in barren areas. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 873 |
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1034 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News Spring 1999 |
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Miscellaneous |
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1999 |
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Snow Leopard News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Chitrol-Gol; Pakistan; Turner-foundation-grant; zoos; cooperation; conservation; Islt; Jackson; Slims; Singh; indictator-species; prey; browse; 4400 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Chitrol Gol National Park, Pakistan Febuary 19992.ISLT Recieves Turner Foundation Grant3.ISLT and Zoos Continue Link for Conservation Success4.News and Notes5.Field Notes6.Jay Singh7.Snow Leopard Spot |
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SLN @ rana @ 428 |
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925 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News |
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Miscellaneous |
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1999 |
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Snow Leopard News |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Hongfei; Natural-Partnership-Program; conservation; education; retribution; herders; livestock; killing; indicator-species; training; workshops; NGO's; Wwf; SLC's; web-of-life-poster; browse; 4410 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents:1.ISLT Hires Snow Leopard Conservationist in China2.Six New Zoos Join Natural Partnership Program3.1999Field Conservation Program of Work4.1999 Conservation Education Program of Work |
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SLN @ rana @ 429 |
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926 |
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Author |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
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Title |
Snow Leopard News Summer/ Fall 1999 |
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Miscellaneous |
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1999 |
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Snow Leopard News |
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distribution; stutus; fur-trade; bones; medicine; conservation; enforcement; awareness; education; poaching; killing; hunting; web-of-life-poster; Slims; Nepal; field-study; Mongolia; prey; pelts; livestock; retaliatory-killing; habitat; browse; 4420 |
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Islt |
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Seattle, WA |
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Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Conservation Challenges2.Education in Action: Posters Distributed in Mongolia and Bhutan3.5th SLIMS Workshop Held in Nepal4.News and Notes5.Thoughts From a Snow Leopard6.Snow Leopard Spot |
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SLN @ rana @ 430 |
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927 |
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