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Author Green, M.
Title A check-list and some notes concerning the mammlas of the Langtang National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication (down) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society Abbreviated Journal
Volume 78 Issue 1 Pages 77-87
Keywords snow leopard, Langtang National Park, Nepal
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1227
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Author Oli, M.
Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: Prey ratio Type Miscellaneous
Year 1994 Publication (down) Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal
Volume 75 Issue Pages 998-1004
Keywords snow leopard,Panthera uncia,blue sheep,Pseudois nayaur,density,predator:prey ratio,harvest rate,livestock predation,Nepal
Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predatorprey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 105-km2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6-10.2 sheep/km2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diet of snow leopards. Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard :blue sheep ratio was 1 :1 14-1 :159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 894 Serial 741
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Author Oli, M.K.
Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: prey ratio Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication (down) Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal
Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 998-1004
Keywords Nepal; blue-sheep; prey; livestock; predation; blue; sheep; browse; 740; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; blue sheep; densities; density; predator
Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predator-prey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 10-5-km-2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km-2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6 10.2 sheep/km-2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km-2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diel of snow leopards Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard: blue sheep ratio was 1:114-1:159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.
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Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 599.05 JO Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 236 Serial 746
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Author Kachel, S. M., Karimov, K., Wirsing, A. J.
Title Predator niche overlap and partitioning and potential interactions in the mountains of Central Asia Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication (down) Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal
Volume XX(X) Issue Pages 1-11
Keywords intraguild interactions, niche partitioning, snow leopard, spatial capture–recapture, wolf
Abstract Direct and indirect interactions among predators affect predator fitness, distribution, and overall community structure. Yet, outside of experimental settings, such interactions are difficult to observe and thus poorly understood. Patterns of niche overlap among predators reflect and shape community interactions and may therefore help elucidate the nature and intensity of intraguild interactions. To better understand the coexistence of two apex predators, snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and wolves (Canis lupus), we investigated their spatial, temporal, and dietary niche overlap in summer in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan. We estimated population- level space use via spatial capture–recapture models based on noninvasive genetics and camera traps, diel activity patterns based on camera trap detections, and diet composition from prey remains in carnivore scats, from which we estimated coefficients between 0 and 1 for overlap in space, time, and diet, respectively. Snow leopards and wolves displayed moderate spatial partitioning (0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–37), but overlapping temporal (0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.90) and dietary (0.97, 95% CI: 0.80–0.99) niches. Both predators relied on seasonally abundant marmots (Marmota caudata) rather than wild ungulates, their typical primary prey, suggesting that despite patterns of overlap that were superficially conducive to exploitation competition and predator facilitation, prey were likely not a limiting factor. Therefore, prey-mediated interactions, if present, were unlikely to be a major structuring force in the ecosystem. By implication, carnivore conservation planning and monitoring in the mountains of Central Asia should more fully account for the seasonal importance of marmots in the ecosystem.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1680
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Author Ming, M., Munkhtsog, B., McCarthy, T., McCarthy, K.
Title Monitor ing of Population Density of Snow Leopard in X injiang Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication (down) Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages 79-83
Keywords Uncia uncia; snow leopard; monitoring method; trace; infrared camera; relative intensity
Abstract The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is a very rare species in China. The survey of traces of snow leopard in Kunlun, Altay and Tianshan is them a instep of the Project of Snow Leopard in X injiang supported by the International Snow Leopard Trust ( SLT) and the Xinjiang Conservation Fund (XCF). During the field survey from 2004 to 2010, the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group ( XSLG) spent about 270 days in over 20 different places, covering over 150 transects totaling nearly 190 km, and found 1- 3 traces per kilometer. The traces of snow leopard recorded include dung, odor, chains of footprints, scraping, paw nail marks, lying mark, fur, urine, bloodstain, leftover of prey corpse, roaring and others. Based on tracer image analyses, the XSLG got to know primarily scopes of the domains, distribution and relative density of the snow leopard in these areas. Then the group began to take infrared photos, conducted survey of food sources of the leopards, investigated fur market and paths of trading, and cases of killing, and carry out civil survey through questionnaire, non government organization community service and research on conflicts between grazing and wild life protection. A total of 36 infrared came ras were laid out, working a total of about 2 094 days or 50 256 hours. A total 71 rolls of film were collected and developed, includ ing 32 clear pictures of snow leopards, thus making up a shooting rate or capture rate of 1.53%. It was ascertained that in Tomur Peak area, there were 5- 8 snow leopards roaming within a range of 250 km2, forming a population density of 2��0- 3��2 per 100 km2. After compar ing the various monitoring results, the advantages and limitations of different monitoring methods have been discussed.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Chinese Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1303
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Author Maheshwari, A., Sharma, D., Sathyakumar, S.
Title Snow Leopard (Panthera Uncia) surveys in the Western Himalayas, India Type Journal Article
Year 2013 Publication (down) Journal of Ecology and Natural Environmnet Abbreviated Journal
Volume 5 Issue 10 Pages 303-309
Keywords Conflict, Himalayas, livestock depredation, prey, snow leopard, habitat, Uttarakhand.
Abstract We conducted surveys above 3000 m elevation in eight protected areas of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. These surveys provide new information on snow leopard in Uttarakhand on the basis of indirect evidence such as pugmark and scat. Snow leopard evidence (n = 13) were found between 3190 and 4115 m elevation. On an average, scats (n = 09) of snow leopard were found for every 56 km walked and pugmarks (n = 04) for every 126 km walked. Altogether, about 39% of the evidence were found on the hill-slope followed by valley floor (30%), cliff (15%) and 8% from both stream bed and scree slope. Genetic analysis of the scats identified three different individuals by using snow leopard specific primers. Snow leopard-human conflicts were assessed through questionnaire based interviews of shepherds from Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary, Askot Wildlife Sanctuary and Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve areas of Uttarakhand. Surveys revealed that livestock depredation (mule, goat and sheep) is the only cause of snow leopard-human conflicts and contributed 36% of the diet of snow leopard. Blue sheep and rodents together comprised 36.4% of the total diet. We found that 68.1% of the surveyed area was used for pastoral activities in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh and 12.3% area was under tourism, defence and developmental activities.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1401
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Author Wang, X.; Schaller, G.B.
Title Status of large mammals in Western Inner Mongolia, China Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication (down) Journal of East China Normal University (Special Issue of Zoology) Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 93-104
Keywords China; Mongolia; Inner-Mongolia; snow leopards; browse; inner; 2930
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 292 Serial 1003
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Author Janovsky, M.; Grone, A.; Ciardo, D.; Vollm, J.; Burnens, A.; Fatzer, R.; Bacciarini, L.N.
Title Phaeohyphomycosis in a Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) due to Cladophialophora bantiana Type Miscellaneous
Year 2006 Publication (down) Journal of Comparative Pathology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 134 Issue Pages 245-248
Keywords Cladophialophora bantiana; fungal infection; phaeohyphomycosis; snow leopard; spinal meningitis; Uncia uncia
Abstract Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana was diagnosed in a 5-month-old snow leopard with spastic paralysis of the hind legs and inability to defaecate or urinate. At post-mortem examination, a greenish soft mass resembling an abscess was found on one side of the epidural space at the fourth lumbar vertebral body. Histological examination revealed a purulent meningitis with myelomalacia. Dematiaceous fungal hyphae, present within the inflammatory infiltrate, were identified as C. bantiana by culture and sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. This neurotropic fungus rarely affects organs other than the brain in human beings and cats, and has been reported only occasionally in Europe. The case described suggests that phaeohyphomycosis due to C. bantiana infection may be recognized more frequently in the future and the possible involvement of organs other than the brain should be borne in mind.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 891 Serial 489
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Author Shah, K.B.
Title On a hunting pair of snow leopards in western Nepal Type Journal Article
Year 1989 Publication (down) Journal of Bombay Natural Historical Society Abbreviated Journal
Volume 86 Issue Pages 236-237
Keywords hunting; Nepal; predator; snow leopard
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Bombay Natural History Society Place of Publication Bombay, India Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 991 Serial 880
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Author Maheshwari, A., Sathyakumar, S.
Title Patterns of Livestock Depredation and Large Carnivore Conservation Implications in the Indian Trans-Himalaya Type Journal Article
Year 2020 Publication (down) Journal of Arid Environments Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 1-5
Keywords Large carnivores Livestock depredation Participatory approach Snow leopard Kargil Himalaya
Abstract Livestock is one of the major sources of livelihood for the

agro-pastoral communities in central and south Asia. Livestock

depredation by large carnivores is a wide-ranging issue that leads to

economic losses and a deviance from co-existence. We investigated the

grass root factors causing livestock depredation in Kargil, Ladakh and

tested the findings of diet analysis in validating reported livestock

depredation. Globally vulnerable snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and more

common wolf (Canis lupus) were the two main wild predators. A total of

1113 heads of livestock were reportedly killed by wolf (43.6%) followed

by unknown predators (31.4%) and snow leopard (21.5%) in the study site

from 2009 to 2012, which comes to 2.8% annual livestock losses. Scat

analysis also revealed a significant amount of livestock in the diet of

snow leopard (47%) and wolf (51%). Poor livestock husbandry practices

and traditional livestock corrals were found to be the major drivers

contributing in the livestock depredation. Based on the research

findings, we worked with the local communities to sensitize them about

wildlife conservation and extended limited support for predator proof

livestock corrals at a small scale. Eventually it helped in reducing

conflict level and conserving the globally threatened carnivores. We

conclude that a participatory approach has been successful to generate

an example in reducing large carnivore-human conflict in the west

Himalaya.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1609
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