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| Author | Oli, M.K. | ||||
| Title | Seasonal patterns in habitat use of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) in Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication  |
Mammalia | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 187-193 |
| Keywords | blue-sheep; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; conservation; prey; predator; snow leopard; blue; sheep; browse; panthera; uncia; 670 | ||||
| Abstract | Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are the main prey of the endangered snow leopard (Panthera uncia) as well as an important game species in Nepal. A knowledge of how blue sheep utilize their habitat is essential for the scientific management of the sheep and for the conservation of the snow leopard, but we only have a limited understanding of this aspect of blue sheep ecology. I studied the habitat use pattern of blue sheep by direct observation in the Anna-purna Conservation Area, Nepal where they occur sympatrically with the snow leopard. The sheep used grassland habitats more frequently during pre-parturition (spring) and post-parturition (autumn) than other habitat types, but scrub and grassland habitats were used equally frequently during the rut (winter). The sheep used smooth undulating slopes of medium steepness (<40 degrees) on southerly aspects within the elevation range of 4,200-4,600 m most frequently in all seasons, and there was no evidence of seasonal migration along the elevation gradient. When not in broken landforms (e.g., cliff, landslides), the sheep maintained proximity (less than or equal to 150 m) to such features suggesting their importance as escape cover (i.e., from predators). The use of habitat components by blue sheep appeared to be related to the distribution of foraging areas and escape cover. | ||||
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| Notes | UNIV EDINBURGH,INST CELL ANIM & POPULAT BIOL,EDINBURGH EH9 3JT,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLANDANNAPURNA CONSERVAT AREA PROJECT,KATMANDU,NEPAL /Publisher:MUSEUM NAT HIST NATURELLE, PARIS Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 289 | Serial | 751 | ||
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| Author | Stevens, A. | ||||
| Title | Rare snow leopard dies after flea bites | Type | Newspaper Article | ||
| Year | 1988 | Publication |
Los Angeles Times | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard | ||||
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| Notes | part 2, page 3 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1094 | Serial | 936 | ||
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| Author | Atzeni, L., Wang, J., Riordan, P., Shi, K., Cushman, S. A. | ||||
| Title | Landscape resistance to gene flow in a snow leopard population from Qilianshan National Park, Gansu, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Landscape Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Landscape genetics · MLPE · Gene flow · Genetic distance · Isolation by distance · Isolation by resistance · Landscape resistance · Snow leopard · Principal component analysis | ||||
| Abstract | Context: The accurate estimation of landscape resistance to movement is important for ecological understanding and conservation applications. Rigorous estimation of resistance requires validation and optimization. One approach uses genetic data for the optimization or validation of resistance models. Objectives We used a genetic dataset of snow leopards from China to evaluate how landscape genetics resistance models varied across genetic distances and spatial scales of analysis. We evaluated whether landscape genetics models were superior to models of resistance derived from habitat suitability or isolation-by-distance. Methods: We regressed genetically optimized, habitat-based, and isolation-by-distance hypotheses against genetic distances using mixed effect models. We explored all subset combinations of genetically optimized variables to find the most supported resistance scenario for each genetic distance. Results: Genetically optimized models always out-performed habitat-based and isolation-by-distance hypotheses. The choice of genetic distances influenced the apparent influence of variables, their spatial scales and their functional response shapes, producing divergent resistance scenarios. Gene flow in snow leopards was largely facilitated by areas of intermediate ruggedness at intermediate elevations corresponding to small-to-large valleys within and between the mountain ranges. Conclusions: This study highlights that landscape genetics models provide superior estimation of functional dispersal than habitat surrogates and suggests that optimization of genetic distance should be included as an optimization routine in landscape genetics, along with variables, scales, effect size and functional response shape. Furthermore, our study provides new insights on the ecological conditions that promote gene flow in snow leopards, which expands ecological knowledge, and we hope will improve conservation planning. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1720 | ||
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| Author | Feng, X., Peng, Q., Chen, Y., Li, W. | ||||
| Title | A Case Study of the Snow Leopard in Sanjiangyuan National Park Boundaries regarding Park Boundary Divergence | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication |
Land | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 813 | Pages | 1-15 |
| Keywords | boundary divergence; national park; global warming; snow leopard; Sanjiangyuan National Park | ||||
| Abstract | This paper uses remote sensing data from the Sanjiangyuan National Park (SNP) to explore the divergence between the boundaries of national parks and the distribution of natural habitats. Results are used to argue that these discrepancies evolve along with the potential impact of global warming. Using the example of the habitat change of snow leopards and the conflicts between local people and snow leopards, we reflect on the consequences of this divergence. Results show that divergence between the political boundaries and natural habitats as well as the consequent influence on the living conditions of local people are strikingly visible, and the effects of global warming on such conflicts are apparent. The authors conclude that both notions of ‘political boundaries’ and ‘natural habitats’ are expected to come together as the SNP region is spatially configured, while ‘global warming’ seems to be relevant as an essential reference when delimiting the region in the future. Finally, the proposal for the establishment of cooperative conservation areas is presented, emphasizing the role of cooperative governance in/around national parks. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1687 | ||
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| Author | Espinosa-Aviles, D.; Taylor, M.L.; Del Rocio Reyes-Montes, M.; Pe'rez-Torrez, A. | ||||
| Title | Molecular findings of disseminated histoplasmosis in two captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication |
Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 39 | Issue | Pages | 450-454 | |
| Keywords | captive; histoplasmosis; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular; snow leopard; Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | This paper reports two cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in captive snow leopards (Uncia uncia). Histoplasmosis was diagnosed based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular findings. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 907 | Serial | 268 | ||
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| Author | Kazensky, C.A.; Munson, L.; Seal, U.S. | ||||
| Title | The effects of melengestrol acetate on the ovaries of captive wild felids | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication |
Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-5 |
| Keywords | Mga; zoo; felids; contraception; Melengestrol-acetate; ovaries; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; snow leopard; browse; uncia; panthera; melengestrol; acetate; 1260; effects; study; ovarian; Ovary; captive; wild; wild felid; Wild-Felid; species; Follicle; Cats; cat; recent; Ovulation; doses; Dose; action; Progestin; Disease; veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is the most widely used contraceptive in zoo felids, but the mechanism of contraception and the pathologic effects have not been investigated. For this study, the effects of MGA on folliculogenesis were assessed, and the association of MGA with ovarian lesions was evaluated. Comparisons were made among the histopathologic findings in the ovaries from 88 captive wild felids (representing 15 species) divided into three groups: 37 currently contracepted with MGA, eight previously exposed to MGA, and 43 never contracepted. Ninety-one percent of the felids evaluated had tertiary follicles, and no differences were noted between contracepted and uncontracepted cats. Some MGA-contracepted cats also had corpora lutea indicating recent ovulation. These results indicate that folliculogenesis is not suppressed by current doses of MGA and ovulation occurred in some cats. Therefore, the contraceptive actions of MGA do not occur by suppressing folliculogenesis, and MGA-contracepted felids likely have endogenous estrogens that may confound progestin effects on the uterus. Cystic rete ovarii was the most common pathologic finding, but they were not more prevalent in MGA-contracepted cats. These findings indicate that MGA is not associated with ovarian disease, including ovarian cancer, in contrast to the uterine lesions noted in MGA-treated cats. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English. Affiliation: Taylor Veterinary Hospital, Turlock , California 95382, USA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 348 | Serial | 527 | ||
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| Author | Kinsel, M.J.; Kovarik, P.; Murnane, R.D. | ||||
| Title | Gastric spiral bacteria in small felids | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication |
Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 214-220 |
| Keywords | Gastric-spinal-bacteria; snow-leopard; medical; zoo; snow leopard; browse; gastric; spinal; bacteria; 1270 | ||||
| Abstract | Nine small cats, including one bobcat (Felis rufus), one Pallas cat (F. manul), one Canada lynx (F. lynx canadensis), two fishing cats (F. viverrina), two margays (F. wiedii), and two sand cats (F. margarita), necropsied between June 1995 and March 1997 had large numbers of gastric spiral bacteria, whereas five large cats, including one African lion (Panthera leo), two snow leopards (P. uncia), one Siberian tiger (P. tigris altaica), and one jaguar (P. onca), necropsied during the same period had none. All of the spiral organisms from the nine small cats were histologically and ultrastructurally similar. Histologically, the spiral bacteria were 5-14 mum long with five to nine coils per organism and were located both extracellularly within gastric glands and surface mucus, and intracellularly in parietal cells. Spiral bacteria in gastric mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx, one fishing cat, and the two sand cats were gram negative and had corkscrew-like to tumbling motility when viewed with phase contrast microscopy. The bacteria were 0.5-0.7 mum wide, with a periodicity of 0.65-1.1 mum in all cats. Bipolar sheathed flagella were occasionally observed, and no periplasmic fibrils were seen. The bacteria were extracellular in parietal cell canaliculi and intracellular within parietal cells. Culture of mucosal scrapings from the Canada lynx and sand cats was unsuccessful. Based on morphology, motility, and cellular tropism, the bacteria were probably Helicobacter-like organisms. Although the two margays had moderate lymphoplasmacytic gastritis, the other cats lacked or had only mild gastric lymphoid infiltrates, suggesting that these organisms are either commensals or opportunistic pathogens. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 354 | Serial | 534 | ||
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| Author | Oli, M.K. | ||||
| Title | A key for the identification of the hair of mammals of a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication |
Journal of Zoology London | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 231 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 71-93 |
| Keywords | Nepal; snow leopard; scats; Hair; diet; identification; Panthera-uncia; browse; panthera uncia; panthera; uncia; 780 | ||||
| Abstract | Analysis of prey remains in scats, particularly hairs, in widely used to study diet of mammalian predators, but identification of hair is often difficult because hair structures vary considerably both within and between species. Use of photographic reference of diagnostically important hair structures from mammals occurring in a predator's habitat has been found to be convenient for routine identification. A photographic reference key was developed for the identification of hairs of the mammals known to occur in a snow leopard (Panthera uncia) habitat in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. The key included a photographic reference of the diagnostic hair structures of nine species of wild and five species of domestic mammals. The cross-sectional appearance, shape and arrangement of medulla, the ratio of cortex to medulla, and the form and distribution of pigment in medulla and cortex were important diagnostic aids in the identification of hairs. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English Call Number: QL1 .J879 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 207 | Serial | 745 | ||
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| Author | Mishra, C.; Bagchi, S. | ||||
| Title | Living with large carnivores: predation on livestock by the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication |
Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
| Keywords | large; carnivores; carnivore; predation; livestock; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock predation by large carnivores and their retaliatory persecution by pastoralists are worldwide conservation concerns. Poor understanding of the ecological and social underpinnings of this human-wildlife conflict hampers effective conflict management programs. The endangered snow leopard Uncia uncia is involved in conflict with people across its mountainous range in South and Central Asia, where pastoralism is the predominant land use, and is widely persecuted in retaliation. We examined human-snow leopard conflict at two sites in the Spiti region of the Indian Trans-Himalaya, where livestock outnumber wild ungulates, and the conflict is acute. We quantified the snow leopard's dependence on livestock by assessing its diet in two sites that differed in the relative abundance of livestock and wild ungulates. We also surveyed the indigenous Buddhist community's attitudes towards the snow leopard in these two sites. Our results show a relatively high dependence of snow leopards on livestock. A higher proportion of the snow leopard's diet (58%) was livestock in the area with higher livestock (29.7 animals km^2) and lower wild ungulate abundance (2.1-3.1 bharal Pseudois nayaurkm^2), compared with 40% of diet in the area with relatively lower livestock (13.9km^2) and higher wild ungulate abundance (4.5-7.8 ibex Capra ibexkm^2). We found that the community experiencing greater levels of livestock losses was comparatively more tolerant towards the snow leopard. This discrepancy is explained by the presence of a conservation-incentive program at the site, and by differences in economic roles of livestock between these two communities. The former is more dependent on cash crops as a source of income while the latter is more dependent on livestock, and thereby less tolerant of the snow leopard. These data have implications for conflict management strategies. They indicate that the relative densities of livestock and wild prey may be reasonable predictors of the extent of predation by the snow leopard. However, this by itself is not an adequate measure of the intensity of conflict even in apparently similar cultural settings. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 862 | Serial | 696 | ||
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| Author | Fix, A.S.; Riordan, D.P.; Hill, H.T.; Gill, M.A.; Evans, M.B. | ||||
| Title | Feline panleukopena virus and subsequent canine-distemper virus infection in two snow leopards (Panthera uncia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1989 | Publication |
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 273-281 |
| Keywords | diagnosis; fecal; Fpv; leukemia; panleukopenia; panthera uncia; snow leopard; therapy; vaccination; veterinary; Virus; zoo | ||||
| Abstract | Two adult snow leopards (Panthera uncia), male and female, both with vaccinations current, became infected with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) at the Blank Park Zoo, Des Moines, Iowa, in late 1988. Clinical signs included weakness, hemorrhagic feces, fever, seizures, and nasal discharge. Blood analysis revealed severe lymphopenia and mild anemia. A positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for FPV on fecal contents from the male leopard confirmed the diagnosis. In spite of intensive therapy, both animals died. Necropsy of the female, which survived for 1 wk after onset of signs, revealed intestinal crypt necrosis, pulmonary consolidation, necrotizing laryngitis, and diffuse lymphoid depletion. The male leopard, which lived 3 wk after onset of illness, had similar enteric and lymphoid lesions. In addition, there was a severe interstitial pneumonia, with syncytial cells containing eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Ultrastructural characteristics of these inclusions featured tubular structures consistent with a paramyxovirus. Although repeated virus isolation attempts from the affected lung were negative, polyclonal and monoclonal fluorescent antibody tests were strongly positive for canine distemper virus (CDV). Frozen paired sera from each leopard demonstrated very high acute and convalescing titers to FPV; both animals also seroconverted to CDV, with titers in the male leopard higher than those in the female. Additional tests for toxoplasmosis, feline infectious peritonitis, feline rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia, canine parainfluenza, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were all negative. The neurologic signs present in these leopards remained unexplained, but may have been attributable to CDV infection. A feral cat trapped on zoo property had feces positive for FPV by ELISA. Although the specific contributions of FPV and CDV toward the development of this case are unknown, it is likely that initial FPV-induced immunosuppression allowed the subsequent development of CDV in these snow leopards. The likelihood that initial FPV infection came from feral cats underscores the importance of feral animal control on zoo premises. | ||||
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| Notes | Addresses:FIX AS, IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011BLANK PK ZOO,DES MOINES,IA 50315NORDEN LABS INC,LINCOLN,NE 68501NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010 Publisher:AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS, MEDIA Connective Phrase: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 147 | Serial | 277 | ||
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