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| Author | Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association | ||||
| Title | Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication  |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology | ||||
| Abstract | In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism, zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd, Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that administrative units have been increased and territories of administrative units have been diminished. There have been four provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert. Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum, Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression. Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December 16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of 1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 % of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting. Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15 USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't consider it had been right since it was natural event. However population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards correctly with low costs. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1100 | Serial | 705 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Jackson, R., Ahlborn, G.G. | ||||
| Title | Appendix: Snow leopard managment recommendations provided to HMG in: Himalayan Snow Leopard Project: Final Progress Report, Phase I. Report: 1-7. Himalayan | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-7 | ||
| Keywords | action plan, CCT, conservation, Himalaya, human wildlife conflict, hunting, livestock, local participation, local people, management/protected | ||||
| Abstract | Preliminary recommendations for the management of snow leopard and its prey are provided for the Langu Valley segment of the Shey-Pkoksundo National Park. Park-wide and country-wide conservation options and management recommendations await results of the surveys scheduled for 1987. The following management objectives are formulated: 1) Protection and ultimate restoration of all natural communities within the area 2) Special protection measures for snow leopard and musk deer (strict control of hunting and livestock grazing) 3) Secure natural resources around local villages 4) Respect traditional rights of villagers, while controlling high impact human activities 5) Secure cooperation of local people. These objectives are refined and recommendations for concrete conservation actions are made. Notes: document is a part of the Himalayan Snow Leopard Project: Final Progress Report, Phase I |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1119 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Zahler, P.; Graham, P. | ||||
| Title | War and wildlife: the Afghanistan conflict and its effects on the environment | Type | Report | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-10 | ||
| Keywords | war; wildlife; Afghanistan; conflict; effects; environment; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; trust; Islt; environmental; Organization; conservation; endangered; mountain; mountain ecosystem; mountain-ecosystem; ecosystem; approach; local; local people; people; Media; government; public; Report | ||||
| Abstract | The International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT) is a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to the conservation of the endangered snow leopard and its mountain ecosystem through a balanced approach that considers the needs of the local people and the environment. As such, we wish to stress that the ISLT does not have a position regarding the present conflict in Afghanistan. However, this organization believes that there are important repercussions regarding this conflict that have yet to be addressed in the media, within government circles, or among the public. This report documents some of these repercussions so that they may be included in the present dialog. | ||||
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| Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Seattle | Editor | |
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| Notes | ISLT special report. Peter Zahler from Wildlife Conservation Society & Peter Graham from ISLT. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 975 | Serial | 1067 | ||
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| Author | Yongsheng, L. | ||||
| Title | International hunting and the involvement of local people in Dulan, Qinghai, China | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 305-314 | ||
| Keywords | Qinghai; China; hunting; ungulates; blue-sheep; herders; herder; local; blue; sheep; browse; 3440 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 262 | Serial | 1061 | ||
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| Author | Villarrubia, C.; Jackson, R. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Conservation on a Regional Basis: Elements in Planning Protected Areas | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 253-263 | ||
| Keywords | conservation; protected-area; parks; reserves; refuge; planning; governments; local-peoples; herders; livestock; life-history; home-range; seasonal-shifts; core-areas; dispersal; habitat; ecology; fragmentation; buffers; zones; corridors; barriers; browse; protected; area; local people; local; history; home range; seasonal; shifts; core; 3540 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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| Notes | Full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 264 | Serial | 986 | ||
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| Author | Harris, R.B. | ||||
| Title | A note on snow leopards and local people in Nangqian County, Southern Qinghai Province | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication |
Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 79-84 | ||
| Keywords | China; Qinghai; attitude; local-peoples; herders; livestock; predator; prey; cub; capture; poaching; blue-sheep; Release; grazing; yaks; goats; horses; domestic; ungulates; hunting; bones; fur; pelts; coats; conservation; trapping; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; local; protected; area; peoples; 3250 | ||||
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| Publisher | Islt | Place of Publication | Usa | Editor | J.L.Fox; Jizeng, D. |
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| Notes | Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 223 | Serial | 371 | ||
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| Author | Izold, J. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopard Enterprise: a conservation project that saves an endangered species and supports needy families | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication |
Anim.Keepers' Forum | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 359-364 |
| Keywords | snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; project; endangered; endangered species; endangered-species; species; Support; union; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; wild; Iucn; Animals; Animal; tiger; extinction; former; zoo; Freeman; trust; work; cat; community-based; projects; Sle; impact; poverty; community; Mongolia; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Pakistan; 300; economic; incentives; prey; sustainable; herding; number; territory; income; training; products; wool; local; local people; people; zoos; Woodland-Park-Zoo; park; zoological; ecosystem | ||||
| Abstract | The World Conservation Union listed the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as endangered in 1974. With as few as 3,500 snow leopards left in the wild, scientists placed the snow leopard on the IUCN Red List of critically endangered species shared by animals such as the giant panda and tiger. In an effort to save the snow leopard from extinction, former zoo employee Helen Freeman founded the Snow Leopard Trust in 1981. The Snow Leopard Trust works to save this elusive cat by incorporating community-based conservation projects. One of these project Leopard Enterprise (SLE), impacts poverty stricken communities in Mongolia, Kyrgyz Republic, and Pakistan. It assists over 300 families in its conservation efforts. The economic incentives provided via SLE have led participating communities not to harm the snow leopard or its prey, and to practice sustainable herding. Since the project began in 1997, the number of snow leopards harmed around the communities' territories has dropped to near zero. Additionally, the annual income of families that utilize the benefits of SLE has increased by 25% to 40%. SLE creates this economic benefit by providing the training and equipment necessary to make desirable products from the wool of herd animals. Snow Leopard Trust then purchases these handicraft items from the local people and them globally. Zoos can expand their conservation efforts by simply offering these items in their gift shops. Woodland Park Zoo (WPZ) was the first zoological institution to sell the products, and WPZ continues to generate revenue from them. SLE is a golden opportunity for zoos to increase revenue, assist poor families, and save an endangered species and fragile ecosystem. | ||||
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| Publisher | American Association of Zoo Keepers | Place of Publication | Topeka, Kansas | Editor | |
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| Notes | Author from Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH, USA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 976 | Serial | 425 | ||
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| Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
| Title | Snow Leopards, Local People and Livestock Losses: Finding solutions using Appreciative Participatory Planning and Action (APPA) in the Markha Valley of Hemis National Park, Ladakh, October 6-26, 1999 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication |
Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | Autumn | Pages | 22-23 |
| Keywords | snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; local; local people; people; livestock; loss; using; participatory; planning; action; valley; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; Ladakh | ||||
| Abstract | Livestock depredation is emerging as a significant issue across the Himalaya, including the Hemis National Park (HNP) in Ladakh. Some consider that this protected area harbors the best snow leopard population in India, but local herders perceive the endangered snow leopard as a serious threat to their livelihood. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1018 | Serial | 463 | ||
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| Author | Murali, R., Bijoor, A., Thinley, T., Gurmet, K., Chunit, K., Tobge, R., Thuktan, T., Suryawanshi, K., Nagendra, H., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | Indigenous governance structures for maintaining an ecosystem service in an agro-pastoral community in the Indian Trans Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication |
Ecosystems and People | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 18 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 303-314 |
| Keywords | Commons; local governance; plant-harvest; rangelands; Spiti Valley | ||||
| Abstract | The majority of the global terrestrial biodiversity occurs on indigenous lands, and biodiversity decline on these lands is relatively slower. Yet, robust understanding of indigenous governance systems for biodiversity and ecosystem services remains a key knowledge gap. We used the socio-ecological systems framework to study the governance of ecosystem services (ES) by an indigenous community in the Village of Kibber in the Trans-Himalayan Mountains of India. Focusing on plant-biomass removal from communal pastures, we identified the main factors shaping local governance using in-depth focal and deliberative group discussions with community members. Notwithstanding inequities of caste and gender, we found that Kibber had a well-functioning, complex, relatively democratic and inclusive system, with all households of the village involved in decision-making related to ES governance. Robust systems of information sharing, monitoring, conflict resolution, and self-organization played an important role. We found the role of institutional memory sustained by the oracle to be critical in maintaining governance structures. Our work underscores the potential resilience and importance of indigenous systems for the governance of ecosystem services. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1692 | ||
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| Author | Murali, R., Redpath, S., Mishra, C. | ||||
| Title | The value of ecosystem services in the high altitude Spiti Valley, Indian Trans-Himalaya | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication |
Elsevier | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 28 | Pages | 115-123 | |
| Keywords | Ecosystem services, Pastoralists, Local communities, Provisioning services Economic valuation, Panthera uncia | ||||
| Abstract | The high mountain ranges of South and Central Asia are increasingly being exposed to large-scale development projects. These areas are home to traditional pastoralist communities and internationally important biodiversity including the endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia. Development projects rely on economic cost-benefit analysis, but the ecosystem services in the high Himalayas are poorly understood and are rarely accounted for. As a first step to fill this gap, we identified the main ecosystem services used by local people in the Trans-Himalayan Spiti Valley (7591 km2), a region important for conservation of snow leopards and high mountain biodiversity, and undertook an economic valuation. Stakeholders identified a range of services, though these were dominated by provisioning services identified by 90% of respondents. Only 5.4% of the respondents recognised regulatory services and 4.8% recognised cultural services. The mean economic value of provisioning services was estimated at US$ 3622 ± 149 HH1 yr1, which was 3.8 times higher than the average annual household income. Our results underscore the need to account for ecosystem services in the cost-benefit analyses of large-scale development projects in addition to assessments of their environmental and social impact. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1462 | ||
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