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Author Limbu, R. url 
  Title Snow Leopards could save Mountain Biodiversity Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1999 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 3  
  Keywords Nepal; asia; poaching; herder; livestock; fur; fur-coats; medicine; herders; bone; bones; browse; fur coats; coat; 1060  
  Abstract The woman in the picture is wrapped in a luxurious fur coat and hat. The distinctly spotted pelt is that of a snow leopard -- that elusive and endangered species found in the mountains of central and south Asia. “A coat like that would probably cost $60,000-$80,000 in a big shop,” said Dr Rodney Jackson at a presentation he made recently on the status of his favorite subject. “Fortunately, changing norms of the fashion world and increasing consumer awareness (mean that) fewer people are wearing snow leopard pelts,” noted Dr Jackson, Conservation Director of the International Snow Leopard Trust. Still, the threat of extinction persists, he warns. “The demand for fur may have gone down but the demand for bones and body parts as marketable items for use in traditional Chinese medicine has gone up.” Further, conflict with humans is rapidly becoming the single most important issue, he said.  
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  Notes Journal Title: Inter Press Service Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 370 Serial 620  
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Author Zhenhuang, S.   
  Title Economic Fauna of China Type Book Whole
  Year 1964 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords China; status; distribution; hunting; pelts; coats; bones; fur; browse; 3410  
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  Publisher Academia Sinica Press Place of Publication China Editor  
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  Notes Chinese Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 19 Serial 1077  
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Author Wajrak, A.   
  Title Snow Leopard Skins in Poland (Polowanie Na Sniezna Pantere) Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal Gazeta Wyborcza.  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Russia; Ussr; skins; furs; pelts; poaching; trade; browse; Soviet-Union; soviet union; soviet; union; 3160; information; 920; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; skin  
  Abstract Full Text: In 1991, Dr Andrzej Kruszewicz of the Institute of Ecology of the Polish Academy of Sciences saw a “quite fresh” snow leopard skin on sale by a Russian in a Warsaw market for three million Polish zlotys ($300). A few weeks later he saw another skin in a shop in the centre of Warsaw. In spring 1992, Marcin Waslawski from the Institute of Geography saw a snow leopard skin in the same market for the equivalent of $200. The seller was an Asian from a former Soviet Republic. In summer 1992, Wajrak himself saw a snow leopard skin in a hunters' shop in Warsaw and in winter saw one in the home of a Polish hunter, who said it was a gift from a Mongolian friend. In winter 1994, a student from Britain saw a Polish long coat of snow leopard skins in Bialowieza. Wajrak saw a skin in a Warsaw shop, which the owner said was 15-20 years old; he got it from a Polish diplomat who had been in Mongolia and had three snow leopard skins. The skin was priced at the equivalent of $1,000. Wajrak added that he had been told that it was possible to buy tiger skins from Russians in Poland and he was trying to find one; I have not heard from him since.  
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  Notes Information from Adam Wajrak of Gazeta Wyboracza (T: 48 2 416 920) 24/4/94. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 268 Serial 1002  
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Author Bo, W.   
  Title Snow Leopard Smuggling Aborted Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2000 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords China; hunting; poaching; trade; pelts; skins; coats; fur; bones; meat; browse; 4010  
  Abstract Full Text:

Xining, China Daily, Jan. 31--Police have detained a man for trying to smuggle two dead snow leopards, an endangered species under State protection, through the Xining Railway Station in Northwest China's Qinghai Province. Ma Deliang was stopped by police after he attempted to pass the butchered snow leopards off as beef at a shop in Sichuan Province. Ma later confessed that he bought the dead snow leopards at a local market and wanted to smuggle them to Deyang in Sichuan Province. Police also searched Ma's home and found dear heads, antlers and lynx and fox furs. Snow leopards live in highlands of altitudes between 3,000 to 6,000 metres above sea level. The population of the species has dwindled greatly since the 19th century.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 376 Serial 176  
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Author Rodenburg, W.F.   
  Title The Trade in Wild Animal Furs in Afghanistan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1977 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Afghanistan; pelts; hunting; poaching; pelt; coat; fur; skin; browse; 2480  
  Abstract Estimated that 70-80 snow leopard pelts were traded annually at the Kabul bazaar.  
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  Notes UNDP/FAO Project Field Document AFG/74/016, Kabul. Date of Copyright: 1977 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 40 Serial 826  
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Author Dexel, B. url 
  Title Snow Leopard Conservation In Kyrgyzstan: Enforcement, Education and Research Activities By the German Society for Nature Conservation (NABU) Type Conference Article
  Year 2002 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords kyrgystan; fur; traders; enforcement; conservation; Nabu; snow; leopard; strategy; illegal; trade; bones; law; education; environmental; 4920  
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  Publisher Islt Place of Publication Islt Editor  
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  Notes Title, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival Summit Place of Meeting: Seattle,WA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 478 Serial 239  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title The Snow Leopard Dilema: Will they Persist Type Conference Article
  Year 1995 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 433-441  
  Keywords asia; Uncia-uncia; conservation; snow-leopard; protection; fur; medicine; livestock; predation; habitat; uncia; snow; leopard; snow leopard; browse; 920  
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  Notes Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 Title, Monographic: 1995 AZA Regional Conference Proceedings Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 274 Serial 749  
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Author Kreuzberg-Mukhina, E.; Bikova, E.; Esipov, A. url 
  Title Regional Meeting on the Protection of Snow Leopard Type Miscellaneous
  Year Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Aksu-Jabagly; protected-area; parks; reserves; refuge; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; workshops; Nabu; Islt; irbis; Uzbekistan; Sacred-Earth-Network; Sen; Russia; conservation; habitat; poaching; bones; hunting; skins; pelts; fur; coats; medicine; trade; prey-species; status; kazakstan; protected; area; sacred; earth; network; prey; species; browse; aksu; jabagly; 3970  
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  Notes Full Text at URL: Uzbekistan Zoological Society (Participants of the workshop) Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 5 Serial 592  
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Author Manati, A.R. url 
  Title Fur trade of large cats and the question of the subspecies status of leopards in Afghanistan (Der Handel mit Fellen von Grosskatzen und die Abklärung der Unterartenfrage beim Type Book Whole
  Year 2008 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 125  
  Keywords fur trade, genetics, leopard, Panthera pardus, snow leopard, subspecies, Uncia uncia  
  Abstract Over a time of four years the bazars of Afghanistan were surveyed for furs of spotted wild cats, in particular leopards and snow leopards. In 2004 in Kabul a total of 28 furs of leopards were purchased by shopkeepers and 21 sold at an average price of 825 $. In the same year 25 furs of snow leopards were purchased and 19 sold to clients at an average price of 583 $. In 2006 at a single inspection double as many furs of leopards were found to be offered for sale in comparison to the whole year of 2004. Also prices had increased over the two years by 20 % to an average of 1037 $. Similarly the number of furs of snow leopards at 21 pieces was higher than in 2004, and the prices had increased to an average of 652 $. In 2007 investigations rendered more difficult, because the authorities had started to control the fur trade, and the results are not unequivocal. Clients were without any exception foreigners.

Surveys in 2004 in Mazar-e-Sharif, Kunduz, Takhar and Faiz Abad, in 2006 additionally in Baharak and Iskashem in the province of Badakhshan, revealed a regular trade in furs of spotted cats, however not as extensive as in Kabul. The most interesting finding was a fur of a cheetah in Mazar-e-Sharif, the first record of this species after 35 years.

From the surveys can be concluded that leopards still exist in the whole range of its distribution area in Afghanistan. However they don't allow any conclusion on the population size and its threat by hunting. In contrast to the leopard there exists a recent estimation of the population size of the snow leopard, saying that there are still 100 to 200 snow leopards living in Afghanistan. On the basis of these figures as well as the numbers of furs traded annually a Population and Habitat Viability Analysis was conducted. The result of this analysis is alarming. It has to be assumed that the snow leopard will be extinct in Afghanistan within the next ten years. To improve the protection of spotted cats in Afghanistan it needs both, a better implementation of the existing legislation as well as an awareness campaign among potential clients, i. e. foreigners living in Afghanistan.

The second part of this thesis deals with the question of subspecies of leopards in Afghanistan. Out of the 27 subspecies described four are believed to exist in Afghanistan. However, according to a molecularbiological revision of the species there occurs only one subspecies in Afghanistan, Panthera pardus saxicolor. To clarify the subspecies question various measures of furs had been taken in the bazars. The results revealed that the leopards in Afghanistan are the biggest of its species. However a further differentiation according to the area of origin within the country was not possible. Also the traditional differentiation on the basis of colours and patterns on the furs was not possible.

In contrast to the molecularbiological investigations published not only samples of zoo animals were available in this study but also samples from the wild. The own results confim that almost all leopards from Afghanistan and Iran belong to one and the same subspecies, P. p. saxicolor. Only in the most eastern part of Afghanistan, the Indian leopard, Panthera pardus fusca, can be found. The International Studbook for the Persian Leopard was analysed. The whole population derives from a few founder animals, which were imported in the midth fifties from Iran and in the late sixties from Afghanistan. To avoid inbreeding later on the Iranian and the Afghan lines were mixed. A female imported in 1968 from Kabul to Cologne is represented in each of the more than 100 today living animals.Mixing the two lines subsequently is justified by the genetic results of this study. Recently acquired animals from the Caucasus, however, should be tested genetically before integrating them into the zoo population.
 
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  Publisher University of Köln Place of Publication Germany Editor  
  Language German Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1123  
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Author Malik, M.M. url 
  Title The Current Status of Snow Leopards and Their Prey Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Pakistan Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication (up) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 11-20  
  Keywords Pakistan; predator; prey; predation; livestock; research; monitoring; park; parks; refuge; Slims; conservation; poaching; hunting; furs; pelts; ecology; behavior; law; laws; education; herder; herders; status; protected-area; browse; protected areas; protected area; area; areas; protected; 2130  
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  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ashiq  
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  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 318 Serial 641  
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