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Author Matyushkin, E.N.
Title Tracks and tracking techniques in studies of large carnivorous mammals Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication (down) Zoologichesky Zhurnal Abbreviated Journal
Volume 79 Issue (4) Pages 412-429
Keywords Lynx; Scent-Marking; Organization; population; behavior; Felidae; Forest; Russia; tracking; pug marks; scent; marking; browse; 60; Russian
Abstract In Russia, traditions of track observations and the use of tracking techniques in studying the ecology and behavior of mammals were founded by A.N. Formozov. An analytic review of his data on large carnivorous mammals (tiger, snow leopard, wolf, brown bear, wolverine, and others) is given. A special detailed observation of animals' tracks as a source of information on their life is shown only to start. The efficiency of track observations in various fields of studies, including counting animals, is estimated. The values of day and night distances for various animal species, given in literature, have never been properly substantiated methodically. The tracking method is the most effective in studying the use of the home range by animals, drawing the network of their movements and scent-marking behavior. The hunting behavior of large predators in dense forests is can only be deduced by observing their tracks. In some cases, the use of tracking has a distinct advantage over radio tracking. The main propositions are illustrated by the materials of the author obtained in various Russian regions (in forests of the northern Russian Plain and southern Far east) for 1958-1998.
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Notes Document Type: Russian Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 391 Serial 652
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Author Maier, F.
Title Tracking the snow cat of Ice Mountain Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication (down) Wildlife Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 101 Issue 3 Pages 36
Keywords Eugene-Koshkarev; tracking; radio-collars; status; population; herder; trapping; predator; prey; hunting; Russia; herders; browse; Eugene; Koshkarev; radio; collar; collars; 1080
Abstract Snow leopard preservation efforts by Russian biologist Eugene Koshkarev are hampered by the lack of technology and the attitudes of the local population. Without access to radio-collars until recently, the biologists have had to use low-tech research methods such as field observation. The chabani, or semi-nomadic herders of Central Asia, fear the leopards as predators and set traps. Local governments also allow hunting
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 347 Serial 635
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Author Ahmad, S., Rehman, E. U., Ali, H., Din, N., Haider, J., Din, J. U., Nawaz, M. A.
Title Density Pattern of Flare-Horned Markhor (Capra falconeri) in Northern Pakistan Type Journal Article
Year 2022 Publication (down) Sustainability Abbreviated Journal
Volume 14 Issue 9567 Pages 1-13
Keywords markhor; Capra falconeri; Gilgit-Baltistan; Karakoram; population; double-observer; CGNP
Abstract Wild ungulates play vital roles in maintaining a balanced ecosystem through herbivory and are also an important determinant of carnivores’ density. The flare-horned markhor (Capra falconeri) is a threatened wild goat distributed across the mountain ranges of Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The remote terrain and fragmented population limit our understanding of the population ecology of markhor, though knowledge of the target species population is vital for making informed management decisions. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the markhor population across their range in Northern Pakistan and to evaluate the efforts made by the government and non-government organizations for the conservation of markhor. Double-observer surveys were conducted during 2019–2021 in nine major watersheds of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan covering an area of 4664 km2. Secondary data were collected for unassessed areas to gain a holistic overview of the markhor population and density in the region. Results revealed a markhor population of 7579, with a density of 0.30 animals per km2 in Northern Pakistan. Our analysis of the double-observer data through the Bayesian behavioral capture–recapture model estimated a population of 5993 individuals (95% CI) of markhor across

nine study sites, with a density of 1.28 animals per km . A review of secondary data revealed that

a population of about 1586 was present in the un-surveyed area (20,033.33 km2), with a density

of 0.08 per km . A total of 146 groups of markhor were counted, with a mean group size of 23

(3–58) individuals. There were 109 males and 108 young per 100 females in the population. Among 1936 recorded males, Class I males accounted for 27.74%, followed by Class II (26.45%), Class IV (trophy-size) (23.40%), and Class III (22.42%). The overall detection probability was recorded as 0.87 and 0.68 for the first observer and second observer, respectively. Compared with the past reports, the population of markhor in Northern Pakistan appears to be increasing, particularly in protected areas (PAs) such as national parks and community-controlled hunting areas (CCHAs). Conservation programs, notably trophy hunting and PA networks, appear to be vital in sustaining markhor populations in parts of the species range. We recommend expansion in such programs in the markhor range in order to maintain a viable population of this majestic wild goat in the region.
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Call Number SLN @ rakhee @ Serial 1695
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Author Kosharev, E.P.
Title Excerpts from “The snow leopard in Kirgizia” Type Magazine Article
Year 1990 Publication (down) Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 7-8
Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; population
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Translation by Kathleen Braden from Chapter 3, “Distribution and population of snow leopard in Kirgizia” from the following book: “The Snow Leopard of Kirgizia” by E.P. Kosharev, published in 1989 by Ilum Publishers. Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 968 Serial 552
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Author Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L.
Title Report on Fifth Slims Training Workshop (Nepal) Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication (down) Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume xvii Issue Pages 6-15
Keywords Slims; Nepal; training; techniques; Gps; field-work; surveys; Tibet; habitat; China; hunting; poaching; livestock; population; Shey-Phoksundo; parks; protected-area; reserves; annapurna; Dhorpatan; Manaslu; Sagarmatha; Langtang; Islt; Wwf; Hmg; Dnpwc; browse; 4460
Abstract Nepal's snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are mostly found along the northern border with Tibet (China). The largest populations are in Dolpa, Mugu, Manang, and Myagdi Districts. Potential habitat totals about 30,000 square kilometers. Numbers are estimated at 300-500, but surveys are urgently needed to confirm this rough guess. Like elsewhere, the primary threats center on poaching, depletion of natural prey, livestock depredation and resultant retributive killing of snow leopards by herders, and the lack of public awareness and support for conserving snow leoaprds, especially among local herders.
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 434 Serial 466
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Author Jackson, R.
Title Snow Leopards and Other Wildlife in the Qomolang,a Nature Preserve of Tibet Type Miscellaneous
Year 1991 Publication (down) Snow Line Abbreviated Journal
Volume ix Issue Pages 9-12
Keywords animal-husbandry; annapurna; bounties; China; depradation; interviews; poaching; population; research; status; survey
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Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication Seattle Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 463 Serial 448
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopard News Spring 2000 Type Miscellaneous
Year 2000 Publication (down) Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Rutherford; Freeman; Morse; Jackson; Hillard; Natural-Partnerships-Program; Pakistan; Islt; Slims; training; Chitrol-Gol; parks; preserves; reserves; protected-areas; surveys; Hemis; Conflict-Resolution-Workshop; conflict; herders; leh; Jammu; Kashmir; Ladakh; corrals; predator; prey; livestock; depradation; human-wildlife-conflict; Uzbekistan; Gissar; Peace-Corps; Mongolia; Macne; fiction; populations; browse; 4390
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, Wa Editor
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Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Transitions at the Trust2.Message From ISLT Founder Helen Freeman and President Charles Morse3.Jakson and Hillard to Leave ISLT for New Pursuits4. News and Notes5. ISLT's Natural Partnerships Program6.Thoughts from a Snow Leopard7. Snow Leopards, Local People,and Livestock losses: Solutions through Paticipation8.U.S. Peace Corps and ISLT Team Up in Mongolia Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 427 Serial 930
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Author International Snow Leopard Trust
Title Snow Leopard News Spring 2001 Type Miscellaneous
Year 2001 Publication (down) Snow Leopard News Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Annual-Appeals-Fund; conservation-programs; populations; Kyrgyz-Republic; Soviet-Union; China; India; Mongolia; Pakistan; Charudutt; incentive; Woodland-Park-Zoo; cub; Death; veterinary; medicine; Bayarjargal; raffle; Dorothy-McLean; volunteers; poaching; hunting; pelts; furs; bones; herders; killing; livestock; browse; 4360
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Publisher Islt Place of Publication Seattle, WA Editor
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Notes Full Text at URLTable of Contents1.Programs to Expand Thanks to Annual Appeal Funds2.Zoo and ISLT Mark Passing of Snow Leopard Cub3.Irbis Enterprises National Coordinator Visits Seattle4.A Raffle for the Snow Leopard5.Stock Gifts to ISLT6.ISLT Wants You7.Situation Worsens in Kyrgyz Republic8.ISLT Wish List Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 424 Serial 934
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Author Xu, F.; Ming, M.; Yin, S.-jing; Mardan
Title Snow Leopard Survey in Tumor Nature Reserve, Xingjiang Type Miscellaneous
Year 2005 Publication (down) Sichuan Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 608-610
Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; survey; nature; reserve; national; Xinjiang; China; sign; big; cat; spray; distribution; population; habitat; Habitat selection; selection; river; area; Tomur; transects; transect; scrapes; scrape; feces; areas; valley
Abstract Snow leopard survey was conducted in Oct-Nov 2004 at Tumor National Natural Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Because of its special living style, the snow leopard is difficult to observe by sight. Signs left by snow leopard become a good index to prove the existance of the big cat. There are mainly five kinds of signs, footprints, fectes, claw rakes and urine spray. From them we can know the distribution, probably population and habitat selection of snow leopard. This time in Tumor we investigated 5 difference places: Pochenzi in Mozat River area, Boxidun in Little Kuzbay River area, Yinyer in Tomur River area, Kurgan and Taglak in Quiong Tailan River area. 42 transects were run in this trip and a total of 57 signs found. Among them, footprints amounted to 71.9%, scrapes 21.1%, and feces 7.0%. The results showed that the big cat existed in Yinyer, Kurgan and Taglak areas and liked to select their habitat in the valley and didn't like to live in barren areas.
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Call Number SLN @ rana @ 873 Serial 1034
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Author Woodroffe, R.; Ginsberg, J.R.
Title Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication (down) Science Washington D.C. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 280 Issue 5372 Pages 2126-2128
Keywords edge-effects; extinction; human-animal-conflict; mortality; population-size; protected-areas; browse; edge effects; Human; Animal; conflict; population; protected; area; 590
Abstract Theory predicts that small populations may be driven to extinction by random fluctuations in demography and loss of genetic diversity through drift. However, population size is a poor predictor of extinction in large carnivores inhabiting protected areas. Conflict with people on reserve borders is the major cause of mortality in such populations, so that border areas represent population sinks. The species most likely to disappear from small reserves are those that range widely-and are therefore most exposed to threats on reserve borders-irrespective of population size. Conservation efforts that combat only stochastic processes are therefore unlikely to avert extinction.
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Notes Document Type: English Approved no
Call Number SLN @ rana @ 351 Serial 1028
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