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| Author | Zhou, S. | ||||
| Title | On “uncia uncia” and “meng ji” in Shan Hai Jin | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 84-87 |
| Keywords | Animal; area; areas; China; Chinese; description; environment; fur; habitat; habitats; historical; meng ji; mountain; mountains; native; river; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | Meng ji is described in Shan Hui Jin (Classic of Mountains and Rivers) as a leopard-like animal adept in hiding with white fur and a patterned forehead. This article makes a comparison between “meng ji” and “uncia uncia” in terms of their shapes, fur colors, natural environments of habitats, habits, characteristics and native areas, and comes to the conclusion that “meng ji” is what we call “uncia uncia” nowadays. The description of “meng ji” in Shan Hui Jin should be the first record of Uncia uncia in the world. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in ChineseJournal Title: China Historical Materials of Science and Technology | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 869 | Serial | 1089 | ||
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| Author | Fox, J.L., Sinha, S.P., Chundawat, R.S. | ||||
| Title | Activity patterns and habitat use of ibex in the Himalaya mountains of India | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Journal of Mammology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 73 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 527-534 |
| Keywords | Capra ibex, activity patterns, habitat use, Himalaya mountains, India | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1168 | ||
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| Author | LI. J, WANG. D, YIN. H,ZHAXI. D, JIAGONG. Z,SCHALLER. G. B,MISHRA. C,MCCARTHY. T. M, WANG. H,WU. L,XIAO. L,BASANG. L,ZHANG. Y,ZHOU. Y,LU. Z | ||||
| Title | Role of Tibetan Buddhist Monasteries in Snow Leopard Conservation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Conservation Biology | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 00 | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | |
| Keywords | conservation strategy, distribution, MaxEnt, nature reserve, Panthera uncia, sacred mountain | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits the rugged mountains in 12 countries of Central Asia, including the Tibetan Plateau. Due to poaching, decreased abundance of prey, and habitat degradation, it was listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in 1972. Current conservation strategies, including nature reserves and incentive programs, have limited capacities to protect snow leopards. We investigated the role of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in snow leopard conservation in the Sanjiangyuan region in China’s Qinghai Province on the Tibetan Plateau. From 2009 to 2011, we systematically surveyed snow leopards in the Sanjiangyuan region. We used the MaxEnt model to determine the relation of their presence to environmental variables (e.g., elevation, ruggedness) and to predict snow leopard distribution. Model results showed 89,602 km2 of snow leopard habitat in the Sanjiangyuan region, of which 7674 km2 lay within Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve’s core zones. We analyzed the spatial relation between snow leopard habitat and Buddhist monasteries and found that 46% of monasteries were located in snow leopard habitat and 90% were within 5 km of snow leopard habitat. The 336 monasteries in the Sanjiangyuan region could protect more snow leopard habitat (8342 km2) through social norms and active patrols than the nature reserve’s core zones. We conducted 144 household interviews to identify local herders’ attitudes and behavior toward snow leopards and other wildlife. Most local herders claimed that they did not kill wildlife, and 42% said they did not kill wildlife because it was a sin in Buddhism. Our results indicate monasteries play an important role in snow leopard conservation. Monastery-based snow leopard conservation could be extended to other Tibetan Buddhist regions that in total would encompass about 80% of the global range of snow leopards. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1400 | ||
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| Author | Kohli, K., Sankaran, M., Suryawanshi, K. R., Mishra, C | ||||
| Title | A penny saved is a penny earned: lean season foraging strategy of an alpine ungulate | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 92 | Pages | 93-100 | |
| Keywords | blue sheep, grazing, herbivore, mountain ungulate, optimal foraging, Pseudois nayaur, trans-Himalaya | ||||
| Abstract | Lean season foraging strategies are critical for the survival of species inhabiting highly seasonal environments such as alpine regions. However, inferring foraging strategies is often difficult because of challenges associated with empirically estimating energetic costs and gains of foraging in the field. We generated qualitative predictions for the relationship between daily winter foraging time, body size and forage availability for three contrasting foraging strategies including time minimization, energy intake maximization and net energy maximization. Our model predicts that for animals employing a time minimization strategy, daily winter foraging time should not change with body size and should increase with a reduction in forage availability. For energy intake maximization, foraging time should not vary with either body size or forage availability. In contrast, for a net energy maximization strategy, foraging time should decrease with increase in body size and with a reduction in forage availability. We contrasted proportion of daily time spent foraging by bharal, Pseudois nayaur, a dimorphic grazer, across different body size classes in two high-altitude sites differing in forage availability. Our results indicate that bharal behave as net energy maximizers during winter. As predicted by the net energy maximization strategy, daily winter foraging time of bharal declined with increasing body size, and was lower in the site with low forage availability. Furthermore, as predicted by our model, foraging time declined as the winter season progressed. We did not find support for the time minimizing or energy intake maximizing strategies. Our qualitative model uses relative rather than absolute costs and gains of foraging which are often difficult to estimate in the field. It thus offers a simple way to make informed inferences regarding animal foraging strategies by contrasting estimates of daily foraging time across gradients of body size and forage availability. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1409 | ||
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| Author | Kashkarov, E. | ||||
| Title | THE SNOW LEOPARD OF KIRGIZIA: NATIONAL SHAME OR NATIONAL PRIDE | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 239-253 | ||
| Keywords | snow leopard, irbis, ibex, mountain sheep, conservation, range, reserve, monitoring, cameratrap, Sarychat, Kirgizia, Central Asia. | ||||
| Abstract | Article examines the problems existing in conservation of the snow leopard in Kirgizia after break-up of the USSR. Unfortunate situation is common to most of the 14 countries in the snow leopard range, but seems especially sharp to Kirgizia. Yet half of the century ago Kirgizia has had about 1.5 thousand of the snow leopards, and today there remains no more than 1/10. In Soviet time Kirgizia was a global supplier of the snow leopards for the zoo-export � to create a reserve number of endangered cats in captivity. Today, at least half of the snow leopards in the Zoos of the world are individuals, caught in Kirgizia or their descendants. Since independence, Kirgizia has set new records. In Sarychat-Irtash reserve � the best for the snow leopard in Central Asia, and probably in the whole range � this species was completely destroyed after 3 years of reserve opening... and 17 years later � revived... Situation comes presently back to the worst-case scenario, and not only for the snow leopard. Author shows how work in this direction social and economic levers, and what kind future he would like to see in Kirgizia, where he lived for 12 years and was at the forefront of pioneering research of the snow leopard and its conservation. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1454 | ||
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| Author | Rovero, F., Augugliaro, C., Havmoller, R. W., Groff, C., Zimmerman, F., Oberosler, V., Tenan, S. | ||||
| Title | Co-occurrence of snow leopard Panthera uncia, Siberian ibex Capra sibirica and livestock: potential relationships and effects | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-7 | ||
| Keywords | Altai mountains, camera trapping, human� wildlife conflict, Mongolia, occupancy, occurrence interactions, Siberian ibex, snow leopard | ||||
| Abstract | Understanding the impact of livestock on native wildlife is of increasing conservation relevance. For the Vulnerable snow leopard Panthera uncia, wild prey reduction, intensifying human�wildlife conflicts and retaliatory killings are severe threats potentially exacerbated by the presence of livestock. Elucidating patterns of co-occurrence of snow leopards, wild ungulate prey, and livestock, can be used to assess the compatibility of pastoralism with conservation. We used camera trapping to study the interactions of livestock, Siberian ibex Capra sibirica and snow leopards in a national park in the Altai mountains, Mongolia. We obtained  detections of wild mammals and  of domestic ungulates, dogs and humans. Snow leopards and Siberian ibex were recorded  and  times, respectively. Co-occurrence modelling showed that livestock had a higher estimated occupancy (.) than ibex, whose occupancy was lower in the presence of livestock (.) than in its absence (.�. depending on scenarios modelled). Snow leopard occupancy did not appear to be affected by the presence of livestock or ibex but the robustness of such inference was limited by uncertainty around the estimates. Although our sampling at presumed snow leopard passing sites may have led to fewer ibex detections, results indicate that livestock may displace wild ungulates, but may not directly affect the occurrence of snow leopards. Snow leopards could still be threatened by livestock, as overstocking can trigger human�carnivore conflicts and hamper the conservation of large carnivores. Further research is needed to assess the generality and strength of our results. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1465 | ||
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| Author | Zhang, C., Ma, T., Ma, D. | ||||
| Title | Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-6 | ||
| Keywords | Camera trapping, China, density, Panthera uncia, Qilian Mountains, snow leopard, spatially explicit capture–recapture | ||||
| Abstract | Population density estimation is integral to the effective conservation and management of wildlife. The snow leopard Panthera uncia is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, and reliable information on its density is a prerequisite for its conservation and management. Little is known about the status of the snow leopard in the central and eastern Qilian Mountains, China. To address this, we estimated the population density of the snow leopard using a spatially explicit capture–recapture model based on camera trapping in Machang in the central and eastern Qilian Mountains during January–March 2019. We set up 40 camera traps and recorded 84 separate snow leopard captures over 3,024 trap-days. We identified 18 individual snow leopards and estimated their density to be 2.26/100 km. Our study provides baseline information on the snow leopard and the first population estimate for the species in the central and eastern Qilian Mountains. |
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1725 | ||
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| Author | Johansson, O., Nyam, E., Lkhagvajav, P., Alexander, J. A., Samelius, G. | ||||
| Title | Predation Patterns and Hunting Behaviour of Snow Leopards: Insights from an Ibex Hunt | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Snow Leopard Reports | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 6-9 | ||
| Keywords | ambush, Capra sibirica, kill site, mountain, Panthera uncia | ||||
| Abstract | The hunting behaviours of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are poorly understood. In this note, we describe the successful hunt of an adult male ibex (Capra sibirica) by a known male snow leopard in Tost Mountains, Mongolia. The hunt started in a mountain slope close to three large boulders and progressed downhill for 115 m until it concluded at the bottom of a drainage. By comparing the habitat where the ibex was killed to the kill sites of 158 ibex and 17 argali (Ovis ammon) that were killed by GPS-collared snow leopards, we demonstrate that the majority (62%) of these kills occurred in drainages. We propose that in successful hunts, snow leopards commonly ambush from above, causing prey individuals to typically flee downhill. Thereby the prey maintain their momentum and it is not until they are slowed down upon reaching the bottom of the drainage that the snow leopards are able to subdue them. | ||||
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| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1730 | ||
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| Author | Bagchi, S.; Mishra, C.; Bhatnagar, Y. | ||||
| Title | Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Animal Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | 121-128 | |
| Keywords | conflicts; traditional pastoralism; himalayan ibex; ibex; capra sibirica; trans-himalayan mountains; pin valley national park; spiti region; non-metric multidimensional scaling; snow leopard; wolf; wild dog; Lynx; wild ass; Tibetan argali; Tibetan antelope; Tibetan gazelle; urial; bharal; Pin River; pin valley; Parahio; goat; sheep; Cattle; horses; yaks; donkeys; diet; free-ranging horses; herded horses; grazing; 5290 | ||||
| Abstract | There is recent evidence to suggest that domestic livestock deplete the density and diversity of wild herbivores in the cold deserts of the Trans-Himalaya by imposing resource limitations. To ascertain the degree and nature of threats faced by Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) from seven livestock species, we studied their resource use patterns over space, habitat and food dimensions in the pastures of Pin Valley National Park in the Spiti region of the Indian Himalaya. Species diet profiles were obtained by direct observations. We assessed the similarity in habitat use and diets of ibex and livestock using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling. We estimated the influence of the spatial distribution of livestock on habitat and diet choice of ibex by examining their co-occurrence patterns in cells overlaid on the pastures. The observed co-occurrence of ibex and livestock in cells was compared with null-models generated through Monte Carlo simulations. The results suggest that goats and sheep impose resource limitations on ibex and exclude them from certain pastures. In the remaining suitable habitat, ibex share forage with horses. Ibex remained relatively unaffected by other livestock such as yaks, donkeys and cattle. However, most livestock removed large amounts of forage from the pastures (nearly 250 kg of dry matter/day by certain species), thereby reducing forage availability for ibex. Pertinent conservation issues are discussed in the light of multiple-use of parks and current socio-economic transitions in the region, which call for integrating social and ecological feedback into management planning. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 514 | Serial | 106 | ||
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| Author | Heiz A.V. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan and its protection | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1983 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 92-93 | |
| Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; snow leopard; number; decline; mountain ungulates; livestock; hunting; propaganda; protection.; 6870; Russian | ||||
| Abstract | In the year 1970, the quantity of snow leopards in Kyrgyzstan was defined as 1,300 animals, while in the years to follow 1,600 animals were recorded. A snow leopard population has significantly decreased since recently because of intense extermination of snow leopard's prey ungulates, particularly ibex. In some areas of the Kyrgyz ridge livestock is growing in number thus affecting snow leopard population. It is extremely rare that snow leopard would attack livestock. Snow leopards can be caught under special license. Educational and awareness work among shepherds and hunters residing in the mountainous area of the country needs to be improved. | ||||
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| Notes | Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare mammal species of the USSR and their protection. | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 665 | Serial | 380 | ||
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