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Author Ale, S.B., Brown, J.S. url 
  Title Prey behavior leads to predator: a case study of the Himalayan tahr and the snow leopard in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 315-327  
  Keywords vigilance, fear, behavioral indicator, predator, prey, snow leopard, Himalayan tahr, Mount Everest  
  Abstract Rare, elusive predators offer few sightings, hindering research with small sample sizes and lack of experimentation. While predators may be elusive, their prey are more readily observed. Prey respond to the presence of a predator, and these fear responses may have population- and community-level consequences. Anti-predator behaviors, such as vigilance, allow us to sidestep the difficulty of direct field studies of large predators by studying them indirectly. Here we used a behavioral indicator, the vigilance behavior of the Himalayan tahr, the snow leopard’s main local prey, to reveal the distribution and habitat use of snow leopards in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal. We combined techniques of conventional field biology with concepts of foraging theory to study prey behavior in order to obtain insights into the predator’s ecology. The Himalayan tahr’s vigilance behavior correlates with the distribution of snow leopard signs. Tahr actually led us to six sightings of snow leopards. We conclude that behavioral indicators provided by prey offer a valuable tool for studying and monitoring stealthy and rare carnivores.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Science from Israel, a division of LPPLtd. Place of Publication (up) Israel Editor  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ Serial 1109  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. url 
  Title Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 66-74  
  Keywords India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 307 Serial 308  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Aramov, B. url 
  Title The Biology of the Snow Leopard in the Gissarsky Nature Reserve Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 108-109  
  Keywords breeding; diet; predator; prey; reserve; reserves; park; parks; refuge; livestock; marmot; goat; sheep; horse; ibex; habitat; Gissarsky; Tajikistan; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; behavior; wolves; Dogs; herder; herders; protected-area; browse; soviet; union; soviet union; 2820  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Lahore, Pakistan Editor Jackson, R. and A.A.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad. PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 302 Serial 95  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author McCarthy, T.; Munkhtsog, B. url 
  Title Preliminary Assessment of Snow Leopard Sign Surveys in Mongolia Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 57-65  
  Keywords Mongolia; Slims; field-survey; scrapes; scrape; spray; marking; habitat; gobi; status; distribution; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; sighn; surveys; survey; Gis; behavior; herder; herders; protected-area; browse; field survey; field; protected; area; 2670  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ahmad  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 320 Serial 656  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Malik, M.M. url 
  Title The Current Status of Snow Leopards and Their Prey Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Pakistan Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 11-20  
  Keywords Pakistan; predator; prey; predation; livestock; research; monitoring; park; parks; refuge; Slims; conservation; poaching; hunting; furs; pelts; ecology; behavior; law; laws; education; herder; herders; status; protected-area; browse; protected areas; protected area; area; areas; protected; 2130  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication (up) Lahore, Pakistan Editor R.Jackson; A.Ashiq  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 318 Serial 641  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pokrovski, V.S.   
  Title The Snow Leopard Large Predators Type Book Whole
  Year 1976 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Soviet-Union; Russia; Ussr; behavior; ecology; captivity; zoo; zoos; distribution; conservation; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2590  
  Abstract Detailed review of snow leopard distribution and abundance, behavior, ecology,captive population and conservation measures in the Soviet Union. Estimates a snow leopard population of 300 +/- 150.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Moscow Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 35 Serial 778  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schaller, G.B.   
  Title Stones of Silence: Journeys in the Himalaya Type Book Whole
  Year 1980 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Himalaya; Pakistan; behavior; browse; 2260  
  Abstract Anecdotal description of wildlife field studies in the Himalaya, including information on snow leopard natural history and an encounter with snow leopards in Pakistan.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Viking Press Place of Publication (up) New York Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 63 Serial 865  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hunter, D. url 
  Title Mongolian-American Snow Leopard Project Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1996 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xiv Issue Pages 4-5  
  Keywords behavior; collars; desert; gobi; home-range; Islt; Macne; McCarthy; Mongolia; Munkhtsog; radio-collars; Satellite; Slims; telemetry; Wcs  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication (up) Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 442 Serial 391  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ahlborn, G.; Jackson, R. url 
  Title Marking in Wild Snow Leopards: A preliminary assesment Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume No. 13 Issue Pages  
  Keywords estrus; estrual-cycle; reserach; behavior; scrapes; sprays; Langu-Gorge; Langu; China; browse; 4800  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Seattle Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 467 Serial 36  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dzhanyspaev, A.D. url 
  Title Hunting Behavior of the Snow Leopard at the Alma-Atinski Nature Reserve Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1991 Publication Snow Line Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume ix Issue 2 Pages 4-6  
  Keywords hunting; behavior; Ussr; Russia; stalking; browse; 4730  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher International Snow Leopard Trust Place of Publication (up) Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Translated by Marina Proutkina Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 460 Serial 249  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. url 
  Title Observation on Movements and Home Range of the Snow Leopard, (Panthera Uncia) In the Langu Gorge, West Nepal Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume No. 13 Issue Pages  
  Keywords tracking; radio-tracking; collars; behavior; home-range; Nepal; browse; 4790  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 466 Serial 440  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gruisen, J.V. url 
  Title Interaction Between Wild Dogs and Snow Leopards in Ladakh Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1993 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume xi Issue Pages 8  
  Keywords Dogs; Ladakh; India; dhole; predation; scavenging; behavior; browse; 4650  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 452 Serial 357  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hillard, D. url 
  Title Update on the Himalayan Snow Leopard Project Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1985 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume No. 8 Issue Pages  
  Keywords Nepal; Himalaya; Jackson; collars; research; telemetry; yeowls; roars; mating-call; Langu; cubs; radio; field-work; surveys; tracking; behavior; browse; 4830  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Seattle Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLJournal Title: Snow Line Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 470 Serial 383  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jackson, R.M. url 
  Title Home Range, Movements and Habitat use of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Nepal Type Book Whole
  Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 233 pp  
  Keywords Nepal; blue-sheep; predator; prey; home-range; behavior; capture; telemetry; habitat; marking; activity; movement; tracking; blue; sheep; browse; home range; home; range; 990  
  Abstract Home ranges for five radio-tagged snow leopards (Uncia uncia) inhabiting prime habitat in Nepal Himalaya varied in size from 11-37 km2. These solitary felids were crepuscular in activity, and although highly mobile, nearly 90% of all consecutive day movements involved a straight line distance of 2km or less. No seasonal difference in daily movement or home range boundry was detected. While home ranges overlapped substancially, use of common core spaces was temporally seperated, with tagged animals being located 1.9 km or more apart during the smae day. Spatial analysis indicated that 47-55% of use occured within only 6-15% of total home area. The snow leopards shared a common core use area, which was located at a major stream confuence in an area where topography, habitat and prey abundance appeared to be more favorable. A young female used her core area least, a female with two cubs to the greatest extent. the core area was marked significantly more with scrapes, Faeces and other sighn than non-core sites, suggesting that social marking plays an important role in spacing individuals. Snow leopards showed a strong preference for bedding in steep, rocky or broken terrain, on or close to a natural vegetation or landform edge. linear landform features, such as a cliff or major ridgeline, were preferred for travelling and day time resting. This behavior would tend to place a snow leopard close to its preferred prey, blue sheep (Psuedois nayaur), which uses the same habitat at night. Marking was concetrated along commonly travelled routes, particularly river bluffs, cliff ledges and well defined ridgelines bordering stream confluences--features that were most abundant within the core area. Such marking may facilitate mutual avoidance, help maintain the species' solitary social structure, and also enable a relatively high density of snow leopard, especially within high-quality habitat.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher University of London Place of Publication (up) University of London Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Date of Copyright: 1996 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 275 Serial 481  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Yanfa, L. url 
  Title The care, breeding and diseases of snow leopards in Qinghai, China Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 167-175  
  Keywords China; zoos; captivity; care; management; cages; cage; housing; behavior; reproduction; mating; courting; Pregnancy; birthing; estrus; development; medical; physiological; Disease; medicine; parasites; parasitism; respiratory; virulent; enteritis; browse; 3430  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 261 Serial 1048  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Yanfa, L. url 
  Title Snow leopard distribution, purchase locations and conservation in Qinghai Province, China Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 65-72  
  Keywords conservation; Qinghai; China; scat; spray; kills; interviews; hunting; hunters; tracks; tracking; habitat; distribution; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; behavior; collection; blue; sheep; browse; 3400  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 260 Serial 1047  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A. url 
  Title Captive Management of the Snow Leopard Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 135-148  
  Keywords zoos; captivity; captive; management; husbandry; diet; social; behavior; housing; habitat; breeding; status; distribution; parasites; vaccination; quarantine; Disease; medical; veterinary; medicine; ceasarean; hand-rearing; browse; hand rearing; hand; rearing; 3550  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 265 Serial 1017  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Tserendeleg, J. url 
  Title On Protection and Survey of Snow Leopards in Mongolia Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 43-46  
  Keywords Mongolia; transects; survey; habitat; conservation; distribution; irbis; herders; Altay; Altai; predator; prey; ibex; argali; hunting; pelts; skins; furs; coats; killing; behavior; activity; scrapes; feces; scat; sprays; mating; breeding; gestation; Pregnancy; browse; Macne; blood-sucking; poison; Blood; sucking; 2890  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 259 Serial 970  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Shuren, X. url 
  Title An introduction to feeding and management of snow leopard in Xining Zoo, China Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 177-182  
  Keywords China; zoos; zoo; captivity; management; diet; behavior; trapping; hunting; breeding; mating; reproduction; browse; 3740  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Usa Editor J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 266 Serial 893  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dhungel, S. url 
  Title Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 47-50  
  Keywords Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Islt Place of Publication (up) Usa Editor Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 306 Serial 241  
Permanent link to this record
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