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Author Brown, J.L.; Wasser, S.K.; Wildt, D.E.; Graham, L.H. url 
  Title Steroid Metabolism and the Effectiveness of Fecal Assays for Assessing Reproductive Status in Felids Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biology of Reproduction Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 50 Issue suppl 1 Pages 185  
  Keywords fecal-analysis; breeding; reproduction; medicine; medical; zoo; zoos; veterinary; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; fecal; analysis; 1420  
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  Notes Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July 24-27, 1994 Call Number: QP251 .B56 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 203 Serial 197  
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Author Fox, J.; Nurbu, C.; Bhatt, S.; Chandola, A. url 
  Title Wildlife conservation and land-use changes in the Transhimalayan region of Ladakh, India Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Mountain-Research-and-Development. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 39-60  
  Keywords conservation; India; Ladakh; land use; livstock; protected area; transhimalayan; Transhimalayan-Region  
  Abstract Changes in economy and land use are under way in the Indian Transhimalayan region of Ladakh, creating both negative and positive prospects for wildlife conservation in this sparsely populations and previously remote area. New livestock breeds, irrigation developments, farming practices, foreign tourists, and a large military presence are changing the way people view and use the mountainous land that surrounds them. With only 0.3% of the land currently arable, changes in wildlife and natural resource conservation are most apparent on Ladakh's extensive rangelands which are apparently undergoing a redistribution of use associated with social changes and recently introduced animal husbandry and farming practices. International endangered species such as the snow leopard, several wild ungulates, and the black-necked crane provide special incentive for conservation efforts in what are some of the best remaining natural areas in the mountainous regions to the north of the Himalayan crest. The success of newly created protected areas for wildlife conservation in Ladakh rests on an understanding of the effects of various development directions, a commitment to environmentally sensitive development amid the many competing demands on Ladakh's natural resources, conservation laws appropriate to human needs, and a clear recognition that solutions can be neither directly adaptable from other mountainous areas nor even widely applicable across the Himalayan region.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 930 Serial 286  
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Author Rasool, G. url 
  Title The status of management of protected areas in the Northern Areas of Pakistan Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Tigerpaper Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Xxi Issue 1 Pages 23-26  
  Keywords parks; Pakistan; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; status; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected areas; area; areas; protected; 2120  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 241 Serial 808  
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Author Johnson, D. url 
  Title The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation goes international Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Endangered Species Update, A Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 10 Pages A10  
  Keywords Nfwf; India; asia; siberia; endangered-species; snow-leopard; managemnet; conservation; snow leopard; browse; endangered; species; 1150  
  Abstract Abstract: The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) which is a conservation organization created in 1984 aims to conserve the species on an international context before they are endangered which will enable a more effective conservation procedure. The NFWF has addressed the causes of endangered species in India and South Asia such as the tiger, Indian wolf and the snow leopard and has supported the conservation efforts of the Siberian tiger. It has cooperated with multi-national organizations to evaluate the best strategy that could be adopted to prevent a future extinction of several species and has supported CITES programs  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 254 Serial 500  
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Author Johnston, L.A.; Armstrong, D.L.; Brown, J.L. url 
  Title Seasonal effects on seminal and endocrine traits in the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication J Reprod Fertil Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 102 Issue 1 Pages 229-236  
  Keywords Animal; Carnivora; physiology; Comparative; study; Fsh; Blood; Gonadotropins; Pituitary; Lh; Male; Seasons; Semen; Sperm; Motility; Spermatozoa; cytology; Testosterone; browse; 180  
  Abstract The annual reproductive cycle of the male snow leopard (Panthera uncia) was characterized by evaluating seminal and endocrine traits monthly. Testicular volume was greatest (P < 0.05) during the winter months when the quality of ejaculate was optimal. Ejaculate volume, total sperm concentration ml-1, motile sperm concentration per ejaculate, sperm morphology and sperm motility index were lowest during the summer and autumn months compared with the winter and spring. Peripheral LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations were also lowest during the summer months, increasing during the autumn just before the increase in semen quality, and were maximal during the winter months. There was a direct relationship (P < 0.01) between: (1) testosterone and testicular volume, total sperm concentration ml-1, motile sperm concentration per ejaculate and ejaculate volume, and (2) LH and testicular volume and motile sperm concentration per ejaculate. In summary, although spermatozoa were recovered throughout the year, optimal gamete quality was observed during the winter and spring. Although previous studies in felids have demonstrated seasonal effects on either seminal or endocrine traits, this is the first study to demonstrate a distinct effect of season on both pituitary and testicular function.  
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  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Document Type: eng Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 252 Serial 504  
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Author Kosharev, E.P. url 
  Title Snow Leopard and Turkestan Lynx Poaching in Central Asia Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Cat News Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Autumn Issue 21 Pages  
  Keywords Central Asia; poaching; Russian; snow leopard; Turkestan  
  Abstract Of the many problems facing the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan after the break-up of the USSR, poaching of endandered animals is of particular concern. Everything is up for sale through the black market, networks of acquaintances, middlemen or even advertisements in the newspapers: horns, skins, mounted trophies, animal parts for traditional medicine. Interest in snow leopard and Turkestan lynx (Lynx lynx isabellinus Blyth), and skins and horns from mountain sheep and goats sharply increased in 1992-93, and prices grew unusually high.  
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  Notes Translated from Russian by Kathleen Braden. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 941 Serial 553  
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Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, K.R.; Rogers, M.E. url 
  Title Snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 68 Issue Pages 63-68  
  Keywords snow leopard,blue sheep,livestock predation,public attitudes,Annapurna Conservation Area,Nepal.  
  Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and O. 7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people hem strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 893 Serial 753  
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Author Maity, B.; Chakraborty, G.; Pradhan, K.K. url 
  Title Toxocariasis in snow leopard (Panthera unica) Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Indian Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 71 Issue 5 Pages 499-501  
  Keywords toxocariasis; India; captivity; zoo; medical; medicine; veterinary; browse; 1410  
  Abstract Spontaneous occurrence of toxocariasis (Toxocaracati) in captive snow leopards with symptoms of diarrhoea, general malaise, letherapy, dehydration, partial or complete anorexia, vomiting with or without expulsion of the ascarid is reported. Response to anthelmintic drug pyrantal pamoate along with antibacterial drug sulphadimethyl pyrimidine and supportive therapy is recorded.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 238 Serial 639  
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Author Oli, M.K.; Taylor, I.R.; Rogers, M.E. url 
  Title Snow leopard Panthera unica predation of livestock: An assessment of local perceptions in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 63-68  
  Keywords predation; livestock; herders; goat; sheep; oxen; horse; Panthera-uncia; Nepal; snow-leopard; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; public attitudes; snow leopard; browse; panthera uncia; uncia; panthera; annapurna conservation area; annapurna; conservation; area; public; attitudes; 750  
  Abstract Public attitudes towards snow leopard Panthera uncia predation of domestic livestock were investigated by a questionnaire survey of four villages in snow leopard habitat within the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Most local inhabitants were subsistence farmers, many dependent upon yaks, oxen, horses and goats, with an average livestock holding of 26.6 animals per household. Reported losses to snow leopards averaged 0.6 and 0.7 animals per household in two years of study, constituting 2.6% of total stockholding but representing in monetary terms almost a quarter of the average annual Nepali national per capita income. Local people held strongly negative attitudes towards snow leopards and most suggested that total extermination of leopards was the only acceptable solution to the predation problem. Snow leopards were reported to be killed by herdsmen in defence of their livestock. The long-term success of snow leopard conservation programmes may depend upon the satisfactory resolution of the predation conflict. Some possible ways of reducing predation losses are also discussed.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: S900 .B5 Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 237 Serial 747  
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Author Oli, M.K. url 
  Title Snow leopards and blue sheep in Nepal: Densities and predator: prey ratio Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Journal of Mammalogy Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 998-1004  
  Keywords Nepal; blue-sheep; prey; livestock; predation; blue; sheep; browse; 740; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; blue sheep; densities; density; predator  
  Abstract I studied snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Manang District, Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal, to estimate numbers and analyze predator-prey interactions. Five to seven adult leopards used the 10-5-km-2 study area, a density of 4.8 to 6.7 leopards/100 km-2. Density of blue sheep was 6.6 10.2 sheep/km-2, and biomass density was 304 kg/km-2. Estimated relative biomass consumed by snow leopards suggested that blue sheep were the most important prey; marmots (Marmota himalayana) also contributed significantly to the diel of snow leopards Snow leopards in Manang were estimated to harvest 9-20% of total biomass and 11-24% of total number of blue sheep annually. Snow leopard: blue sheep ratio was 1:114-1:159 on a weight basis, which was considered sustainable given the importance of small mammals in the leopard's diet and the absence of other competing predators.  
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  Notes Document Type: English Call Number: 599.05 JO Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 236 Serial 746  
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