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Author |
Aripjanov M.P. |
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Title |
Rare mammals of South-West Tien Shan |
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Miscellaneous |
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1990 |
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80-81 |
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Uzbekistan; South-West Tien-Shan; rare species; snow leopard; population; species number; poaching; human activity.; 6040; Russian |
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Rare mammal species such as free-toiled bat, Menzbier's marmot (endemic to the Western Tien Shan), Tien-Shan brown bear, Central Asian otter, Turkestan lynx, snow leopard, and wild sheep inhabit the South-West Tien-Shan (Uzbekistan). Brief data on animal encounters and main threats are given. |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Environmental problems of wildlife protection. |
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SLN @ rana @ 583 |
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96 |
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Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association |
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Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 |
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2010 |
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nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology |
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In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism,
zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as
reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial
operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd,
Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from
September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made
the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that
administrative units have been increased and territories of
administrative units have been diminished. There have been four
provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation
limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than
ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert.
Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of
species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in
banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum,
Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing
in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently
necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures
into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across
hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression.
Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national
cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's
Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of
cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of
Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify
popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of
agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central
Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December
16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of
1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 %
of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals
amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total
animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article
mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in
Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such
number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into
five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult
animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally
in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food
of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main
nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the
soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of
secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of
ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt
one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for
domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big
game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and
hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting.
Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give
prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly
it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15
USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially
picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow
leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack
domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of
ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting
wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't
consider it had been right since it was natural event. However
population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought
and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has
never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million
heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in
its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of
domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild
animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards
correctly with low costs. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1100 |
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705 |
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Author |
Aromov, B. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Hissar Nature Reserve |
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Miscellaneous |
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2001 |
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Issue 3 |
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121-125 |
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Uzbekistan; snow leopard; Hissar ridge; Hissar nature reserve; number; population estimate; diet; wild ibex; livestock; rut; cubs; competitors.; 6080; Russian |
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Data on distribution, number, diet and breeding of snow leopard in NW spurs of the Hissar Ridge were collected over long-term studies in the span from 1981 to 1994. An increase in the number of this animal from 4 to 17 individuals has been recorded in the Hissar Nature Reserve (Uzbekistan). |
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Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Proceeding of Nature Reserves in Uzbekistan. |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 587 |
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100 |
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Author |
Blomqvist, L. |
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Title |
The 1981 annual report of the captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia) population |
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Report |
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1982 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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41-47 |
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captive; Panthera-uncia; panthera uncia; pedigree; population; snow leopard |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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3 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 956 |
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155 |
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Jackson, R.; Ahlborn, G. |
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The role of protected areas in Nepal in maintaining viable populations of snow leopards |
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1990 |
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Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
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6 |
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51-69 |
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Nepal; conservation; management; parks; park; reserve; refuge; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; island-biology-theory; population-limits; habitat; suitability; 3040 |
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Full text at URL |
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SLN @ rana @ 165 |
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444 |
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McCarthy, T. |
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Snow leopard conservation project, Mongolia: WWF Project Summary of Field Work |
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1999 |
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irbis-enterprises; Mongolia; gobi; Altai; Altay; habitat; status; distribution; Uvs; conservation; parks; preserves; refuge; protected-area; herders; livestock; predator; prey; field-work; field-study; field-studies; training; Slims; transects; sign; sprays; scrapes; markings; population; browse; irbis; enterprises; protected; area; field work; field; work; field study; study; 3870 |
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Full Text at URL: Project No. MN0004.01, reporting period 1998-1999 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 367 |
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658 |
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Author |
Henschel, P.; Ray, J. |
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Title |
Leopards in African Rainforests: Survey and Monitoring Techniques |
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Miscellaneous |
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2003 |
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forest leopards; african rainforests; survey; monitoring techniques; lope reserve; gabon; central africa; congo; zaire; field testing; populations; wild meat; relative abundance; density; live-trapping; presence and absense surveys; ad-hoc survey; bushmeat; systematic survey; monitoring; individual identification; tracks; Discriminant Function Analysis; genotyping; scat; Hair; Dna; remote photography; camera trapping; capture rates; Trailmaster; Camtrakker; bait; duikers; pigs; elephant; bongo; okapi; human hunters; 5300 |
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Monitoring Techniques Forest leopards have never been systematically surveyed in African forests, in spite of their potentially vital ecological role as the sole large mammalian predators in these systems. Because leopards are rarely seen in this habitat, and are difficult to survey using the most common techniques for assessing relative abundances of forest mammals, baseline knowledge of leopard ecology and responses to human disturbance in African forests remain largely unknown. This technical handbook sums up the experience gained during a two-year study of leopards by Philipp Henschel in the Lop‚ Reserve in Gabon, Central Africa, in 2001/2002, supplemented by additional experience from carnivore studies conducted by Justina Ray in southwestern Central African Republic and eastern Congo (Zaire) . The main focus of this effort has been to develop a protocol that can be used by fieldworkers across west and central Africa to estimate leopard densities in various forest types. In developing this manual, Henschel tested several indirect methods to assess leopard numbers in both logged and unlogged forests, with the main effort devoted to testing remote photography survey methods developed for tigers by Karanth (e.g., Karanth 1995, Karanth & Nichols 1998; 2000; 2002), and modifying them for the specific conditions characterizing African forest environments. This handbook summarizes the results of the field testing, and provides recommendations for techniques to assess leopard presence/absence, relative abundance, and densities in African forest sites. We briefly review the suitability of various methods for different study objectives and go into particular detail on remote photography survey methodology, adapting previously developed methods and sampling considerations specifically to the African forest environment. Finally, we briefly discuss how camera trapping may be used as a tool to survey other forest mammals. Developing a survey protocol for African leopards is a necessary first step towards a regional assessment and priority setting exercise targeted at forest leopards, similar to those carried out on large carnivores in Asian and South American forests. |
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Wildlife Conservation Society |
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SLN @ rana @ 515 |
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382 |
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Author |
Koshkarev, E.P. |
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On the environment-related stability of snow leopard (Uncia uncia) populations in connection with their distribution in the natural habitats and changes for spread within the USSR |
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1990 |
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Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards |
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6 |
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37-50 |
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Tein-Shan; distribution; population; Ussr; former-soviet-republic; Russia; snow-leopard; Uncia-uncia; browse; former soviet republic; former; soviet; republic; uncia; 900 |
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The stability of animal populations in respect of the influence of the environment is well known to be conditioned by their location in the natural habitat and their ability to establish new territories. In the peripheral regions of natural habitat, however-in the zone that is ecologically least favourable-the situation of the animal is most unstable. This is due to increased pressure of environmental factors which favour neither a high frequency of contacts between individuals belonging to sperate populations nor an increase in the number of such contatcs and their stabilization. In our opinion, this describes the situation that has come about in certain regions inhabited by the snow leopard in the Soviet Union. |
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Tien Shan High Mountain Physical and Geographical Station, Academy of Science of the Kirghisian Societ Socialist Republic, Village of Pokrovka, Kirghisian SSR, USSR (full text at URL)Document Type: English |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 158 |
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574 |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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The 1979 world register for the captive population of snow leopards, Panthera uncia |
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1980 |
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International Pedigree Book of Snow Leopards |
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62-75 |
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captive; captive-population; panthera uncia; snow leopard |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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SLN @ rana @ 997 |
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150 |
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Blomqvist, L. |
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The 1980 annual report of the captive snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population and a review at the breeding results during the 1970's |
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1981 |
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32-50 |
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zoo; Report; 1980; captive; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia; population; breeding; 1970 |
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Helsinki Zoo |
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Helsinki |
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Helsinki Zoo Annual Report |
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SLN @ rana @ 998 |
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154 |
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