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Author Bannikov A.G. url 
  Title Mountains of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1966 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 222-223  
  Keywords Middle Asia; Kazakhstan; nature reserves; plants; Animals; snow leopard; preys.; 6130  
  Abstract The data on geographical location, plants and animals of mountain nature reserves of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan are given. Snow leopard and its preys (wild ibexes and sheep) were recorded in both Almaty and Aksu Jabagly nature reserves.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Visiting of Soviet Union nature reserves. Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 591 Serial 112  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ale, S.; Brown, J. url 
  Title The contingencies of group size and vigilance Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2007 Publication Evolutionary Ecology Research, Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages 1263-1276  
  Keywords attraction effect,contingency,dilution effect,fitness,group-size effect,many-eyes effect,predation risk,vigilance behaviour; predation; decline; potential; predators; predator; feeding; Animals; Animal; use; food; effects; Relationship; behaviour; methods; game; Interactions; interaction; factor; value; Energy  
  Abstract Background: Predation risk declines non-linearly with one's own vigilance and the vigilance of others in the group (the 'many-eyes' effect). Furthermore, as group size increases, the individual's risk of predation may decline through dilution with more potential victims, but may increase if larger groups attract more predators. These are known, respectively, as the dilution effect and the attraction effect.

Assumptions: Feeding animals use vigilance to trade-off food and safety. Net feeding rate declines linearly with vigilance.

Question: How do the many-eyes, dilution, and attraction effects interact to influence the relationship between group size and vigilance behaviour?

Mathematical methods: We use game theory and the fitness-generating function to determine the ESS level of vigilance of an individual within a group.

Predictions: Vigilance decreases with group size as a consequence of the many-eyes and dilution effects but increases with group size as a consequence of the attraction effect, when they act independent of each other. Their synergetic effects on vigilance depend upon the relative strengths of each and their interactions. Regardless, the influence of other factors on vigilance – such as encounter rate with predators, predator lethality, marginal value of energy, and value of vigilance – decline with group size.
 
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 886 Serial 53  
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Author Ming, M.; Yun, G.; Bo, W. url 
  Title Chinese snow leopard team goes into action Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Man & the Biosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 54 Issue 6 Pages 18-25  
  Keywords Chinese; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; action; China; country; countries; number; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; survey; research; recent; Xinjiang; ecology; tracking; Animal; field; Kunlun; camera; capture; Animals; survival  
  Abstract China, the world's most populous country, also contains the largest number of Snow Leopards of any country in the world. But the survey and research of the snow leopard had been very little for the second half of the 20th century. Until recent years, the members of Xinjiang Snow Leopards Group (XSLG/SLT/XFC) , the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences have been tracking down the solitary animal. The journal reporter does a face-to-face interview with professor Ma Ming who is a main responsible expert of the survey team. By the account of such conversation, we learn the achievements, advances and difficulty of research of snow leopards in the field, Tianshan and Kunlun, Xinjiang, the far west China, and we also know that why the team adopt the infrared camera to capture the animals. Last but not least professor talked about the survival menace faced by the Snow Leopards in Xinjiang.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication (up) China Editor  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes In Chinese; Edited by this magazine <Man & the Biosphere> Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 978 Serial 685  
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Author The Snow Leopard Conservancy url 
  Title A Learning Tour of the CBN (Corbett, Nainital and Binsar) Eco-tourism Initiative Sites by Villagers from Hemis National Park and the Surrounding Area (18-28th November 2002) Type Report
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume SLC Field Document Series No 5 Issue Pages  
  Keywords Ladakh; Himalayas; Himalaya; Karakoram; mountains; mountain; landscape; tourists; trans-himalayan; transhimalayan; biodiversity; home; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; tourism; number; ecotourism; 80; conservation; traditional; local; community; Culture; income; people; leh; travel; rural; Snow Leopard Conservancy; ecotourism activities; ecotourism-activities; activities; activity; Hemis; national; national park; National-park; park; livelihood; loss; livestock; Animals; Animal; local people; NGO's; eco-tourism; villagers; area  
  Abstract Ladakh lies between the Great Himalayas and the formidable Karakoram mountains.

Its unique landscape and rich cultural heritage have been a great attraction to tourists all over

the world. Apart from its uniqueness it has a rich Trans-Himalayan bio-diversity and is home

to the rare and elusive snow leopard. It opened to tourism in 1974 with a handful of tourists

and has gone up to the present number of about 18,000 visitors annually. Ecotourism started in Ladakh in mid 80s in the form of conservation of traditional

architecture when local communities realized the importance of their rich culture and

traditions being valued by the visiting tourists. However, while tourism became a major

source of income to people in Leh, most of the benefits stayed with outside (Delhi) based

travel agents thus leaving out the rural masses. During the last three years Snow Leopard Conservancy and The Mountain Institute have been

initiating ecotourism activities with local communities in the Hemis National Park as an

alternate livelihood and an indirect way to compensate losses of livestock from predatory

animals. However, local people while venturing into such new initiatives have tended to be

like blind men that are being led by NGO's so that they do not stumble along their paths.
 
  Address  
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  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Leh, Ladakh, India Editor Wangchuk, R.; Dadul, J.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 1025 Serial 963  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Izold, J. url 
  Title Snow Leopard Enterprise: a conservation project that saves an endangered species and supports needy families Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Anim.Keepers' Forum Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue 5 Pages 359-364  
  Keywords snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; project; endangered; endangered species; endangered-species; species; Support; union; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; wild; Iucn; Animals; Animal; tiger; extinction; former; zoo; Freeman; trust; work; cat; community-based; projects; Sle; impact; poverty; community; Mongolia; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Pakistan; 300; economic; incentives; prey; sustainable; herding; number; territory; income; training; products; wool; local; local people; people; zoos; Woodland-Park-Zoo; park; zoological; ecosystem  
  Abstract The World Conservation Union listed the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) as endangered in 1974. With as few as 3,500 snow leopards left in the wild, scientists placed the snow leopard on the IUCN Red List of critically endangered species shared by animals such as the giant panda and tiger. In an effort to save the snow leopard from extinction, former zoo employee Helen Freeman founded the Snow Leopard Trust in 1981. The Snow Leopard Trust works to save this elusive cat by incorporating community-based conservation projects. One of these project Leopard Enterprise (SLE), impacts poverty stricken communities in Mongolia, Kyrgyz Republic, and Pakistan. It assists over 300 families in its conservation efforts. The economic incentives provided via SLE have led participating communities not to harm the snow leopard or its prey, and to practice sustainable herding. Since the project began in 1997, the number of snow leopards harmed around the communities' territories has dropped to near zero. Additionally, the annual income of families that utilize the benefits of SLE has increased by 25% to 40%. SLE creates this economic benefit by providing the training and equipment necessary to make desirable products from the wool of herd animals. Snow Leopard Trust then purchases these handicraft items from the local people and them globally. Zoos can expand their conservation efforts by simply offering these items in their gift shops. Woodland Park Zoo (WPZ) was the first zoological institution to sell the products, and WPZ continues to generate revenue from them. SLE is a golden opportunity for zoos to increase revenue, assist poor families, and save an endangered species and fragile ecosystem.  
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  Publisher American Association of Zoo Keepers Place of Publication (up) Topeka, Kansas Editor  
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  Notes Author from Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, OH, USA Approved no  
  Call Number SLN @ rana @ 976 Serial 425  
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