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| Author | Wolf, M.; Ale, S. | ||||
| Title | Signs at the Top: Habitat Features Influencing Snow Leopard Uncia Uncia Activity in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Journal of Mammalogy | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 90 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 604-611 |
| Keywords | activity patterns,human activity,Nepal,predator-prey,sign data,Uncia uncia | ||||
| Abstract | We used logistic regression to examine factors that affected the spatial distribution of sign (scrapes, feces, footprints, spray or scent marks, and rubbing sites) in a newly reestablished population of snow leopards (Uncia uncia) in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park, Nepal. Our results indicate that terrain and human activity were the most important factors determining the spatial distribution of leopard activity, whereas presence of their major prey species (Himalayan tahr [Hemitragus jemlahicus]) had only a moderate effect. This suggests that localities at which these animals are active represent a trade-off between suitable habitat and avoidance of potential risk from anthropogenic origins. However, the influence of prey presence was likely underestimated because of the methodology used, and likely weighed in the trade-off as well. | ||||
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| Notes | Department of Biological Sciences (M/C 066), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, 3352 SES, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1026 | Serial | 1027 | ||
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| Author | Woodroffe, R.; Ginsberg, J.R. | ||||
| Title | Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Science Washington D.C. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 280 | Issue | 5372 | Pages | 2126-2128 |
| Keywords | edge-effects; extinction; human-animal-conflict; mortality; population-size; protected-areas; browse; edge effects; Human; Animal; conflict; population; protected; area; 590 | ||||
| Abstract | Theory predicts that small populations may be driven to extinction by random fluctuations in demography and loss of genetic diversity through drift. However, population size is a poor predictor of extinction in large carnivores inhabiting protected areas. Conflict with people on reserve borders is the major cause of mortality in such populations, so that border areas represent population sinks. The species most likely to disappear from small reserves are those that range widely-and are therefore most exposed to threats on reserve borders-irrespective of population size. Conservation efforts that combat only stochastic processes are therefore unlikely to avert extinction. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 351 | Serial | 1028 | ||
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| Author | Xu, A.; Jiang, Z.; Li, C.; Guo, J.; Da, S.; Cui, Q.; Yu, S.; Wu, G. | ||||
| Title | Status and conservation of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in the Gouli Region, Kunlun Mountains, China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Oryx | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 42 | Issue | Pages | 460-463 | |
| Keywords | Camera trapping,China,human-wildlife conflict,Kunlun Mountains,Panthera uncia,snow leopard,trace. | ||||
| Abstract | The elusive snow leopard Panthera unica is a rare and little studied species in China. Over 1 March-15 May 2006 we conducted a survey for the snow leopard in the Gouli Region, East Burhanbuda Mountain, Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China, in an area of c. 300 km2 at altitudes of 4,000-4,700 m. We surveyed 29 linear transects with a total length of c. 440 km, and located a total of 72 traces (pug marks, scrapes and urine marks) of snow leopard along four of the transects. We obtained eight photographs of snow leopard from four of six camera traps. We also recorded 1,369 blue sheep, 156 Tibetan gazelles, 47 argali, 37 red deer and one male white-lipped deer. We evaluated human attitudes towards snow leopard by interviewing the heads of 27 of the 30 Tibetan households living in the study area. These local people did not consider that snow leopard is the main predator of their livestock, and thus there is little retaliatory killing. Prospects for the conservation of snow leopard in this area therefore appear to be good. We analysed the potential threats to the species and propose the establishment of a protected area for managing snow leopard and the fragile alpine ecosystem of this region. (c) 2008 Fauna & Flora International. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 900 | Serial | 1032 | ||
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| Author | Yang, Q. | ||||
| Title | Further study on the geographical distribution and conservation of snow leopard in Qinghai, P.R. China | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-7 | ||
| Keywords | China; conservation; distribution; Qinghai; snow leopard; survey | ||||
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| Notes | Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Academia sinica, Xining, Qinghai, P.R. China 810001 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 920 | Serial | 1049 | ||
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| Author | Yu, N.Z.C.; Wang, X.; He, G.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, A.; Lu, W.; Tang, F. | ||||
| Title | A revision of genus Uncia Gray, 1854 based on mitochondrial DNA restriction site maps | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Acta Theriologica Sinica | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 105-108 |
| Keywords | taxonomy; uncia; panthera; snow-leopard; snow leopard; browse; 1350; Chinese | ||||
| Abstract | The Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is one of the most threatened wild big cats within its range of distribution, however, the question of its systematic status is a matter of debate. Is it a member of genus Panthera, or is it in its own genus (Uncia)? The analysis of genetic difference at the DNA level may provide useful data to clarify the issue. In the present study, ten hexanucleotide-specific restriction endonucleases were used to evaluate the patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation between the Snow leopard and leopard (P. pardus). The molecular size of mtDNA from the two species was about 16.5 kb. Ten enzymes surveyed 32-34 restriction sites, which corresponded to 192 apprx 204 base pairs, or 1.16% apprx 1.24% of the total mtDNA molecule. A total of 45 restriction sites were mapped; of these sites, twenty-four, which correspond to 53.3% of the total sites, were variable. The sequence divergence between them was 0.075 33, which was undoubtedly in the species-level distinction but did not reach the genus level. Therefore, the Snow leopard should be placed in the genus Panthera rather than in its own ganus. It also seems reasonable to recognize Uncia as a valid subgenus. This conclusion not only support but also supplement the viewpoint of Simpson who treated Uncia as a subgenus within Panthera. | ||||
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| Notes | Document Type: Chinese | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 295 | Serial | 1063 | ||
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| Author | Zhang, F.; Jiang, Z.; Zeng, Y.; McCarthy, T. | ||||
| Title | Development of primers to characterize the mitochondrial control region of the snow leopard (Uncia uncia) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Molecular Ecology Notes | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | 1196-1198 | |
| Keywords | control region,Felidae,mitochondrial DNA,snow leopard,species-specific primers; genetics; development; mitochondrial; control; region; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; uncia | ||||
| Abstract | The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is a rare carnivore living above the snow line in central Asia. Using universal primers for the mitochondrial genome control region hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), we isolated a 411-bp fragment of HVR1 and then designed specific primers near each end of this sequence in the conserved regions. These primers were shown to yield good polymerase chain reaction products and to be species specific. Of the 12 snow leopards studied, there were 11 segregating sites and six haplotypes. An identification case of snow leopard carcass (confiscated by the police) proved the primers to be a useful tool for forensic diagnosis in field and population genetics studies. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 911 | Serial | 1073 | ||
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| Author | Zong-Yi, W.; Sung, W. | ||||
| Title | Distribution and recent status of the Felidae in China | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 201-209 | ||
| Keywords | Felidae; China; status; distribution; environment; browse; 910 | ||||
| Abstract | Thirteen of the 37 existing species of the family Felidae have been recorded in China. These species are widely distributed throughout the country and inhabit a variety of life zones. Over the past several decades, the populations of most species of cats in China have declined due to overharvest and habitat destruction. China has a Protected Wildlife Species List which was initiated in 1962. Some cat species in China are now endangered or may already be extinct while other species or subspecies are threatened. The authors use limited data on the distribution of cats in China to summarize the staus of each species and the problems facing each. Recomendations for new measures to protect cats in China are made. | ||||
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Editor | D.S.Miller;.D.D.Everett | ||
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| Notes | Title, Monographic: Cats of the World:Biology, Conservation, and Mangement Place of Meeting: Kingsville, Texas Date of Copyright: 1986 Call Number: 86-31185 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 85 | Serial | 1092 | ||
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| Author | Farrington, J., Tsering, D. | ||||
| Title | Human-snow leopard conflict in the Chang Tang region of Tibet, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 237 | Issue | Pages | 504-513 | |
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| Abstract | In April 2006, the authors conducted a preliminary human-wildlife conflict survey of 300 livestock herders in Shainza, Nyima, and Tsonyi Counties in northern Tibet's sparsely-populated Chang Tang region. This survey revealed a widespread but previously undocumented problem of snow leopard predation on livestock. In June and July 2007, an exploratory human-snow leopard conflict survey of 234 herders in the above counties found that 65.8% of respondents had experienced conflict with snow leopards in the form of livestock kills, with 77.3% of the most recent incidents occurring in the previous five years. These incidents were concentrated in winter and spring and a surprising 39.6% of incidents occurred during the day, often with herders present. Fifteen exploratory snow leopard sign transects totaling 14.85 km were conducted. Abundant snow leopard scrapes as well as pug marks were found, confirming the presence of these secretive cats. A total of 521 blue sheep were counted on and off sign transects indicating widespread availability of wild snow leopard prey. The recent surge in reported snow leopard conflict is likely due to increasing human and livestock populations, establishment of two multiple-use nature reserves accompanied by improved enforcement of wildlife protection laws, and a regional gun and trap ban launched in 2001. However, retaliatory killing of snow leopards in the survey area continues to be a potential threat. Therefore, measures are needed to reduce livestock kills by snow leopards, including corral improvements, improved guarding, establishment of livestock compensation schemes, and educating herders about snow leopard behavior. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1600 | ||
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| Author | Farrington, J., Tsering, D. | ||||
| Title | Snow leopard distribution in the Chang Tang region of Tibet, China | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Global Ecology and Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Abstract | In 2006 and 2007, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the Tibet Autonomous Region’s (TAR) Shainza, Nyima, and Tsonyi Counties, located in the TAR’s remote Chang Tang region. At this time, prior knowledge of the snow leopard in this vast 700,000 km2 region was limited to just eight firsthand snow leopard sign and conflict location records and 15 secondhand records. These surveys revealed a previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard conflict. The 2007 survey also yielded 39 new snow leopard conflict incident locations and 24 new snow leopard sign locations. Next, snow leopard telephone interviews and mapping exercises were conducted with Tibet Forestry Bureau staff that yielded an additional 63 and 144 new snow leopard conflict and sighting location records, respectively. These 270 new snow leopard location records, together with 39 records collected by other observers from 1988 to 2009, were compiled into a snow leopard distribution map for the Chang Tang. This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region which remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard’s key range areas. New knowledge gained on snow leopard distribution in the Chang Tang through this exercise will help identify human-snow leopard conflict hot spots and inform design of human-snow leopard conflict mitigation and conservation strategies for northwest Tibet. Nevertheless, extensive additional field verification work will be required to definitively delineate snow leopard distribution in the Chang Tang. Importantly, since 2006, a number of major transportation infrastructure projects have made the Chang Tang more accessible, including paving of highways, new railroads, and new airports. This has led to a greatly increased number of tourists visiting western Tibet, particularly Mt. Kailash and Lake Manasarovar. At the same time, large areas of the Chang Tang have been fenced for livestock pastures as part of government initiatives to allocate pasturelands to individual families. All three of these developments have a large potential to cause disturbance to snow leopards and their prey species, including by hindering their movements and degrading their habitat. Therefore, future conservation measures in the Chang Tang will need to insure that development activities and the growing number of visitors to the Chang Tang do not adversely affect the distribution of snow leopards and their prey species or directly degrade their habitat. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1601 | ||
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| Author | Rode, J., Pelletier, A., Fumey, J., Rode, S., Cabanat, A. L., Ouvrard, A., Chaix, B., White, B., Harnden, M., Xuan, N. T., Vereshagin, A., Casane, D. | ||||
| Title | Diachronic monitoring of snow leopards at Sarychat-Ertash State Reserve (Kyrgyzstan) through scat genotyping: a pilot study | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | bioRxiv | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-21 | ||
| Keywords | snow leopard, noninvasive genotyping, population dynamics, microsatellite, relatedness, diachronic monitoring, citizen science, Central Asia | ||||
| Abstract | Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) are a keystone species of Central Asia’s high mountain ecosystem. The species is listed as vulnerable and is elusive, preventing accurate population assessments that could inform conservation actions. Non-invasive genetic monitoring conducted by citizen scientists offers avenues to provide key data on this species that would otherwise be inaccessible. From 2011 to 2015, OSI-Panthera citizen science expeditions tracked signs of presence of snow leopards along transects in the main valleys and crests of the Sarychat-Ertash State Reserve (Kyrgyzstan). Scat samples were genotyped at seven autosomal microsatellite loci and at a X/Y locus for sex identification, which allowed estimating a minimum of 11 individuals present in the reserve from 2011 to 2015. The genetic recapture of 7 of these individuals enabled diachronic monitoring, providing indications of individuals’ movements throughout the reserve. We found putative family relationships between several individuals. Our results demonstrate the potential of this citizen science program to get a precise description of a snow leopard population through time. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1602 | |||
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