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Jackson, R., & Fox, J. L. (1997). Snow Leopard Conservation: Accomplishments and Research Priorities. In R.Jackson, & A.Ahmad (Eds.), (pp. 128–144). Pakistan: Islt.
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Khan, A. A. (2001). Strategic plan for the conservation of the snow leopard in Pakistan. Pakistan: WWF Pakistan & International Snow Leopard Trust.
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Usgs, & International Snow Leopard Trust. (1995). Snow Leopard Habitat Map. Pakistan: ISLT and World Wide Fund for Nature - Pakistan.
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Hameed, S. (2010). Population status of the snow leopard and its conflict with local people in laspur valley, Chitral, Pakistan. Master's thesis, , Pakistan.
Abstract: The present study was designed to determine the status of snow leopard in Laspur valley, Chitral (Khyber Pakhtunkhawa) by using multiple census methods.
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Ashraf, N. (2010). Competition For Food Between Markhor And Domestic Goat In Chitral, Pakistan. Master's thesis, , Pakistan.
Abstract: The present study was, therefore, designed to collect data on feeding aspects of Markhor and domestic goat in Chitral area, in order to examine the extent of resource competition between two species. The objectives of study were;
To analyze the food composition of Markhor and domestic goat.
To determine the degree of competition between Markhor and domestic goat in terms of forage consumption.
To provide recommendation for managing Markhor habitat and reducing competition with domestic livestock.
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Khatoon, R. (2010). Snow leopard (uncia uncia) diet selection in the Chitral area. Master's thesis, , Pakistan.
Abstract: The present study will also show the dependence of snow leopard on wild prey versus domestic livestock as a food. This study will also help to estimate the highest livestock loss tends to occur in the areas due to which human and snow leopard conflict arises. As food selection varies according to the environment and availability of prey species therefore a diet study in local context would help to improve understanding of feeding ecology, and also provide scientific basis for effective conservation measures.
The objectives of the present study are
To determine the food preference of snow leopard in wild
To determine seasonal variation in selection of food by snow leopard.
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WWF Russia & Mongolia. (2010). WWF Altai-Sayan Newsletter. Russia: WWF.
Abstract: WWF Russia and WWF Mongolia share the main achievements of both offices in Altai – Sayan Ecoregion regarding species conservation, protected areas, ecotourism, public awareness, education, eco clubs, fresh water. Several articles reference snow leopards:
WWF Mongolia
Argali population observation in transboundary area
WWF Russia
Ecotourism camps in the habitats of a snow leopard and argali WWF and UNDP
WWF Russia
WWF assessed the level of conflict between herders and a snow leopard in Republic of Tyva
WWF Russia
The first ecological festival in the history of Mountain Altai for snow leopard conservation!
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WWF Russia & Mongolia. (2010). WWF Altai-Sayan Newsletter. Russia: WWF.
Abstract: WWF Russia and WWF Mongolia share the main achievements of both offices in Altai – Sayan Ecoregion regarding species conservation, protected areas, ecotourism, public awareness,education, eco clubs, fresh water. Several articles reference snow leopards and argali:
WWF Russia
Camera Trapping in Argut River Valley
Community inspection is established in Republic of Altai to take part in anti – poaching activities in the key territory for argali and snow leopard conservation
“Land of Snow Leopard” Ecotourism Project as a tool to protect Irbis and Argali by local communities
Snow Leopard and Argali inspired the Masters of Felt Making of Republic of Altai
Snow Leopard – a Treasure of Tuva. WWF introduces Tuva journalists to the snow leopard (Tsagaan Shibetu Ridge)
WWF and Oxfam –GB joint project works on capacity building of local people in Tuva
WWF Mongolia
Nature conservation through involving local residents and supporting their initiatives
Community groups trans-boundary cooperation
Altai-Sayan PA administration staff start to undertake quality research activities at experts level
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San Antonio News. (1975). The story of the three little kittens. San Antonio News, I(6).
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Riddell, M. (2004). Newcastle University’s Snow leopard Research Expedition Report: Kazakhstan 2004. Scotland: Newcastle University.
Abstract: This Newcastle University Expedition reviewed the conflict between man and snow leopard in the region east of Tekeli in the Dzhungarian Alatau range, Kazakhstan. After the soviet state breakup in 1991 snow leopards in Kazakhstan and in the other Asian republics were subjected to high levels of persecution. There are thought to be between 180-200 snow leopards in Kazakhstan, of which 37-40 individuals inhabit the Dzhungarian Mountains. No work has been done previously
to review the present snow leopard-human conflicts in this region, and this project looked to update previous reports from Central Asia about predominant conflicts in these regions.
The expedition team worked with the Institute of Zoology in Kazakhstan and two of the six person team were Kazakh students. Methods comparable to those used in previous studies were used to map and rank the threats in the western area of the range, over an eight week period. The expedition team lived in the mountains for periods of two-three weeks, carrying all their food and equipment and using local vehicles, horses and trekking to move from pasture to pasture. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and prey counts were used to assess snow leopard-human conflicts including poaching of snow leopard, poaching of leopard
wild prey, human disturbance and livestock overgrazing.
The results from the report support much previous work from Kazakhstan and other
areas in Central Asia, but serve as a useful update shedding light on an optimistic future for snow leopard conservation while highlighting what the expedition team perceives to be the major threats to snow leopards.
The threats to snow leopards, in order of relevance from most to least, are loss of prey predominantly through hunting by local people (both legal and illegal), direct hunting of snow leopard for pelt/medicine, disturbance by herders on the pastures, snow leopard habitat fragmentation around the mountain bases, and least importantly overgrazing by domestic livestock. Retaliatory kills by herders are not a threat in the region and on livestock were killed by snow leopards. Levels of all hunting, legal and illegal, need to be reduced in the range until wildlife populations have recovered significantly from the mid-1990’s over-hunting period.
Levels of rural corruption among many stakeholders were high around the mountain region, and are thought to contribute negatively to wildlife conservation in the area. Ecotourism in the area, that incorporates local people around the mountain region, is proposed as a solution to offer local people’s incentives to lower hunting levels.
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