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Author |
Xinchun, M. |
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Title |
Distribution in the wild and the captive raising of snow leopards in Xinjiang, China |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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157-162 |
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distribution; habitat; ibex; blue-sheep; argali; hides; skins; pelts; furs; coats; zoos; zoo; China; captivity; care; husbandry; feeding; diet; housing; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; 3770 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 267 |
Serial |
1031 |
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Author |
Oli, M.K. |
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Title |
Snow leopards and local human population in a protected area: a case study from the Nepalese Himalaya |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
51-64 |
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Keywords |
Nepal; Himalaya; herders; herder; livestock; conservation; annapurna; protected-area; park; parks; reserve; refuge; blue-sheep; predator; prey; habitat; radio-tracking; diet; scat; feces; fecal; marmot; Manang; poaching; hunting; pelts; skins; furs; coats; grazing; burning; trekking; tourism; education; religion; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; protected area; radio tracking; radio; tracking; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; 2110 |
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International Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, Washington |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 240 |
Serial |
748 |
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Author |
Xuedong, X.; Jackson, R.; Zongyi, W. |
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Title |
Herd characteristics and habitat use of a blue sheep population in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
97-104 |
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Nepal; prey; Qomolangma; protected-area; parks; reserves; refuge; blue-sheep; habitat; Pseudois-nayaur; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; protected area; 3480 |
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Islt |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 263 |
Serial |
1041 |
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Author |
Dhungel, S. |
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Title |
Conservation of the Snow Leopard in Nepal |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Volume |
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Pages |
47-50 |
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Keywords |
Nepal; conservation; livestock; herder; herders; poaching; hunting; pelts; fur; coat; skin; distribution; status; behavior; predator; prey; breeding; Himalaya; park; parks; reserve; refuge; protected-area; biology; habitat; scent; spray; tracks; scrapes; home-range; mating; bharal; blue-sheep; goral; tahr; musk-deer; blue; sheep; browse; musk; deer; 3030 |
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Islt |
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Editor |
Fox, J.L.; Jezing, D. |
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full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 306 |
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241 |
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Author |
Yanfa, L. |
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Title |
Snow leopard distribution, purchase locations and conservation in Qinghai Province, China |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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65-72 |
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conservation; Qinghai; China; scat; spray; kills; interviews; hunting; hunters; tracks; tracking; habitat; distribution; prey; livestock; blue-sheep; behavior; collection; blue; sheep; browse; 3400 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 260 |
Serial |
1047 |
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Author |
Yongsheng, L. |
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Title |
International hunting and the involvement of local people in Dulan, Qinghai, China |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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305-314 |
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Keywords |
Qinghai; China; hunting; ungulates; blue-sheep; herders; herder; local; blue; sheep; browse; 3440 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 262 |
Serial |
1061 |
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Author |
Miller, D.J.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
Livestock and Snow Leopards:making room for competing users on the Tibetian Plateau |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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315-328 |
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Keywords |
livestock; Tibet; herder; herders; predator; prey; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; Tibetian-Plateau; ungulates; wild-yak; blue-sheep; pika; marmots; gazelle; antelope; Qomolangma; Namcha-Barwa; Chang-Tang; habitat; grazing; wolves; pens; enclosures; bounties; bounty; pelts; skins; coats; furs; poisoning; medicine; bones; land-use; conservation; ecology; blue; sheep; browse; tibetian; plateau; wild; yak; namcha; barwa; change; tang; land use; land; 2800 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Notes |
Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 244 |
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676 |
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Author |
Jafri, R.H.; Shah, F. |
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Title |
The role of education and research in the conservation of snow leopard and its habitat in Northern Pakistan |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Pages |
273-277 |
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Keywords |
Pakistan; Khunjerab; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; education; ibex; Marco-Polo-sheep; hunting; predator; prey; diet; marmot; activity; Nepal; Chitral-Gol; war; land-use; climate; blue-sheep; home-range; Disease; blue; sheep; browse; Marco-Polo; protected; area; areas; land use; land; 3120 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 233 |
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482 |
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Author |
Harris, R.B. |
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Title |
A note on snow leopards and local people in Nangqian County, Southern Qinghai Province |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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79-84 |
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China; Qinghai; attitude; local-peoples; herders; livestock; predator; prey; cub; capture; poaching; blue-sheep; Release; grazing; yaks; goats; horses; domestic; ungulates; hunting; bones; fur; pelts; coats; conservation; trapping; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; local; protected; area; peoples; 3250 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; Jizeng, D. |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 223 |
Serial |
371 |
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Author |
Harris, R.B. |
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Title |
Dealing with uncertainty in counts of mountain ungulates |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Pages |
105-111 |
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Keywords |
ungulates; blue-sheep; argali; tahr; ibex; prey; predator; status; population; asia; blue; sheep; browse; 3260 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
Editor |
J.L.Fox; Jizeng, D. |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 224 |
Serial |
372 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Zongyi, W.; Xuedong, L.; Yun, C. |
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Title |
Snow Leopards in the Qomolangma Nature Preserve of Tibet Autonomous Region |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Pages |
85-95 |
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Keywords |
Qomolangma; protected-area; parks; preserves; refuge; Nepal; Tibet; China; field-study; blue-sheep; scrapes; sprays; scat; feces; pug-marks; sign; transects; interviews; herders; livestock; predation; predator; traps; trapping; habitat; status; distribution; threats; hunting; pelts; skins; fur; coats; poaching; bones; medicine; Cites; conflict; trade; conservation; management; protected area; protected; area; areas; protected areas; field study; field; study; pug marks; blue; sheep; browse; pug; marks; 3490 |
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Islt |
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Usa |
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J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994 |
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SLN @ rana @ 231 |
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452 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.M. |
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Title |
Home Range, Movements and Habitat use of Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Nepal |
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Year |
1996 |
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233 pp |
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Nepal; blue-sheep; predator; prey; home-range; behavior; capture; telemetry; habitat; marking; activity; movement; tracking; blue; sheep; browse; home range; home; range; 990 |
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Abstract |
Home ranges for five radio-tagged snow leopards (Uncia uncia) inhabiting prime habitat in Nepal Himalaya varied in size from 11-37 km2. These solitary felids were crepuscular in activity, and although highly mobile, nearly 90% of all consecutive day movements involved a straight line distance of 2km or less. No seasonal difference in daily movement or home range boundry was detected. While home ranges overlapped substancially, use of common core spaces was temporally seperated, with tagged animals being located 1.9 km or more apart during the smae day. Spatial analysis indicated that 47-55% of use occured within only 6-15% of total home area. The snow leopards shared a common core use area, which was located at a major stream confuence in an area where topography, habitat and prey abundance appeared to be more favorable. A young female used her core area least, a female with two cubs to the greatest extent. the core area was marked significantly more with scrapes, Faeces and other sighn than non-core sites, suggesting that social marking plays an important role in spacing individuals. Snow leopards showed a strong preference for bedding in steep, rocky or broken terrain, on or close to a natural vegetation or landform edge. linear landform features, such as a cliff or major ridgeline, were preferred for travelling and day time resting. This behavior would tend to place a snow leopard close to its preferred prey, blue sheep (Psuedois nayaur), which uses the same habitat at night. Marking was concetrated along commonly travelled routes, particularly river bluffs, cliff ledges and well defined ridgelines bordering stream confluences--features that were most abundant within the core area. Such marking may facilitate mutual avoidance, help maintain the species' solitary social structure, and also enable a relatively high density of snow leopard, especially within high-quality habitat. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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University of London |
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University of London |
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Date of Copyright: 1996 |
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SLN @ rana @ 275 |
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481 |
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Author |
Jackson, R.; Fox, J.L. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Conservation: Accomplishments and Research Priorities |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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128-144 |
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Keywords |
Slims; Islt; zoos; zoo; captivity; genetics; home-range; predator; prey; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Mongolia; China; India; Nepal; Khunjerab; surveys; survey; transect; habitat; scrap; marking; spray; Myanmar; Burma; blue-sheep; ibex; conservation; ecology; management; livestock; herders; Dna; Icimod; Himalaya; protected-area; scrape; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; home range; home; range; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2900 |
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Islt |
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Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 399 |
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458 |
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Author |
The Snow Leopard Conservancy |
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Title |
Visitor Attitude and Market Survey for Planning Community-based Tourism Initiatives in Rural Ladakh |
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Report |
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2001 |
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SLC Field Series Document No. 2. |
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Keywords |
attitude; survey; planning; community-based; tourism; rural; Ladakh; mountain; range; Himalaya; Karakoram; land; landscapes; landscape; gorge; home; wildlife; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; tibetan; Tibetan wild ass; wild; wild ass; wild-ass; High; desert; ecosystem; International; domestic; environment; people; conserve; resource; income; Snow Leopard Conservancy; local; community; Organization; co-existence; predators; predator; endangered; reducing; livestock; livestock depredation; livestock-depredation; depredation; loss |
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Abstract |
Bounded by two of the world's highest mountain ranges, the Great Himalaya and the Karakoram, Ladakh is a land of exhilarating mountain landscapes, rocky gorges and a unique cultural heritage. It is also home to distinctive wildlife such as the snow leopard, blue sheep and Tibetan wild ass, all living in a unique high altitude desert ecosystem. Not surprisingly, Ladakh is becoming a sought after tourist destination for international and domestic visitors alike. Over the past two decades tourism has grown substantially, although erratically, with both positive and less positive results for Ladakh's environment and people. People are recognizing that it is important to act now and engage in an informed dialogue in order to conserve the natural and cultural resources on which the future of tourism and related incomes depend. The Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) is working in collaboration with local communities and nongovernmental organizations to foster co-existence between people and predators like the endangered snow leopard by reducing livestock depredation losses and improving household incomes in environmentally friendly, socially responsible and economically viable ways. Well-balanced tourism is one income generating option. |
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Los Gatos, California |
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SLN @ rana @ 1023 |
Serial |
960 |
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Author |
The Snow Leopard Conservancy |
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Title |
A Survey of Kathmandu-based Trekking Agencies: Market Opportunities for Linking Community-Based Ecotourism with the Conservation of Snow Leopard in the Annapurna Conservation Area. Report prepared for WWF-Nepal Programme |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
SLC Field Series Document No. 4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-22 |
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Keywords |
survey; trekking; linking; community-based; ecotourism; conservation; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; annapurna; annapurna conservation area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; area; Report; trust; nature; nature conservation; Acap; Snow Leopard Conservancy; project; Manang; local; community; environment; Culture; population; number; blue; blue sheep; blue-sheep; sheep; endangered; cat; prey; Himalaya; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; kill; livestock; killing; herders; herder; conflict; local people; people; wildlife; tourism; incentive; protect; predator; conserve; alpine; habitat |
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Abstract |
In 2001 the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (KMTNC), Annapurna Conservation Area (ACAP), Snow Leopard Conservancy (SLC) and WWF-Nepal initiated a collaborative project aimed at enhancing ecotourism in the Manang area, in ways that strengthen benefits to local communities while also protecting the environment and the local culture. Manang is known for its relatively dense snow leopard population, along with supporting good numbers of blue sheep, the endangered cat's principal prey through much of the Himalaya. However, snow leopards periodically kill many livestock, leading to retributive killing by herders along with other associated people-wildlife conflict. In order to encourage the local people to better co-exist with snow leopards and other wildlife, SLC, WWF-Nepal and ACAP agreed to explore ways of providing tourism benefits to local communities as an incentive to protect this rare predator and conserve its alpine habitat. Key in this regard is the possibility of developing locally guided nature treks, and accordingly, this survey was conducted in order to assess existing market opportunities and constraints to such ecotourism enterprise. |
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Los Gatos, California |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 1022 |
Serial |
962 |
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Author |
Shrestha, R.; Wegge, P.; Koirala, R.A. |
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Title |
Summer diets of wild and domestic ungulates in Nepal Himalaya |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
266 |
Issue |
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Pages |
111-119 |
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Keywords |
argali; blue sheep; Capra hircus; diet; faecal analysis; fecal analysis; mountain ungulates; Ovis ammon hodgsoni; pseudois nayaur |
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Abstract |
The selection of summer forage by three sympatric ungulates in the Damodar Kunda region of upper Mustang in
north Nepal was studied to assess the extent of food overlap between them. To compare their diets, a microhistological technique of faecal analysis was used, adjusted for inherent biases by comparing it with bite-count data obtained in domestic goats. Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni, naur (blue sheep or bharal) Pseudois nayaur and domestic goat Capra hircus consumed mostly forbs, graminoids and browse, respectively. The proportions of food items in their diets were significantly different both at the plant species (P<0.02) and at the forage category level (P<0.001). Except for sharing three common plants (Agrostis sp., Stipa sp. and Potentilla fruticosa), dietary overlap at the species level was quite low. At the forage category level, naur and domestic goat overlapped more than the other ungulate pairs. Although all three species were opportunistic, mixed feeders, argali was a more selective forb specialist grazer than the other two ungulates. Owing to some spatial separation and little dietary overlap, interspecific competition for summer forage was low. If animal densities increase, however, goats are expected to compete more with naur than with argali because of their more similar diets. Owing to differences in forage selection by argali and naur throughout their large geographical ranges, reflecting adaptations to local ecological conditions, inferences regarding forage competition between domestic livestock and these two wild caprins need to be made from local, site-specific studies, rather than from general diet comparisons. |
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The Zoological Society of London |
Place of Publication ![sorted by Place of Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
London |
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no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 934 |
Serial |
888 |
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Author |
Kattel, B.; Bajimaya, S.S. |
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Title |
Status and Conservation of Snow Leopard in Nepal |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
21-27 |
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Keywords |
Nepal; conservation; status; management; predator; prey; blue-sheep; distribution; ecology; habitat; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; livestock; herders; Dogs; herder; yak; goat; hunting; poaching; bone; trade; fur; pelt; pelts; coats; bones; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; protected area; 2280 |
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Publisher |
International Snow Leopard Trust |
Place of Publication ![sorted by Place of Publication field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ashiq |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 316 |
Serial |
526 |
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Author |
Ahmad, I.; Hunter, D.O.; Jackson, R. |
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Title |
A Snow Leopard and Prey Species Survey in Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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92-95 |
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Slims; Islt; Wwf; predator; prey; Pakistan; Khunjerab; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Marco-Polo-sheep; blue-sheep; surveys; survey; transect; sighn; markings; marking; scrape; spray; ibex; tracks; pug marks; feces; livestock; kill; herder; herders; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; international snow leopard trust; world wildlife fund; marco polo sheep; marco polo; pug; marks; protected area; protected areas; protected; area; areas; 2810 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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English |
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Title, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 300 |
Serial |
42 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Chundawat, R.S. |
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Title |
Evaluation of Snow Leopard Sign Abundance in the Upper Indus Valley |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
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Pages |
66-74 |
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India; Ladakh; Jammu; Kashmir; transect; survey; habitat; park; parks; reserves; reserve; refuge; field-study; marks; scrape; scrapes; spray; marking; behavior; tracks; autocad; predator; prey; ibex; blue-sheep; marmot; livestock; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; 2730 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
Editor |
R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 307 |
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308 |
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Author |
Yangzom, D. |
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Title |
Qomolangma National Nature Preserve in Tibet |
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Conference Article |
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1997 |
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216-217 |
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Tibet; Xizang; parks; park; reserve; reserves; refuge; Qomolangma; blue-sheep; China; management; ecotourism; poaching; protected-area; blue; sheep; browse; protected; area; areas; 3060 |
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Islt |
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Lahore, Pakistan |
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R.Jackson; A.Ahmad |
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Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Eighth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Islamabad, PakistanDate of Copyright: 1997 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 332 |
Serial |
1052 |
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Author |
Fox, J.L.; Jackson, R.M. |
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Title |
Blue Sheep and Snow Leopards in Bhutan and Trans-Himalayan Nepal: Recent Status Evaluations and Their Application to Research and Conservation |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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blue; sheep; Nepal; snow; leopard; status; Himalaya; Himalayan; Bhutan; population; indices; conservation; monitoring; 4930 |
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Islt |
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Islt |
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abstract onlyTitle, Monographic: Proceedings of the Snow Leopard Survival SummitPlace of Meeting: Seattle,WA |
Approved |
no |
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SLN @ rana @ 479 |
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311 |
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Author |
Ghoshal, A., Bhatnagar, Y. V., Pandav, B., Sharma, K., Mshra, C. |
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Title |
Assessing changes in distribution of the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia and its wild prey over 2 decades in the Indian Himalaya through interviewbased occupancy surveys |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
Publication |
Oryx |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1-13 |
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Asiatic ibex, blue sheep, carnivore, occupancy, snow leopard, survey, threat, ungulate |
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Abstract |
Understanding species distributions, patterns of
change and threats can form the basis for assessing the conservation
status of elusive species that are difficult to survey.
The snow leopard Panthera uncia is the top predator of the
Central and South Asian mountains. Knowledge of the distribution
and status of this elusive felid and its wild prey is
limited. Using recall-based key-informant interviews we estimated
site use by snow leopards and their primary wild
prey, blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and Asiatic ibex Capra
sibirica, across two time periods (past: �; recent:
�) in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India. We
also conducted a threat assessment for the recent period.
Probability of site use was similar across the two time periods
for snow leopards, blue sheep and ibex, whereas for wild
prey (blue sheep and ibex combined) overall there was an
% contraction. Although our surveys were conducted in
areas within the presumed distribution range of the snow
leopard, we found snow leopards were using only % of
the area (, km). Blue sheep and ibex had distinct distribution
ranges. Snow leopards and their wild prey were not
restricted to protected areas, which encompassed only %
of their distribution within the study area. Migratory livestock
grazing was pervasive across ibex distribution range
and was the most widespread and serious conservation
threat. Depredation by free-ranging dogs, and illegal hunting
and wildlife trade were the other severe threats. Our
results underscore the importance of community-based, landscape-
scale conservation approaches and caution against reliance
on geophysical and opinion-based distribution maps that have been used to estimate national and global snow leopard ranges. |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
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1463 |
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Author |
Schaller, G. |
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Title |
Survey of Mountain Wildlife in Xinjiang, Report # 7 |
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Miscellaneous |
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1988 |
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Xinjiang; Arjin; shan; Kunlun; Taxkorgan; reserve; park; protected-area; China; antelope; wild-ass; argali; blue-sheep; gazzele; wolf; browse; 4290 |
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Full Text at URL |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
SLN @ rana @ 392 |
Serial |
855 |
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Author |
Thapa, K., Rayamajhi, S. |
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Title |
Anti-predator strategies of blue sheep (naur) under varied predator compositions: a comparison of snow leopard-inhabited valleys with and without wolves in Nepal |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Wildlife Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Pages |
1-9 |
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Annapurna conservation area, antipredator behavior, blue sheep (Naur), predation, prey predator traits, snow leopard, trade-off, wolf. |
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Abstract |
In Nepal, naur are usually the staple wild prey for the snow leopard, a solitary stalker hunter, and in some cases, for the wolf who hunts in a pack. We assumed that naur would adapt their anti-predatory responses to the presence of chasing and ambushing predators in the Manang Valley, where there are snow leopards and wolves, and in the Nar Phu valley, an area where there is only the snow leopard.
Aims. The aim of this study was to determine if there were differences in anti-predator strategies (vigilance, habitat selection and escape terrain) of naur in two valleys over two seasons, spring and autumn.
Methods. In spring 2019, we conducted a reconnaissance survey on the status of the naur and its habitat in the Manang and Nar Phu valleys of the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. In spring and autumn 2020 and 2021, we observed 360 focal naur individuals (180 individuals in each valley), using the vigilance behaviour methodology to examine the behaviour of the naur.
Key results. There was little difference in the size of the naur groups between the Manang and Nar Phu valleys. The naur were twice as vigilant in Manang (15%), where there are snow leopards and wolves, as they were in Nar Phu (9%), with only snow leopards. The distance from the naur to escape cover was significantly shorter in Manang than in Nar Phu valley. Naur used significantly more rolling terrain in Nar Phu than in Manang. Conclusions. The return of wolves to the Manang valley may have resulted in an increase in the level of naur vigilance. Most likely, the wolves in Manang have already had an effect on the female-to-young-ratio, and this effect will possibly have important consequences for the naur population, as well as at the ecosystem level in the future. Other key determining factors, such as the climate crisis and changes in local resources, could have a significant impact on the naur population, indicating the need for more research. Implications. The findings of this study would provide valuable baseline information for the design of a science-based conservation strategy for conservation managers and scientists on naur, snow leopards and wolves. |
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no |
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SLN @ rakhee @ |
Serial |
1732 |
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Author |
Lu, Q., Xiao, L., Cheng, C., Lu, Z., Zhao, J., Yao, M. |
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Title |
Snow Leopard Dietary Preferences and Livestock Predation Revealed by Fecal DNA Metabarcoding: No Evidence for Apparent Competition Between Wild and Domestic Prey |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
783546 |
Pages |
1 - 14 |
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Keywords |
apparent mutualism, blue sheep, feeding habits, molecular dietary analysis, human-carnivore conflict, prey selection, Sanjiangyuan |
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Abstract |
Accurate assessments of the patterns and drivers of livestock depredation by wild carnivores are vital for designing effective mitigation strategies to reduce human-wildlife conflict. Snow leopard’s (Panthera uncia) range extensively overlaps pastoralist land- use and livestock predation there is widely reported, but the ecological determinants of livestock consumption by snow leopards remain obscure. We investigated snow leopard dietary habits at seven sites across the Sanjiangyuan region of the Qinghai– Tibetan Plateau (QTP), an area central to the species’ global range. Snow leopard abundance, wild prey composition, and livestock density varied among those sites, thus allowing us to test the effects of various factors on snow leopard diet and livestock predation. Using DNA metabarcoding, we obtained highly resolved dietary data from 351 genetically verified snow leopard fecal samples. We then analyzed the prey preferences of snow leopards and examined ecological factors related to their livestock consumption. Across the sites, snow leopard prey was composed mainly of wild ungulates (mean = 81.5% of dietary sequences), particularly bharal (Pseudois nayaur), and supplemented with livestock (7.62%) and smaller mammals (marmots, pikas, mice; 10.7%). Snow leopards showed a strong preference for bharal, relative to livestock, based on their densities. Interestingly, both proportional and total livestock consumption by snow leopards increased linearly with local livestock biomass, but not with livestock density. That, together with a slight negative relationship with bharal density, supports apparent facilitation between wild and domestic prey. We also found a significant positive correlation between population densities of snow leopard and bharal, yet those densities showed slight negative relationships with livestock density. Our results highlight the importance of sufficient wild ungulate abundance to the conservation of viable snow leopard populations. Additionally, livestock protection is critically needed to reduce losses to snow leopard depredation, especially where local livestock abundances are high. |
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1675 |
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