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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | Save the Snow Leopard. (Road and Gas Pipeline Project Threatens Ecology of Siberia) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | The Ecologist | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 30 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 14 |
Keywords | pipeline; siberia; Russia; ecology; habitat; environmentalism; browse; 1030 | ||||
Abstract | An interregional organisation called Siberian Accord plans to construct a road and gas pipeline to China, This association, which has vast political powers, exists to create favorable conditions for investing in Siberia. | ||||
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Notes | Copyright 2000 MIT Press Journals Document Type: English | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 393 | Serial | 90 | ||
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Author | Durbach, I., Borchers, D., Sutherland, C., Sharma, K. | ||||
Title | Fast, flexible alternatives to regular grid designs for spatial capture–recapture. | Type | Research Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Methods in Ecology and Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-13 | ||
Keywords | camera trap, population ecology,sampling, spatial capture-recapture, surveys | ||||
Abstract | Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) methods use the location of detectors (camera traps, hair snares and live-capture traps) and the locations at which animals were detected (their spatial capture histories) to estimate animal density. Despite the often large expense and effort involved in placing detectors in a landscape, there has been relatively little work on how detectors should be located. A natural criterion is to place traps so as to maximize the precision of density estimators, but the lack of a closed-form expression for precision has made optimizing this criterion computationally demanding. 2. Recent results by Efford and Boulanger (2019) show that precision can be well approximated by a function of the expected number of detected individuals and expected number of recapture events, both of which can be evaluated at low computational cost. We use these results to develop a method for obtaining survey designs that optimize this approximate precision for SCR studies using count or binary proximity detectors, or multi-catch traps. 3. We show how the basic design protocol can be extended to incorporate spatially varying distributions of activity centres and animal detectability. We illustrate our approach by simulating from a camera trap study of snow leopards in Mongolia and comparing estimates from our designs to those generated by regular or optimized grid designs. Optimizing detector placement increased the number of detected individuals and recaptures, but this did not always lead to more precise density estimators due to less precise estimation of the effective sampling area. In most cases, the precision of density estimators was comparable to that obtained with grid designs, with improvement in some scenarios where approximate CV(¬D) < 20% and density varied spatially. 4. Designs generated using our approach are transparent and statistically grounded. They can be produced for survey regions of any shape, adapt to known information about animal density and detectability, and are potentially easier and less costly to implement. We recommend their use as good, flexible candidate designs for SCR surveys when reasonable knowledge of model parameters exists. We provide software for researchers to construct their own designs, in the form of updates to design functions in the r package oSCR. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1618 | |||
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Author | Wikramanayake, E.; Moktan, V.; Aziz, T.; Khaling, S.; Khan, A.; Tshering, D. | ||||
Title | The WWF Snow Leopard Action Strategy for the Himalayan Region | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-21 | ||
Keywords | behaviour; biodiversity; conservation; ecology; Himalayan; protected area; snow leopard; strategy; Wwf | ||||
Abstract | As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But, because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however, suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas. While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels. The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress. |
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Notes | Report 1-23. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 921 | Serial | 1022 | ||
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Author | Vashetko, E.; Esipov A.; Bykova, E.; Kreuzberg, E. | ||||
Title | Snow Leopard Bibliography. Central Asia (Abstracts) | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | analysis; asia; bibliography; central; Central Asia; conservation; ecology; International; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; international snow leopard trust; Islt; leopard; project; region; Russian; snow; snow-leopard; snow leopard; species; trust; work | ||||
Abstract | Bibliography of the Snow Leopard included publications on the studying various questions of ecology and conservation of the Snow Leopard in Central Asia (305) for the period 1873 to 2004. The most important works on this species in the region, as well as results of the analysis of timing of publications was described. | ||||
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Notes | English version. Also available in Russian in the SLN bibliography. Project supported by International Snow Leopard Trust (ISLT), was carried out in 2004-2005. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1061 | Serial | 983 | ||
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Author | Schaller, G.B. | ||||
Title | On meeting a Snow Leopard | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1972 | Publication | Animal Kingdom | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 75 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 7-13 |
Keywords | Pakistan; ecology; conservation; distribution; livestock; goat; baiting; reserves; reserve; park; parks; refuge; behavior; protected-area; browse; protected area; protected; area; 2220 | ||||
Abstract | Discusses snow leopard distribution, ecology and conservation. Describes baiting (with a domestic goat) of a snow leopard and cub in a game reserve in Northern Pakistan. Incudes a description of the Leopard killing a goat, and observations over a week when the leopards were feeding on the goat baits. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 23 | Serial | 861 | ||
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Author | Raj, R.D. | ||||
Title | A Green Chief Minister in a Green State | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 4 | ||
Keywords | India; snow-leopard; management; ecology; parks; reserves; snow leopard; browse; 1050 | ||||
Abstract | As chief minister of the Indian state of Sikkim, Pawan Kumar Chamling has the onerous job of protecting one of the hottest biodiversity properties in the world. Chamling has been more than equal to the task. Last month, he earned the title of “greenest chief minister” of India's 22 federal states for policies that range from banning plastic bags to cancelling a major hydro-electric project. | ||||
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Notes | Copyright (c) 1999 Inter Press Service Journal Title: Inter Press Service | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 369 | Serial | 803 | ||
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Author | Oli, M.K. | ||||
Title | Ecology and conservation of snow leopard project | Type | Report | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | 6628 | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | |
Keywords | 1990; conservation; ecology; Report; snow leopard; Wwf | ||||
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Notes | WWF Project #6628: progress report 2 for the period December 1990 – March 1991. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 984 | Serial | 743 | ||
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Author | Oli, M.K. | ||||
Title | The ecology and conservation of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1991 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | annapurna; conservation; area; Annapurna-Conservation-Area; ecology; Nepal; parks; park; reserves; reserve; refuge; potected-area; protected; browse; 2390 | ||||
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Corporate Author | Thesis | Ph.D. thesis | |||
Publisher | University of Edinburgh, Scotland. | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Notes | Phil. thesis | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 183 | Serial | 742 | ||
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Author | Ming, M.; Yun, G.; Bo, W. | ||||
Title | Man & the Biosphere: The special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards in China | Type | Journal | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Man & the Biosphere | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 54 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1-80 |
Keywords | conservation; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; China; Chinese; national; 80; 200; endangered; McCarthy; awareness; action; surveys; survey; Tomur; mountain; Kunlun; mountains; Xinjiang; ecology; enterprises; Mongolia; Bayarjargal; 180; flagship-species; species; ecosystems; ecosystem; photography; Tianshan Mountains; attack; livestock; home; plateau; 30; snow-leopard-enterprises; 7080 | ||||
Abstract | The Chinese magazine <Man & the Biosphere> (Series No. 54, No. 6, 2008) -- A special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards was published by the Chinese National Committee for Man & the Biosphere in 15th December 2008. It is about 80 pages including ten articles with 200 color pictures. The special editors of this issue are the experts from SLT/XCF Prof. MaMing, Mrs. Ge Yun and Mr. Wen Bo. The first paper is “A King of Snow Peaks, Another Endangered Flagship Species” by Dr. Thomas McCarthy, Dr. Urs Breitenmmoser and Dr. Christine Breitenmoser-Wursten (Page 1-1). Another paper “ Conservation : Turning Awareness to Action ” is also from Dr. Thomas McCarthy (Pages from 6-17). There are four articles including the diary and story of the Surveys in Tomur Mountain and Kunlun Mountains written by Prof. MaMing, Mr. XuFeng, Miss Chen Ying and Miss Cheng Yun from the Xinjiang Snow Leopard Group and XCF, the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The last is “Snow Leopard Enterprises ” -- A Story from Mongolia by Mrs. Jennifer Snell Rullman and Mrs. Agvaantseren Bayarjargal (Bayara). It is a very useful copy for the conservation in China. Cited as: Ma Ming, GeYun and WenBo (Special editors of this issue). 2008. The special series for the conservation of Snow Leopards in China. Man & the Biosphere 2008(6): 1-80. Contents 1, A king of snow peaks, another endangered flagship species (Synopsis) ------------- 1-1 The contents --------------------------------------------- ( pages from 2-3 ) 2, Protecting Snow Leopard means protecting a healthy eco-systems -------------- 4-5 3, Conservation: Turning awareness into action -------------- 6-17 4, Chinese Snow Leopard Team goes into action -------------- 18-25 5, A diary of infrared photography -------------- 26-35 6, Why have the snow leopards in the Tianshan Mountains begun to attack livestock? --- 36-43 7, The mystery of the Snow Leopards coming down the Tianshan Mountains ----------- 44-45 8, Snow leopards secluded Home on the Plateau ------------- 46-59 9, He saw Snow Leopards 30 years ago ------------- 60-69 10, Snow Leopard Enterprises -- A story from Mongolia ------------- 70-80 |
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Notes | Articles are posted individually in the bibliography. Please look up articles by author. In Chinese. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 977 | Serial | 684 | ||
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Author | McCarthy, T.; Khan, J.; Ud-Din, J.; McCarthy, K. | ||||
Title | First study of snow leopards using GPS-satellite collars underway in Pakistan | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 46 | Issue | Spring | Pages | 22-23 |
Keywords | study; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; using; collars; collar; Pakistan; uncia; Uncia uncia; Uncia-uncia; habitat; Cats; cat; sound; knowledge; ecology; behavior; conserve; information; radio; radio collars; radio collar; radio-collars; radio-collar; Nepal; 1980; Mongolia; 1990; Gps; Report; Data; Satellite | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards (Uncia uncia) are highly cryptic and occupy remote inaccessible habitat, making studying the cats difficult in the extreme. Yet sound knowledge of the cat's ecology, behavior and habitat needs is required to intelligently conserve them. This information is lacking for snow leopards, and until recently so was the means to fill that knowledge gap. Two long-term studies of snow leopards using VHF radio collars have been undertaken in Nepal (1980s) and Mongolia (1990s) but logistical and technological constraints made the findings of both studies equivocal. Technological advances in the interim, such as GPS collars which report data via satellite, make studies of snow leopards more promising, at least in theory. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1009 | Serial | 666 | ||
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Author | McCarthy, T. | ||||
Title | Update: Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Snow Line | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Xii | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-4 |
Keywords | conservation; ecology; Mongolia; snow leopard | ||||
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Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 239 | Serial | 654 | ||
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Author | Koshkarev, E.P. | ||||
Title | The snow leopard in Kyrgyzstan. The composition of the area, ecology, and protection | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | Kyrgyzstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; Ussr; ecology; conservation; browse; soviet union; soviet; union; 2580; Russian | ||||
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Notes | Frunze. In Russian. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 152 | Serial | 572 | ||
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Author | Dyikanova, C. | ||||
Title | A public awareness outreach programme on Snow Leopards for the Kyrgyz Republic, Final Report | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-4 | ||
Keywords | project; awareness; local; local people; people; staff; Base; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; conservation; ecology; threats; threat; Kyrgyzstan; regional; areas; area; public; snow leopards; snow-leopards; leopards; Kyrgyz; Kyrgyz-Republic; republic; Report; International; international snow leopard trust; International-Snow-Leopard-Trust; trust; program; community | ||||
Abstract | The principle goal of the project was to raise awareness of local people, staff of frontier posts, customs and foreign military base on snow leopard, and its conservation. In the framework of the project the following steps were to be executed: A) To disseminate printing materials: a booklet, poster, card and calendar. b) To publish articles on snow leopard ecology and conservation issues and threats in Kyrgyzstan regional newspapers (Issyk-Kul, Osh, and Chui areas) C) To hold follow-up meeting with target groups D) To evaluate project results |
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Notes | Project funded by International Snow Leopard Trust Small Grants Program. Community and Business Forum, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1066 | Serial | 248 | ||
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Author | Fox, J. | ||||
Title | A Review of the Status and Ecology of the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | 5440; status; ecology; snow; snow leopard; snow-leopard; leopard; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; uncia | ||||
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Publisher | International Snow Leopard Trust | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Booklet | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 528 | Serial | 285 | ||
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Author | Jackson, R. | ||||
Title | Species Survival Commission Plan for Snow Leopard | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | conservation; management; ecology; browse; 2080 | ||||
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Notes | Unpub. draft for Cat Specialist Action Plan, IUCN, Gland. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 192 | Serial | 449 | ||
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Author | Fox, J.L. | ||||
Title | A review of the status and ecology of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
Year | 1989 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | status; ecology; distribution; browse; behavior; Russia; China; Mongolia; Soviet-Union; Pakistan; India; Nepal; Afganastan; Bhutan; mating; sexual-behavior; research; surveys; scrapes; sprays; habitat; 2050 | ||||
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Notes | Full Text at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 137 | Serial | 294 | ||
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Author | Changxi, X., Bai, D., Lambert, J. P., Li, Y., Cering, L., Gong, Z., Riordan, P., Shi, K. | ||||
Title | How Snow Leopards Share the Same Landscape with Tibetan Agro-pastoral Communities in the Chinese Himalayas | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Journal of Resources and Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 483-500 |
Keywords | habitat use; landscape ecology; occupancy model; Qomolangma; Panthera uncia | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard (Panthera uncia) inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism, including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese Himalayas. Despite these positive attitudes, many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards, altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their conservation. We adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multi-scale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km2 communal landscape. We ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a year. HABITAT was the optimal model in winter, whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer (AICcw≤2). Overall, model performance was better in the winter than in the summer, suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not measured. Among the individual variables, terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter, but not in the summer. Univariate modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale (4000 m focal radius) but with a lesser scale in summer (30 m); Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22° at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons, which is possibly correlated with prey occurrence. Furthermore, all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities (presence of settlements and grazing intensity). Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use, even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast landscape. This study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future, especially regarding covariate selection for finite sample sizes in inaccessible terrain. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1698 | ||
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Author | Feh, C. | ||||
Title | Ecology and social structure of the Gobi khulan Equus hemionus subsp. in the Gobi B. National Park, Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Biological Conservation | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 101 | Issue | Pages | 51-61 | |
Keywords | Equus hemionus; Ecology and social structure; Gobi National Park; Mongolia; 5250 | ||||
Abstract | The status of the Gobi khulan Equus hemionus subsp. is recorded as ``insufficiently known'' in the Species Survival Commission's Equid Action Plan. Recent counts confirm that Mongolia holds the most important population of the whole species. Since 1953, the animals have benefited from a protected status, but this is now challenged. A 5-year study in the B part of the Gobi National Park on one subpopulation showed that it has remained stable over the past 15 years with an adequate mean reproductive rate of 15% and a 50% survival rate over the first year. Age/sex related mortality and prey analysis indicate that wolf predation probably has some impact on the population, in particular for 4-6-year-olds of both sexes at the start of reproduction. Desert and mountain steppes are the khulan's year-round preferred habitat, but `oases', play an important role at the beginning of lactation. Anthropogenic factors affect both home range and habitat use through direct intervention or permanent occupation of the scarce water sources. Khulans of this subpopulation, unlike other Asian and African wild asses, form year-round stable, non-territorial families. These families and all-male groups join together into ``bands'' in winter, and herds of several hundred animals, where reproductive rate is highest, form throughout the year. The existence of such herds may thus be critical for the breeding success of the population. Our study provides the first detailed quantitative data for this subspecies, which will help to monitor changes in the future. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||||
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Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 510 | Serial | 271 | ||
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Author | Anonymous | ||||
Title | A snow leopard conservation plan for Mongolia | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
Keywords | awareness; behaviour; biodiversity; conservation plan; decline; density; ecology; fund-raising; funding; habitat degradation; Himalayan; management; Mongolia; montane; pastoralists; pelt; predator; snow-leopard-conservation-plan; snow leopard; trade; Wwf | ||||
Abstract | The snow leopard faces multiple threats in the Himalayan region, from habitat degradation, loss of prey, the trade in pelts, parts and live animals, and conflict with humans, primarily pastoralists. Consequently, the populations are considered to be in decline and the species is listed as Endangered in the IUCN's Red List. As a 'flagship' and 'umbrella' species the snow leopard can be a unifying biological feature to raise awareness of its plight and the need for conservation, which will benefit other facets of Himalayan biodiversity as well. Some studies of snow leopards have been conducted in the Himalayan region. But, because of its elusive nature and preference for remote and inaccessible habitat, knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of this mystical montane predator is scant. The available information, however, suggests that snow leopards occur at low densities and large areas of habitat are required to conserve a viable population. Thus, many researchers and conservationists have advocated landscape-scale approaches to conservation within a regional context, rather than focusing on individual protected areas.This regional strategy for WWF's snow leopard conservation program is built on such an approach. The following were identified as important regional issues: 1) international trade in snow leopards and parts; 2) the human-snow leopard conflict; 3) the need for a landscape approach to conservation to provide large spatial areas that can support demographically and ecologically viable snow leopard metapopulations; 4) research on snow leopard ecology to develop long-term, science-based conservation management plans; and 5) regional coordination and dialog. While the issues are regional, the WWF's in the region have developed 5-year strategic actions and activities, using the regional strategies as a touchstone, which will be implemented at national levels. The WWF's will develop proposals based on these strategic actions, with estimated budgets, for use by the network for funding and fund-raising. WWF also recognizes the need to collaborate and coordinate within the network and with other organizations in the region to achieve conservation goals in an efficient manner, and will form a working group to coordinate activities and monitor progress. | ||||
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Notes | Publication date unknown but must be at least from 2000. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 995 | Serial | 92 | ||
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Author | McCarthy, T.; Murray, K.; Sharma, K.; Johansson, O. | ||||
Title | Preliminary results of a long-term study of snow leopards in South Gobi, Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Cat News | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Autumn | Issue | 53 | Pages | 15-19 |
Keywords | snow leopard, Mongolia, monitor, population, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, South Gobi, ecology, radio collar, GPS-satellite collar, home range, camera trapping, fecal genetics, occupancy modeling | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopards Panthera uncia are under threat across their range and require urgent conservation actions based on sound science. However, their remote habitat and cryptic nature make them inherently difficult to study and past attempts have provided insufficient information upon which to base effective conservation. Further, there has been no statistically-reliable and cost-effective method available to monitor snow leopard populations, focus conservation effort on key populations, or assess conservation impacts. To address these multiple information needs, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, and Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, launched an ambitious long-term study in Mongolia’s South Gobi province in 2008. To date, 10 snow leo-pards have been fitted with GPS-satellite collars to provide information on basic snow leopard ecology. Using 2,443 locations we calculated MCP home ranges of 150 – 938 km2, with substantial overlap between individuals. Exploratory movements outside typical snow leopard habitat have been observed. Trials of camera trapping, fecal genetics, and occupancy modeling, have been completed. Each method ex-hibits promise, and limitations, as potential monitoring tools for this elusive species. | ||||
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1151 | ||
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Author | Zhirjakov, V.A. | ||||
Title | On the ecology of the snow leopard in the Zailisky-Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1990 | Publication | Int Ped Book of Snow Leopards | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 6 | Issue | Pages | 25-30 | |
Keywords | Tien-Shan; ecology; China; browse; Kazakhstan; Russia; Soviet-Union; distribution; population; prey; behavior; food-habits; scat-analysis; 3240 | ||||
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Notes | Full text available at URL | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 168 | Serial | 1078 | ||
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Author | Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association | ||||
Title | Mongolian Biosphere & Ecology Association Report March 2010 | Type | Manuscript | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Keywords | nature; tourism; surveys; survey; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; attack; domestic; Animals; Animal; illegal; illegal hunting; hunting; territory; province; 2010; hunt; 1990; movements; movement; pasture; desert; number; species; birds; river; mountain; hunters; hunter; recent; government; structure; management; national; central; people; Report; gobi; Gobi Desert; reproduction; Adult; meat; food; ibex; wild; wild sheep; sheep; marmot; nutrition; schools; population; use; local; big; big game; big-game; game; 310; mountains; wolves; wolf; Seasons; times; zones; global; Mongolia; 40; history; ecology | ||||
Abstract | In accordance with order of the Ministry of Nature and Tourism, zoologists of our association have made surveys in three ways such as reasons why snow leopards attack domestic animals, “Snow leopard” trial operation to count them and illegal hunting in territories of Khovd, Gobi-Altai, Bayankhongor, Uvurkhangai and Umnugobi provinces from September 2009 to January 2010. As result of these surveys it has made the following conclusions in the followings: Reason to hunt them illegally: the principal reason is that administrative units have been increased and territories of administrative units have been diminished. There have been four provinces in 1924 to 1926, 18 since 1965, 21 since 1990. Such situation limits movements of herdsmen completely and pastures digressed much than ever before. As result of such situation, 70% of pastures become desert. Such digression caused not only heads of animals and also number of species. Guarantee is that birds such as owls, cuckoo, willow grouse in banks of Uyert river, Burkhanbuudai mountain, located in Biger soum, Gobi-Altai province, which are not hunted by hunters, are disappearing in the recent two decades. For that reason we consider it is urgently necessary for the government to convert administrative unit structures into four provinces. This would influence herdsmen moving across hundreds km and pastures could depart from digression. Second reason: cooperative movement won. The issues related to management and strengthening of national cooperatives, considered by Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in the meeting in March 1953 was the start of cooperatives' movement. Consideration by Yu. Tsedenbal, chairman of Ministers Council, chairman of the MPRP, on report “Result of to unify popular units and some important issues to maintain entity management of agricultural cooperatives” in the fourth meeting by the Central Committee of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party /MPRP/ on December 16-17, 1959, proclaimed complete victory of cooperative. At the end of 1959, it could unify 767 small cooperative into 389 ones, unify 99.3 % of herdsmen and socialize 73.3 % of animals. The remaining of animals amount 6 million 163 thousands animals, and equals to 26.7% of total animals. This concerned number of animals related to the article mentioned that every family should have not more that 50 animals in Khangai zone and not more 75 animals in Gobi desert. It shows that such number could not satisfy needs of family if such number is divided into five main animals in separating with reproduction animals and adult animals. So herdsmen started hunt hoofed animals secretly and illegally in order to satisfy their meat needs. Those animals included main food of snow leopard such as ibex, wild sheep, and marmot. Third reason is that the state used to hunt ibex, which are main nutrition of snow leopards, every year. The administrative unit of the soum pursued policy to hunt ibex in order to provide meat needs of secondary schools and hospitals. That's why this affected decrease of ibex population. Preciously from 1986 to 1990 the permissions to hunt one thousands of wild sheep and two thousands of ibexes were hunt for domestic alimentary use every year. Not less than 10 local hunters of every soum used to take part in big game of ibexes. Also they hunted many ibexes, chose 3-10 best ibexes and hid them in the mountains for their consummation during hunting. Fourth reason: hunting of wolves. Until 1990 the state used to give prizes to hunter, who killed a wolf in any seasons of the year. Firstly it offered a sheep for the wolf hunter and later it gave 25 tugrugs /15 USD/. Every year, wolf hunting was organized several times especially picking wolf-cubs influenced spread and population of wolves. So snow leopard came to the places where wolves survived before and attack domestic animals. Such situation continued until 1990. Now population of ibexes has decreased than before 1990 since the state stopped hunting wolves, population of wolves increased in mountainous zones. We didn't consider it had been right since it was natural event. However population of ibexes decreased. Fifth reason: Global warming. In recent five years it has had a drought and natural disaster from excessive snow in the places where it has never had such natural disasters before. But Mongolia has 40 million heads of domestic animals it has never increased like such quantity in its history before. We consider it is not incorrect that decrease of domestic animals could give opportunities to raise population of wild animals. Our next survey is to make attempt to fix heads of snow leopards correctly with low costs. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rana @ 1100 | Serial | 705 | ||
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Author | Sharma, S., Thapa, K., Chalise, M., Dutta, T., Bhatnagar, Y.V., McCarthy, T. | ||||
Title | The snow leopard in Himalaya: A step towards their conservation by studying their distribution, marking habitat selection, coexistence with other predators, and wild prey-livestock-predator interaction | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Conservation Biology in Asia | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 184-196 | ||
Keywords | Himalaya, Nepal, ecology, snow leopard, Uncia uncia, prey, livestock, predator | ||||
Abstract | Snow leopard (Uncia uncial) is a flagship species of the Himalaya. Very few studies have been done on the ecology of this species in the Himalaya. This paper presents an overview of four studies conducted on snow leopards in Nepal and India, dealing with various aspects of snow leopard ecology including their status assessment, making behaviour, habitat selection, food habits, and impact on livestock. The information generated by these studies is useful in planning effective conservation and management strategies for this endangered top predator of high mountains. | ||||
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Notes | Paper 12; From: Pages 184-196 of Conservation Biology in Asia (2006) McNeely, J.A., T. M. McCarthy, A. Smith, L.Olsvig-Whittaker, and E.D. Wikramanayake (editors). Published by the Society for Conservation Biology Asia Section and Resources Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal, 455 pp. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1130 | ||
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Author | Sharma, K. | ||||
Title | The mysterious irbis | Type | Magazine Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Sanctuary Asia | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 28 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 52-57 |
Keywords | Mongolia, Snow Leopard Conservation Fund, Panthera, Snow Leopard Trust, long-term, ecology, Tost, snow leopard | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | SLN @ rana @ | Serial | 1300 | ||
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Author | Suryawanshi, K. R., Khanyari, M., Sharma, K., Lkhagvajav, P., Mishra, C. | ||||
Title | Sampling bias in snow leopard population estimation studies | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Population Eccology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-9 | ||
Keywords | camera trap, Central Asia, Himalaya, meta-analysis, monitoring, Panthera uncia, population ecology | ||||
Abstract | Accurate assessments of the status of threatened species and their conservation planning require reliable estimation of their global populations and robust monitoring of local population trends. We assessed the adequacy and suitability of studies in reliably estimating the global snow leopard (Panthera uncia) population. We compiled a dataset of all the peer-reviewed published literature on snow leopard population estimation. Metadata analysis showed estimates of snow leopard density to be a negative exponential function of area, suggesting that study areas have generally been too small for accurate density estimation, and sampling has often been biased towards the best habitats. Published studies are restricted to six of the 12 range countries, covering only 0.3�0.9% of the presumed global range of the species. Re-sampling of camera trap data from a relatively large study site (c.1684 km2) showed that small-sized study areas together with a bias towards good quality habitats in existing studies may have overestimated densities by up to five times. We conclude that current information is biased and inadequate for generating a reliable global population estimate of snow leopards. To develop a rigorous and useful baseline and to avoid pitfalls, there is an urgent need for (a) refinement of sampling and analytical protocols for population estimation of snow leopards (b) agreement and coordinated use of standardized sampling protocols amongst researchers and governments across the range, and (c) sampling larger and under-represented areas of the snow leopard's global range. |
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Call Number | SLN @ rakhee @ | Serial | 1477 | ||
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