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	Author	Freeman, H.
	Title	Social Behavior in the Snow Leopards and its implications for captive management			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Int.Ped.Book of Snow Leopards	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1	Issue		Pages	71-77
	Keywords	social; behavior; captive; management; captivity; zoo; zoos; browse; 3600
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 44			Serial	314
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	Author	Meiers, S.T.
	Title	Habitat use by captive puma (Felis concolor) and snow leopards (Pathera uncia) at the Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois			Type	Book Whole
	Year	1992	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-74
	Keywords	habitat; habitat use; use; captive; felis; Felis-concolor; concolor; snow; snow leopards; snow leopard; snow-leopards; snow-leopard; leopards; leopard; uncia; park; zoo; 1990; observations; panthera; panthera uncia; Panthera-uncia; zoological; zoological gardens; zoological-gardens; gardens; behavior; species; Time budget; dens; Identity; Animals; Animal; non; Cats; cat; location; relief
	Abstract	Between May 1990 and January 1991, behavioral observations were made of two captive pumas (Felis concolor Linnaeus), and two captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia Schreber) in their outdoor exhibits at the Lincoln Park Zoological Gardens, Chicago, Illinois. Behaviors compared within and between species included: 1) time spend in the different habitat types; 2) time budgets for the different behaviors: laying, moving, sitting, standing, crouching, in the tree, drinking, urinating, defecating, within their inside dens, and “behavior not determined” when the identity or behavior of the individuals could not be determined; and 3) mobility of the animals within their exhibits. Also examined were: 4) preferences for different habitat types; 5) recommendations for future exhibit designs. Both species located themselves within their exhibits in a non-random manner. The majority of cats' time was spent in elevated locations (i.e., gunite ledges approximately 1-5.5 m above ground-level). Snow leopards exhibited this tendency to a greater extent than did the pumas. Both species also spent the majority of their time in the lying-down behavior; again snow leopards displayed this tendency significantly more than the pumas. Pumas were highly mobile and changed locations and behaviors in their exhibit significantly more than the snow leopards. No significant differences were noted between conspecifics in regard to habitat type preference, or mobility within the exhibit. Suggestions for future exhibit design include elevated locations for the cats to lay and look around within and outside their exhibits, caves for access to shade or relief from inclement weather, and ground surfaces to move about on. Features for exhibit design should take into consideration the natural habitat of the cat to occupy the exhibit.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Ph.D. thesis
	Publisher	DePaul University	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	A thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences in partial fulfillment of the degree requirements for the degree of Master of Science at DePaul University.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1008			Serial	673
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	Author	Guerrero, D.
	Title	Animal behavior concerns & solutions: snow leopard (Uncia uncia) evaluation, zoo			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Anim.Keepers' Forum	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	2	Pages	56-58
	Keywords	aggressive-behavior; behavior; captive-animal-care; diets; endangered; threatened-species; genetics; handling-methods; intraspecies-relationships; social-behavior; husbandry; zoos; snow leopard; aggressive; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; methods; intraspecies; relationships; social; browse; 1310
	Abstract	The author offers advice on how a captive-raised snow leopard cub could be acclimated to humans so it could be used as a zoo “ambassador”. The cub had negative experiences with humans and lacked socialization with other animals and conspecifics. Methods of avoiding and redirecting the cub's aggressive behavior are suggested. lgh.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Ark Anim., Inc., P.O. Box 1154, Escondido, CA 92033-1154. e-mail: arkabc@arkanimals.com Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 338			Serial	358
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	Author	Reed-Smith, J.; Kumpf, M.
	Title	Snow leopards (Uncia uncia): family group management alternatives			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Anim.Keepers' Forum	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	10	Pages	386-391
	Keywords	behavior; captive-animal-care; endangered; threatened-species; intraspecies-relationships; mammals; techniques; zoos; snow leopard; husbandry; browse; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; intraspecies; relationships; 1300
	Abstract	The authors offer insights into creating family groups of snow leopards in zoos. The programs at the Denver Zoo, Denver, Colorado, and at John Ball Zoological Gardens, Grand Rapids, Michigan, are highlighted. lgh.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 340			Serial	814
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	Author	Blomqvist, L.
	Title	Three decades of Snow Leopards Panthera uncia in Captivity			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Int.Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	34	Issue		Pages	178-185
	Keywords	zoo; population; status; genetics; captive-animal-care; propogation; captivity; fertility; recruitment; mortality; browse; captive; Animal; care; 1360
	Abstract	The author reports the status of the captive population of snow leopards over the last three decades. Genetic and demographic information is also provided. The captive population as of 1992 was 541 leopards. klf. I
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 256			Serial	165
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	Author	Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A.
	Title	Management and husbandry of the snow leopard Uncia uncia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	International Zoo Yearbook	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue		Pages	139-147
	Keywords	breeding; captive-management; diet; enclosures; housing; husbandry; nutrition; veterinary-care; zoo; browse; veterinary; care; captive; management; 1290
	Abstract	The international studbook for the Snow leopard Uncia uncia was established in 1976. The species has been the focus of intensive captive management and as at 1 January 1992, 541 animals were maintained at 160 collections. This paper gives an overview of the diet, housing, breeding and captive management of the species with specific reference to animals maintained in North American collections. A summary of veterinary care reported in the Snow leopard captive-management survey is also given.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 331			Serial	1018
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	Author	Graham, L.H.; Goodrowe, K.L.; Raeside, J.I.; Liptrap, R.M.
	Title	Non-invasive monitoring of ovarian function in several felid species by measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestins			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Zoo Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14	Issue	3	Pages	223-237
	Keywords	Artificial-Breeding-Program; captive-management; Estradiol-17beta; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestin; sexual-behavior; genetics; zoo; medicine; veterinary; snow-leopard; feces; fecal-analysis; snow leopard; artificial; breeding; program; captive; management; Estradiol; 17beta; sexual; behavior; browse; snow; leopard; fecal; analysis; 1390
	Abstract	An extraction and assay procedure to measure fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations in several cat species was developed and validated for use for noninvasive monitoring of ovarian function. Fecal samples were collected over a range of 3-20 months from female tigers (three), lions (three), snow leopards (three), cheetahs (two), caracals (two), and domestic cats (five). Samples were extracted with 90% methanol, lipids removed with petroleum ether, and the estradiol and progestins in the methanol measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and subsequent RIA of the fractions indicated that the estradiol-17-beta antiserum cross-reacted primarily with estradiol-17-beta in the feces of lions and tigers and was assumed to be specific for estradiol-17-beta in the feces of other species as well. However, there were several immunoreactive compounds, presumably progesterone metabolites, excreted in the feces which varied both quantitatively and qualitatively among species. The behavior of tigers, lions, cheetahs, and caracals was visually monitored during the collection period and frequency of sexual behaviors was positively correlated with increases in fecal estradiol in all species observed. The mean fecal estradiol-17-beta peaks were as follows: tigers, 128.0 +- 13.1; lions, 186.0 +- 14.8; snow leopards, 136.7 +- 15.9; cheetahs, 140.9 +- 9.0; caracals, 24.5 +- 4.0; and domestic cats 158.9 +- 19.3 ng/gm. Fecal progestin concentrations rose significantly (P lt 0,001) only after breeding or during pregnancy and were as follows: tigers, 5.6 +- 0.6; lions, 1.9 +- 0.1; cheetahs, 8.4 +- 1.1; and caracals, 2.4 +- 0.4 mu-g/gm. Fecal progestins were elevated for one-half to two-thirds of the gestation length during presumed pseudopregnancy but remained elevated throughout successful pregnancies. These results suggest that ovarian function can be monitored noninvasively in the family Felidae by the measurement of fecal estradiol-17-beta and progestin concentrations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 279			Serial	345
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	Author	Freeman, H.
	Title	Behavior in adult pairs of captive snow leopards (Panthera uncia)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1983	Publication	Zoo Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue	1	Pages	1-22
	Keywords	behavior; zoo; zoos; captive; captivity; estrus; breeding; mating; veterinary; browse; 1600
	Abstract	Eight adult pairs of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were observed for one to three years in the months December through March to determine the species' social and reproductive characteristics in captivity. To statistically examine the occurrence of behaviors as a function of estrus, the observation weeks were divided into three time blocks: before estrus, estrus, and after estrus. Using percentage of scan samples as an estimate of time spent in various behaviors, 16 behaviors and combined behavior categories were examined for (1) behaviors that differentiated successfully from unsuccessfully breeding pairs, (2) sex differences in behavior, (3) significant correlations between pair members, and (4) behaviors that showed time block effects. The rationale for identifying a behavioral profile of successful breeders in snow leopards was to aid zoos in their captive management programs by increasing their knowledge of the social behavior of this species. By finding correlates to breeding success, informed decisions on whether to change partners after a certain period of time, how to group the cats, and the optimum strategy for a survival plan can be made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes	Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 60			Serial	319
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	Author	Kazensky, C.A.; Munson, L.; Seal, U.S.
	Title	The effects of melengestrol acetate on the ovaries of captive wild felids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal-of-Zoo-and-Wildlife-Medicine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	29	Issue	1	Pages	1-5
	Keywords	Mga; zoo; felids; contraception; Melengestrol-acetate; ovaries; snow-leopard; Panthera-uncia; snow leopard; browse; uncia; panthera; melengestrol; acetate; 1260; effects; study; ovarian; Ovary; captive; wild; wild felid; Wild-Felid; species; Follicle; Cats; cat; recent; Ovulation; doses; Dose; action; Progestin; Disease; veterinary
	Abstract	Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is the most widely used contraceptive in zoo felids, but the mechanism of contraception and the pathologic effects have not been investigated. For this study, the effects of MGA on folliculogenesis were assessed, and the association of MGA with ovarian lesions was evaluated. Comparisons were made among the histopathologic findings in the ovaries from 88 captive wild felids (representing 15 species) divided into three groups: 37 currently contracepted with MGA, eight previously exposed to MGA, and 43 never contracepted. Ninety-one percent of the felids evaluated had tertiary follicles, and no differences were noted between contracepted and uncontracepted cats. Some MGA-contracepted cats also had corpora lutea indicating recent ovulation. These results indicate that folliculogenesis is not suppressed by current doses of MGA and ovulation occurred in some cats. Therefore, the contraceptive actions of MGA do not occur by suppressing folliculogenesis, and MGA-contracepted felids likely have endogenous estrogens that may confound progestin effects on the uterus. Cystic rete ovarii was the most common pathologic finding, but they were not more prevalent in MGA-contracepted cats. These findings indicate that MGA is not associated with ovarian disease, including ovarian cancer, in contrast to the uterine lesions noted in MGA-treated cats.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes	Document Type: English. Affiliation: Taylor Veterinary Hospital, Turlock , California 95382, USA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 348			Serial	527
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	Author	Blomqvist, L.
	Title	The Development of the Captive Snow Leopard Population between 1984-1985			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	181-189
	Keywords	zoos; zoo; captivity; breeding; status; population; husbandry; captive; browse; 1760
	Abstract	In 1984, 73 (31/41/1) cubs were born of which 47 (24/23) survived for six months or longer. This gives us a cub mortality of 35.6%. A total of 38 (11/26/1) snow leopards died in captivity in 1984. Five (2/3) specimens were wild caught at the same time in the USSR and then located in the zoos of ALma-Ata, Moscow and Novosibirsk. At the End of 1984, the captive stock consisted of 332 (168/164) snow leopards, an increase of forty animals from the previous year.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leopard Trust and Wildlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 106			Serial	161
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	Author	Wharton, D.; Freeman, H.
	Title	The Snow Leopard in North America: Captive Breeding Under the Species Survival PLan			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1988	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	131-136
	Keywords	Species-Survival-Plan; captivity; breeding; genetics; zoos; studs; captive; browse; species; survival; plan; 1720
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	International Snow Leoaprd Trust and WIldlife Institute of India	Place of Publication	India	Editor	H.Freeman
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Fifth International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: Srinagar, IndiaDate of Copyright: 1988			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 134			Serial	1016
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	Author	Kuzminikh, I.
	Title	Notes on the status of captive snow leopards in regions of the former Soviet Union			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	199
	Keywords	zoos; captivity; management; Russia; Ussr; Soviet-Union; status; captive-population; genetics; Eastern-Sayan-Reserve; protected-areas; parks; reserves; refuge; browse; captive populations; populations; captive; eastern sayan reserve; easter; Sayan; reserve; protected area; areas; area; protected areas; 3450
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 229			Serial	597
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	Author	Wharton, D.; Mainka, S.A.
	Title	Captive Management of the Snow Leopard			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	135-148
	Keywords	zoos; captivity; captive; management; husbandry; diet; social; behavior; housing; habitat; breeding; status; distribution; parasites; vaccination; quarantine; Disease; medical; veterinary; medicine; ceasarean; hand-rearing; browse; hand rearing; hand; rearing; 3550
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full Text at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 265			Serial	1017
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	Author	Fox, J.L.; Jizeng, D.
	Title	Introduction to the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1994	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Iucn; Cites; captive-management; conservation; management; livestock; herders; predator; prey; protected-areas; parks; park; refuge; reserves; captive; browse; protected; area; 3850
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Islt	Place of Publication	Usa	Editor	J.L.Fox; D.Jizeng
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	full text available at URLTitle, Monographic: Seventh International Snow Leopard SymposiumPlace of Meeting: ChinaDate of Copyright: 1994			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 154			Serial	302
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	Author	Bannikov A.G.
	Title	We must save them			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1982	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	49-50
	Keywords	Ussr; endangered species; Red Data book; snow leopard; biology; distribution; number; captive breeding; conservation.; 6160; Russian
	Abstract	It describes the USSR's fauna species included in the Red Data Book and gives an assessment of endangered species conservation practices throughout the world. It says about ways and perspectives of conservation and rehabilitation of rare animals in the USSR. It provides brief information concerning snow leopard's biology, distribution, number, opportunities for captive breeding, and international conservation activities aimed to protect this species.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in Russian			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 594			Serial	113
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	Author	Pokrovskiy V.S.
	Title	The role of zoos in conservation of rare predator mammal species			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	54-56
	Keywords	snow leopard; captive breeding; Zoo.; 7950; Russian
	Abstract	Snow leopards are kept in 50 zoos worldwide, where some 70 animals were born. There are 26 snow leopards in 28 zoos of the USSR. The zoos of Chicago and Kaunas are specialized in breeding snow leopards.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Ecologic fundamentals of protection and sustainable use of predatory mammals.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 773			Serial	781
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	Author	Kovalev A.K.
	Title	Markhor in the Ramit nature reserve, Tajikistan			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.3.	Issue		Pages	247-248
	Keywords	Tajikistan; Khazratishok ridge; Darvaza ridge; markhor; number; nature conservation; zakaznik; Ramit nature reserve; captive breeding; prey species; snow leopard.; 7320; Russian
	Abstract	The marchor habitat in Tajikistan is fragmented. The animals are reproduced in enclosures of the Ramit nature reserve and released into wildlife in Khel canyon. Two females were killed by snow leopard.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Nature reserves of the USSR present and future.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 710			Serial	577
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	Author	Burgelo T.B.
	Title	Brief information of snow leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1986	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	54-55
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; snow leopard; records; analysis of food remains; captive breeding.; 6400; Russian
	Abstract	This article describes the encounters with snow leopard and their traces in various areas of Kazakhstan. In the Aksu Djabagly nature reserve, population of snow leopard does not exceed 10-12 animals. There were found remains of moral, argali, ibex, small birds, red-tailed marmot, hare (Lepus talai), mouse rodents and plants. One encounter with snow leopard is known to have occurred in the Greater Almaty Canyon in 1971-1981. There are no less than 25 snow leopards in the Jungar Ala-Tau. Snow leopard was found in the Aksu river valley, ridge Saur, and South Altai. The following number of snow leopards was kept in Kazakhstan's zoos, as of January 1, 1984: two males in Alma-Ata, one female in Chimkent. In 1976, one cub was born in the Alma-Ata zoo.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: Rare animals of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 618			Serial	201
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	Author	Grachev Yu.A.
	Title	Snow leopard			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1996	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	Vol.1.Animals. Part 1.Vertebrates.	Issue		Pages	246-247
	Keywords	Kazakhstan; Red Data book; category of threat; distribution; number; conservation measure; captive breeding; snow leopard.; 6810; Russian
	Abstract	Status: rare (Category III). Distribution: Tien Shan mountains, Tarbagatai, Saur and Altai mountains. Total number in Kazakhstan does not exceed 200 individuals. The main threats are poaching and reduction number of preys. In Almaty Zoo captive breeding was successful in 1976 and 1985. Snow leopard is protected in Aksu Jabagly, Almaty and Markakol nature reserves. To ensure the survival of the species it is necessary to establish a reserve in Dzhungar mountains and to improve protection in existing nature reserves.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Full text available in RussianJournal Title: The Red data book of Kazakhstan.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 659			Serial	343
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	Author	Kaunas Zoo
	Title	On the propagation of snow leopards in zoological gardens			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1962	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Kaunas Zoo, snow leopard, captive, breeding
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Handwritten document			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1184
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	Author	Pfeil, A.; Lucker, H.; Pfeil, I.
	Title	Leiomyoma in the urinary bladder of a female snow leopard (Uncia uncia, Schreber, 1776)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Tier„rztliche Praxis Kleintiere	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	32	Issue	1	Pages	40-44
	Keywords	Bladder; captive; diagnostic; Female; german; leopard; origin; snow-leopard; snow-leopards; snow leopard; snow leopards; surgery; therapy; uncia; Uncia-uncia; Uncia uncia; urinary; veterinary; zoo
	Abstract	Summary A leiomyoma of the urinary bladder in a 14-year-old female snow leopard exhibiting bloody vaginal discharge was removed by partial cystectomy. Gravel (struvite) was found in the urine of the inflammatory bladder. Additionally ovario-hysterectomy was performed. Histological findings showed a glandular-cystic hyperplasia. Tumors of the bladder are very rare in cats. Specifically the benign tumors of the bladder very often have no clinical relevance and rarely result in bladder dysfunction. Therefore they might remain undiagnosed in many cases, particularly since the diagnostic procedure in big cats is very extensive. Leiomyoma of the bladder in snow leopards have not been described yet. The present paper describes the surgery performed, the succeeding therapy, the struvit prophylaxis, and discusses the aetiology of the leiomyoma's origin on the basis of current literature. Zusammenfassung Bei einer 14-j„hrigen Schneeleopardin mit blutigem Vaginalausfluss wurde ein Leiomyom der Blase durch partielle Zystektomie entfernt. Im Urin und in der entzndeten Blase konnte Grieá (Struvit) nachgewiesen werden. Gleichzeitig wurde eine Ovariohysterektomie durchgefhrt. Der histologische Befund ergab eine glandul„r-zystische Hyperplasie des Endometriums. Tumoren der Harnblase sind bei Katzen sehr selten. Vor allem benigne Blasentumoren haben oft keine klinische Relevanz und fhren selten zu Blasenfunktionsst”rungen. Es ist daher m”glich, dass sie insbesondere bei Groákatzen wegen der aufwendigen Diagnostik bersehen werden. Leiomyome in der Blase sind beim Schneeleoparden bisher nicht beschrieben. In diesem Artikel werden die durchgefhrte Operation, die folgende Therapie und Struvitprophylaxe beschrieben sowie m”gliche Žtiologien der Entstehung des Leiomyoms anhand der Literatur diskutiert.
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	Notes	In German. Title: Leiomyom in der Blase bei einem weiblichen Schneeleoparden (Uncia uncia, Schreber, 1776). Aus dem Zoologischen Garten Dresden (Direktor: Dr. H. Lcker) und der Tier„rztlichen Klinik Dr. I. Pfeil, Dresden.			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 1055			Serial	772
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	Author	Clyde, V.L.; Ramsay, E.C.; Bemis, D.A.
	Title	Fecal shedding of Salmonella in exotic felids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	J.Zoo Wildl.Med	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue	2	Pages	148-152
	Keywords	antibiotics; captive-animal-care; diarrhea; endangered; threatened-species; handling-methods; mammals parasites; Diseases; salmonella; zoos; snow-leopard; leopard; salmonellosis; husbandry; captive; Animal; care; threatened; species; handling; mammals; parasites; snow; browse; 1320
	Abstract	The authors discuss the occurrence of salmonellosis in collections of exotic felids. Data suggest that zoo employees having contact with cat feces or raw diets have a high rate of occupational exposure to Salmonella and should exercise appropriate hygienic precautions. pcp
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	Notes	Milwaukee Cty. Zoo, Milwaukee, WI 53226 Document Type: English			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @ 304			Serial	227
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	Author	Marwell Zoological Society
	Title	The Marwell Zoological Society			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	1978	Publication	Marwell Zoological Society	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	9-10
	Keywords	snow leopard, captive
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	Notes	new exhibit construction			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1205
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	Author	San Antonio News
	Title	The story of the three little kittens			Type	Magazine Article
	Year	1975	Publication	San Antonio News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	I	Issue	6	Pages
	Keywords	captive, zoo
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	Publisher		Place of Publication	San Antonio, Texas	Editor
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	Notes	November/December issue			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1284
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	Author	Anonymous
	Title	She's all washed up			Type	Newspaper Article
	Year	1980	Publication	New York Daily News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	1 January	Pages
	Keywords	snow leopard, captive, Bronx Zoo, New York
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	Notes	Photograph			Approved	no
	Call Number	SLN @ rana @			Serial	1208
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